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{{For|the [[French people|French]] [[inventor]]|Frank Lambert (inventor)}}
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'''Frank L. Lambert''' (born July 10, 1918, [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]]) is a Professor Emeritus of [[Chemistry]] at [[Occidental College]], Los Angeles. He is known for his advocacy of changing the definition of [[thermodynamic entropy]] as “disorder” from US general chemistry texts and its replacement by viewing entropy as a measure of [[Entropy (energy dispersal)|energy dispersal]].
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{{for|the [[French people|French]] [[inventor]]|Frank Lambert (inventor)}}
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'''Frank L. Lambert''' (born July 10, 1918, [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]]) is a Professor Emeritus of [[Chemistry]] at [[Occidental College]], Los Angeles. He is known for his advocacy of changing the definition of [[thermodynamic entropy]] as “disorder” from US general chemistry texts and its replacement by viewing entropy as a measure of [[Entropy (energy dispersal)|energy dispersal]].<ref> [http://www.entropysite.com/cv.html Frank Lambert - Curriculum Vitae] </ref>
<ref>Lambert, Frank L., ''Shuffled Cards, Messy Desks, and Disorderly Dorm Rooms – Examples of Entropy Increase? Nonsense!'' Journal of Chemical Education, 1999, '''76''', 1385-1387. ([http://www.entropysite.com/shuffled_cards.html Online]) </ref>
<ref> Lambert, Frank L., ''Disorder – A Cracked Crutch for Supporting Entropy Discussions'', Journal of Chemical Education, 2002, '''79''', 187-192. ([http://www.entropysite.com/cracked_crutch.html Online]) </ref>
<ref>Although all U.S. chemistry texts for first-year university classes prior to 1999 had some sort of illustration of a disorderly room, or shuffled cards, or a mixture of red and green marbles as depictions of “increased entropy”, in 2007 no major text used such illustrations. </ref>
<ref>Lambert, Frank L., “Entropy Is Simple, Qualitatively” Journal of Chemical Education, 2002, ''79'', 1241-1246. ([http://www.entropysite.com/entropy_is_simple/index.html Online]) </ref>
<ref>Kozliak, Evguenii I, Lambert, Frank L., “Order-to-Disorder” for Entropy Change? Consider the Numbers!” ''The Chemical Educator'', 2005, ''10'', 24-25. ([http://www.entropysite.com/order_to_disorder.pdf Online]) </ref>
<ref> Lambert, Frank L., ''Configurational Entropy Revisited'' Journal of Chemical Education, 2007, '''84''', 1548-1550. ([http://www.entropysite.com/ConFigEntPublicat.pdf Online]) </ref>
<ref>In 1999 all U.S. general chemistry texts described entropy as ''disorder''. One gave 89 ''examples'' of ''order to disorder'' for entropy increase and another text 65. By 2007, 16 first-year textbooks – including those just mentioned – and two physical chemistry texts had adopted the spontaneous dispersal of molecular motional energy in space or in occupancy of an increased number of accessible microstates as their definition of entropy increase. The texts are identified [http://www.entropysite.com/#whatsnew here] at April 2007, March 2006 and December 2005. </ref>


==Teaching career==
==Teaching career==


Lambert graduated with honors from [[Harvard University]] with an [[Bachelor of Arts|AB]], and received his doctorate ([[PhD]]) from the [[University of Chicago]]. After serving in the military in WWII and working briefly in industrial [[research and development]], Lambert joined the faculty of [[Occidental College]]<ref name = "CV">[http://www.entropysite.com/cv.html ''Curriculum Vitae'']</ref>, teaching from 1948-1981<ref>[http://departments.oxy.edu/registrar/catalog/faculty.html Occidental College]</ref>.
Lambert graduated with honors from [[Harvard University]] with an [[Bachelor of Arts|AB]], and received his doctorate ([[PhD]]) from the [[University of Chicago]]. After serving in the military in WWII and working briefly in industrial [[research and development]], Lambert joined the faculty of [[Occidental College]], teaching from 1948-1981.<ref name = "CV">[http://entropysite.oxy.edu/bio/ ''Curriculum Vitae'']</ref>


Lambert's primary concern was teaching, with academic research functioning as a teaching aide, and in his publications he advocated the abandonment of the standard lecture system, opting instead for a system more akin to a partnership with his students. Additionally, his research in the synthesis and [[polarography]] of [[Organic halide|organic halogen compounds]] was designed for undergraduate collaboration and all but one of his papers were published with student co-authors.<ref name ="CV"/>
Lambert's primary concern was teaching, with academic research functioning as a teaching aide, and in his publications he advocated the abandonment of the standard lecture system, opting instead for a system more akin to a partnership with his students. Additionally, his research in the synthesis and [[polarography]] of [[Organic halide|organic halogen compounds]] was designed for undergraduate collaboration and all but one of his papers were published with student co-authors.<ref name ="CV"/>


