Turkish Federated State of Cyprus: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 12:20, 19 April 2010
The state which is occurred between 1975 and 1983.
The UN General Secretary came to Cyprus on 25-26 December 1974, immediately after the 2nd Peace Operation , and demanded that bilateral talks be initiated between the two communities. After the Temporary Turkish Cypriot Administration was declared on 28 December 1967, the second phase was put into effect on 13 February 1975 with the declaration of the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus.
In this situation, the Autonomous Turkish Administration Assembly of Cyprus convened on 13 February 1975 in order to establish the Turkish wings of the federal units necessary for a federation based on equity and adaptation of a multi-partial democratic parliamentary system. The Assembly unanimously proclaimed the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus and decided upon the establishment of a Constitutional Assembly with the participation of the representatives of all institutions and agencies of the Turkish community to pen the State Constitution and the election law.
The foundation declaration of the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus which was declared on 13 February 1975 was announced by the Chairman of the Administration Rauf Denktaş in the Autonomous Turkish Administration Assembly of Cyprus.
The Declaration included the following statements:
"The Board of Ministers and Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Turkish Administration of Cyprus held a joint meeting in Nicosia on 13 February 1975 and decided the following having regard to duly mentioned reasons:
- The Turkish Cypriot community, one Party of the founders of the Republic, has been forced to resist the attempts and threats by the Greek cypriots to terminate the independence of the Republic of Cyprus in 1963, 1967 and 1974.
It was concluded that it is impossible to live together with the Greek Cypriots, other Party of the founders of the Republic of Cyprus and that the two communities should be allowed to live adjacently by arranging their inner structures in order to bring calm, security and sustained peace to the Island; and
According to foregoing statements, it was considered that the Greek Cypriot Community should pursue a favourable and constructive attitude for the foundation of the Federal Republic of Cyprus; and
It was confirmed that any attempt on the independence of Cyprus and and to divide or integrate it with another state shall be wholeheartedly resisted; and
It is believed that the status of independence is required for the Republic of Cyprus and was thus decided that the island not be allowed to serve foreign interests; and
It was considered it is necessary to create the legal basis for the attainment of order in their respective regions as the medium of order is a prerequisite for the foundation of the Federal Republic of Cyprus in the future; and
It was confirmed that the final objective was to integrate with the Greek Cypriot Community within the framework a bi-regional federation;
It was decided that the 1960 Constitution the basic principles of which were set on the basis of international agreements in accordance with the international law shall be replaced as the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Cyprus following the same procedure and that the rearrangement and organization of the autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration is necessary until the Federal Republic is founded.
Therefore, it was decided the Constitutional Assembly be founded under the presidency of the President of the Turkish Cypriot Administration".
The time from the foundation of the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus to the declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has been a difficult period of struggle for the state to take roots and for short and long term problems to be solved and democracy to sink in.
Within that period, the Constitution of the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus was completed and set into implementation, getting nearly 100 % of the votes in the referandum. In 1976 and 1981, two general elections were held and the problems of the state were addressed within the parliamentary system through the operation of democratic mechanisms.
Again throughout that time, the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus has been open to negotiations to solve the Cyprus issue, which resulted in a summit between Makarios and Dentash in 1977.
Makarios died on 3 August 1977 and the Greek Cypriot side elected Democratic Party leader Kyprianou President of Cyprus. However, Turkey and the Turkish Federal Republic of Cyprus did not recognize his presidency, rightfully claiming that Kyprianou could only represent the Greek Administration in Cyprus. Yet, a summit was held between Denktash and Kyprianou in 1979 to find a solution to the Cyprus issue.[1]
Establishment of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
In 1975 the "Turkish Federative State of Cyprus" (Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti) was declared as a first step towards a future federated Cypriot state, but was rejected by the Republic of Cyprus, the UN, and the international community. After eight years of failed negotiations with the leadership of the Greek Cypriot community, the north declared its independence on November 15, 1983 under the name of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. This unilateral declaration of independence was rejected by the UN and the Republic of Cyprus.
In recent years the politics of reunification has dominated the island's affairs. It was hoped that Cyprus's planned accession into the European Union would act as a catalyst towards a settlement, and in 2004 a United Nations–brokered peace settlement was presented in a referendum to both sides. The proposed settlement was opposed by both the president of Cyprus, Tassos Papadopoulos, and Turkish Cypriot president Rauf Denktaş; in the referendum, a majority of Turkish Cypriots accepted the proposal, but Greek Cypriots overwhelmingly rejected it. As a result, Cyprus entered the European Union as a divided island, with Northern Cyprus effectively excluded. Denktaş resigned in the wake of the vote, ushering in the pro-solutionist Mehmet Ali Talat as his successor.
Annan Plan
The Annan Plan was a United Nations proposal to settle the Cyprus dispute of the divided island nation of Cyprus as the United Cyprus Republic (or United Cypriot Republic[1]). It was named in recognition of the then United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who largely devised the proposal in conjunction with Didier Pfirter.
The Annan Plan had undergone five revisions in order to reach its final version. The 5th revision of the Annan Plan[2] proposed the creation of the United Cyprus Republic, covering the island of Cyprus in its entirety except for the British Sovereign Base Areas. This new country was to be a federation of two constituent states — the Greek Cypriot State and the Turkish Cypriot State — joined together by a federal government apparatus.