Internationalized country code top-level domain: Difference between revisions
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An '''internationalized country code top-level domain''' (ITLD) is a country code [[top-level domain]] in a non Latin alphabet, such as Arabic. Currently there are three ITLDs: [[السعودية.]], [[مصر.]] and [[امارات.]] |
An '''internationalized country code top-level domain''' (ITLD) is a country code [[top-level domain]] in a non Latin alphabet, such as Arabic. Currently there are three ITLDs: [[السعودية.]], [[مصر.]] and [[امارات.]] |
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In December 2006, ICANN established an internationalized top-level domain name working group within the Country Code Names Supporting Organisation (ccNSO).<ref>{{cite web |
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|title=Proposed Final Implementation Plan for IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process |
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|url=http://ccnso.icann.org/workinggroups/idnc-wg-board-proposal-25jun08.pdf |
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|format=PDF |
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|date=September 30, 2009 |
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|publisher=ICANN|accessdate=2009-10-30}}</ref> They resolved in June 2007 ''inter alia'' to proceed and asked the IDNC Working Group to prepare a proposal, which the group delivered in June 2008, "''to recommend mechanisms to introduce a limited number of non-contentious IDN ccTLDs, associated with the ISO 3166-1 two-letter codes in a short time frame to meet near term demand.''" The group proposed a methodology using ICANN's Fast Track Process<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icann.org/en/topics/idn/fast-track/|title=IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process|publisher=ICANN}}</ref> based on the ICANN charter to work with the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] (IANA): 1) Identify technical basis of the TLD strings and country code specific processes, select IDN ccTLD personnel and authorities, and prepare documentation; 2) Perform ICANN due diligence process for technical proposal and publish method; 3) Enter delegation process within established IANA procedures. |
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In October 2009, [[ICANN]] resolved to start accepting applications for top-level [[internationalized domain name]]s from representatives of countries and territories starting in November 2009. Such IDN ccTLDs are domain names that are encoded in whole or in part as [[Unicode]] and represented in applications as language-specific scripts or alphabets.<ref>{{cite press release|title=ICANN Bringing the Languages of the World to the Global Internet|url=http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30oct09-en.htm|date=30 October 2009|publisher=Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)|accessdate=30 October 2009}}</ref> |
In October 2009, [[ICANN]] resolved to start accepting applications for top-level [[internationalized domain name]]s from representatives of countries and territories starting in November 2009. Such IDN ccTLDs are domain names that are encoded in whole or in part as [[Unicode]] and represented in applications as language-specific scripts or alphabets.<ref>{{cite press release|title=ICANN Bringing the Languages of the World to the Global Internet|url=http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30oct09-en.htm|date=30 October 2009|publisher=Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)|accessdate=30 October 2009}}</ref> |
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Starting November 16, 2009, nations and territories may apply for [[IDN ccTLD]]s, which may be expected to be operational in mid-2010.<ref name=BBC-200910>{{cite news|title=Internet addresses set for change |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8333194.stm|date=October 30, 2009|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2009-10-30}}</ref> Non-[[Latin alphabet]] scripts are used by more than half of the world's 1.6 billion Internet users.<ref name=BBC-200910 /> ICANN expects that Arabic, Chinese, and Cyrillic domains are likely to be the first implementations.<ref name=BBC-200910 /> |
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Egypt, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates were among the first countries to apply for the new internationalized domain name country code top-level domains and in January 2010 ICANN announced that these countries' IDN ccTLDs were the first four new IDN ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.<ref>{{Cite web |
Egypt, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates were among the first countries to apply for the new internationalized domain name country code top-level domains and in January 2010 ICANN announced that these countries' IDN ccTLDs were the first four new IDN ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.<ref>{{Cite web |
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}}</ref> The first such a TLD will be [[.рф]], the [[Cyrillic]] abbreviation of Russian Federation, normally known as [[Russia]].<ref>[http://www.domainpulse.com/2009/11/23/rf-idn-translate-dns-in-russian/ .РФ Internationalised Domain Name will translate DNS in Russian]</ref> Currently Russia uses [[.ru]], which in Cyrillic transliterates as “ру”, which is too similar to [[.py]], the TLD of [[Paraguay]]. |