After retiring from teaching in 1981, Lambert as a [[Professor emeritus]], became the scientific advisor to the [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], remaining aboard as a consultant when the [[Getty Conservation Institute]] was established. <ref name ="CV"/>
After retiring from teaching in 1981, Lambert as a [[Professor emeritus]], became the scientific advisor to the [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], remaining aboard as a consultant when the [[Getty Conservation Institute]] was established.<ref name ="CV"/>


In 1999, Occidental College recognised Lambert, presenting him with the Honorary Alumni Seal Award for Faculty Emeriti, an award for Faculty Emeriti/ae designed to recognize the significant contributions to the College by a retired faculty member.<ref>[http://www.oxy.edu/x3627.xml Past Award Recipients]</ref>
In 1999, Occidental College recognised Lambert, presenting him with the Honorary Alumni Seal Award for Faculty Emeriti, an award for Faculty Emeriti/ae designed to recognize the significant contributions to the College by a retired faculty member.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} <!-- This ref is not active <ref>[http://www.oxy.edu/x3627.xml Past Award Recipients]</ref> -->


==Technical writings==
==Technical writings==
Known for his work on the [[Entropy (energy dispersal)|energy dispersal]] model of [[entropy]], Lambert has published articles in the [[American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society's]] [[Journal of Chemical Education]]<ref>Lambert, Frank L., ''Shuffled Cards, Messy Desks, and Disorderly Dorm Rooms – Examples of Entropy Increase? Nonsense!'' Journal of Chemical Education, 1999, '''76''', 1385-1387. ([http://www.entropysite.com/shuffled_cards.html Online])</ref><ref>[http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/Journal/Issues/2002/Feb/abs187.html Lambert, Frank L., ''Disorder – A Cracked Crutch for Supporting Entropy Discussions''], Journal of Chemical Education, 2002, '''79''', 187-192. ([http://www.entropysite.com/cracked_crutch.html Update on Lambert's site])</ref><ref>Lambert, Frank L., “Entropy Is Simple, Qualitatively” Journal of Chemical Education, 2002, ''79'', 1241-1246. ([http://www.entropysite.com/entropy_is_simple/index.html Online])</ref><ref>Kozliak, Evguenii I, Lambert, Frank L., “Order-to-Disorder” for Entropy Change? Consider the Numbers!” ''The Chemical Educator'', 2005, ''10'', 24-25. ([http://www.entropysite.com/order_to_disorder.pdf Online])</ref><ref>Lambert, Frank L., ''Configurational Entropy Revisited'' Journal of Chemical Education, 2007, '''84''', 1548-1550. ([http://www.entropysite.com/ConFigEntPublicat.pdf Online])</ref> His own website has been noticed by [[Science (journal)|Science]].<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/303/5664/1589c Science, 12 March 2004: Vol. 303. no. 5664, p. 1589]</ref> His ideas have been used by other authors in the [[Journal of Chemical Education]].<ref>William B. Jensen, J. Chem. Educ., 2004, 81 (5), p 639, ''Entropy and Constraint of Motion''.</ref><ref>Thomas H. Bindel, J. Chem. Educ., 2004, 81 (11), p 1585, Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and Beyond.</ref> Lambert's ideas on entropy have been examined in a broad review of entropy by Jesper Haglund, Fredrik Jeppsson and Helge Strömdahl.<ref>[http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/12/3/490/pdf Jesper Haglund, Fredrik Jeppsson and Helge Strömdahl, ''Different Senses of Entropy—Implications for Education'', Entropy 2010, 12, 490-515; doi:10.3390/e12030490]</ref>


His work has influenced the way in which entropy (a concept defined mathematically in the technical literature) is presented in introductory textbooks and in popular science writing.<ref>See e.g. Bruce D. Olsen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=177BDKvMx50C&pg=PR7 Understanding Biology through Evolution]'', 2nd ed, Lulu, 2005, ISBN 1411636678, p. vii.</ref> It has been suggested that "The work of Frank Lambert, integrated into virtually all recent chemistry textbooks, makes clear that the second law is really a matter of energy dispersal."<ref>Lynn Margulis and Eduard Punset, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IkEZ0ad_WoIC&pg=PA232 Mind, Life, and Universe: Conversations with great scientists of our time]'', Chelsea Green Publishing, 2007, ISBN 1933392436, p. 232:</ref> In 1999 most general chemistry texts described entropy as ''disorder''. Since then many have shifted thier emphasis to that of energy dispersal. Lambert has extensively documented the way textbooks have changed in this respect up to 2010.<ref>[http://www.entropysite.com/#whatsnew Changes in textbooks]</ref> <!--Although all U.S. chemistry texts for first-year university classes prior to 1999 had some sort of illustration of a disorderly room, or shuffled cards, or a mixture of red and green marbles as depictions of “increased entropy”, in 2007 no major text used such illustrations. --> <!--- this could be added back if a citation can be found -->
Known for his work on the [[Entropy (energy dispersal)|energy dispersal]] model of [[entropy]], Lambert's numerous works are published on a number of different websites.<ref>[http://www.entropysimple.com entropy.com]</ref> <ref>[http://www.shakespeare2ndlaw.com/ 2nd Law]</ref>