}}</ref> The first such a TLD will be [[.рф]], the [[Cyrillic]] abbreviation of Russian Federation, normally known as [[Russia]].<ref>[http://www.domainpulse.com/2009/11/23/rf-idn-translate-dns-in-russian/ .РФ Internationalised Domain Name will translate DNS in Russian]</ref> Currently Russia uses [[.ru]], which in Cyrillic transliterates as “ру”, which is too similar to [[.py]], the TLD of [[Paraguay]]. |
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In January 2010 ICANN announced that four domains have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process, domains connected to Egypt, Russia, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. Applications had at that time been received for twelve other domains.<ref>{{Cite web |
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|url=http://icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-21jan10-en.htm |
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|title=First IDN ccTLDs Requests Successfully Pass String Evaluation |
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|date=2010-01-21 |
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|publisher=ICANN |
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}}</ref> The Arabic-script IDN ccTLDs were activated on May 5, 2010,<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-05may10-en.htm First IDN ccTLDs available], [[ICANN]], 2010-05-01</ref> for [[Egypt]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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Revision as of 20:01, 7 May 2010
An internationalized country code top-level domain (ITLD) is a country code top-level domain in a non Latin alphabet, such as Arabic. Currently there are three ITLDs: السعودية., مصر. and امارات.
In December 2006, ICANN established an internationalized top-level domain name working group within the Country Code Names Supporting Organisation (ccNSO).[1] They resolved in June 2007 inter alia to proceed and asked the IDNC Working Group to prepare a proposal, which the group delivered in June 2008, "to recommend mechanisms to introduce a limited number of non-contentious IDN ccTLDs, associated with the ISO 3166-1 two-letter codes in a short time frame to meet near term demand." The group proposed a methodology using ICANN's Fast Track Process[2] based on the ICANN charter to work with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 1) Identify technical basis of the TLD strings and country code specific processes, select IDN ccTLD personnel and authorities, and prepare documentation; 2) Perform ICANN due diligence process for technical proposal and publish method; 3) Enter delegation process within established IANA procedures.
In October 2009, ICANN resolved to start accepting applications for top-level internationalized domain names from representatives of countries and territories starting in November 2009. Such IDN ccTLDs are domain names that are encoded in whole or in part as Unicode and represented in applications as language-specific scripts or alphabets.[3]
Starting November 16, 2009, nations and territories may apply for IDN ccTLDs, which may be expected to be operational in mid-2010.[4] Non-Latin alphabet scripts are used by more than half of the world's 1.6 billion Internet users.[4] ICANN expects that Arabic, Chinese, and Cyrillic domains are likely to be the first implementations.[4]
Egypt, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates were among the first countries to apply for the new internationalized domain name country code top-level domains and in January 2010 ICANN announced that these countries' IDN ccTLDs were the first four new IDN ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.[5] The first such a TLD will be .рф, the Cyrillic abbreviation of Russian Federation, normally known as Russia.[6] Currently Russia uses .ru, which in Cyrillic transliterates as “ру”, which is too similar to .py, the TLD of Paraguay.
In January 2010 ICANN announced that four domains have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process, domains connected to Egypt, Russia, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. Applications had at that time been received for twelve other domains.[7] The Arabic-script IDN ccTLDs were activated on May 5, 2010,[8] for Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
References
- ^ "Proposed Final Implementation Plan for IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process" (PDF). ICANN. September 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- ^ "IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process". ICANN.
- ^ "ICANN Bringing the Languages of the World to the Global Internet" (Press release). Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). 30 October 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ^ a b c "Internet addresses set for change". BBC News. October 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- ^ "First IDN ccTLDs Requests Successfully Pass String Evaluation". ICANN. 2010-01-21.
- ^ .РФ Internationalised Domain Name will translate DNS in Russian
- ^ "First IDN ccTLDs Requests Successfully Pass String Evaluation". ICANN. 2010-01-21.
- ^ First IDN ccTLDs available, ICANN, 2010-05-01