Consist of copyrighted articles from the [[American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society's]] [[Journal of Chemical Education]]<ref>[http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/Journal/Issues/2002/Feb/abs187.html JCE 2002 (79) 187 [Feb&#93; Disorder-A Cracked Crutch for Supporting Entropy Discussions<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and the Chemical Educator, these websites deal with a modern view of entropy change: the dispersal of energy in a process (at a specific temperature). Considerable supplementary material concerning entropy and teaching it to beginners is also included. His work has been discussed in a number of chemistry textbooks, and has been used in the preparation of a number of such textbooks.

These websites are linked to by scores of high schools and colleges, and his writings are recommended reading in science curricula at such schools as [[Colorado College]], [[Bryn Mawr College]], [[University of Pennsylvania]], [[Michigan State University]], [[Trinity College, Perth]], and the [[University of Oklahoma]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.entropysimple.com/content.htm Entropy Is Simple — If We Avoid The Briar Patches!]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lambert, Frank}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lambert, Frank}}

Revision as of 23:22, 7 July 2010

For the French inventor, see Frank Lambert (inventor).

Frank L. Lambert (born July 10, 1918, Minneapolis, Minnesota) is a Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Occidental College, Los Angeles. He is known for his advocacy of changing the definition of thermodynamic entropy as “disorder” from US general chemistry texts and its replacement by viewing entropy as a measure of energy dispersal.

Teaching career

Lambert graduated with honors from Harvard University with an AB, and received his doctorate (PhD) from the University of Chicago. After serving in the military in WWII and working briefly in industrial research and development, Lambert joined the faculty of Occidental College, teaching from 1948-1981.[1]

Lambert's primary concern was teaching, with academic research functioning as a teaching aide, and in his publications he advocated the abandonment of the standard lecture system, opting instead for a system more akin to a partnership with his students. Additionally, his research in the synthesis and polarography of organic halogen compounds was designed for undergraduate collaboration and all but one of his papers were published with student co-authors.[1]

After retiring from teaching in 1981, Lambert as a Professor emeritus, became the scientific advisor to the J. Paul Getty Museum, remaining aboard as a consultant when the Getty Conservation Institute was established.[1]

In 1999, Occidental College recognised Lambert, presenting him with the Honorary Alumni Seal Award for Faculty Emeriti, an award for Faculty Emeriti/ae designed to recognize the significant contributions to the College by a retired faculty member.[citation needed]

Technical writings

Known for his work on the energy dispersal model of entropy, Lambert has published articles in the American Chemical Society's Journal of Chemical Education[2][3][4][5][6] His own website has been noticed by Science.[7] His ideas have been used by other authors in the Journal of Chemical Education.[8][9] Lambert's ideas on entropy have been examined in a broad review of entropy by Jesper Haglund, Fredrik Jeppsson and Helge Strömdahl.[10]

His work has influenced the way in which entropy (a concept defined mathematically in the technical literature) is presented in introductory textbooks and in popular science writing.[11] It has been suggested that "The work of Frank Lambert, integrated into virtually all recent chemistry textbooks, makes clear that the second law is really a matter of energy dispersal."[12] In 1999 most general chemistry texts described entropy as disorder. Since then many have shifted thier emphasis to that of energy dispersal. Lambert has extensively documented the way textbooks have changed in this respect up to 2010.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b c Curriculum Vitae
  2. ^ Lambert, Frank L., Shuffled Cards, Messy Desks, and Disorderly Dorm Rooms – Examples of Entropy Increase? Nonsense! Journal of Chemical Education, 1999, 76, 1385-1387. (Online)
  3. ^ Lambert, Frank L., Disorder – A Cracked Crutch for Supporting Entropy Discussions, Journal of Chemical Education, 2002, 79, 187-192. (Update on Lambert's site)
  4. ^ Lambert, Frank L., “Entropy Is Simple, Qualitatively” Journal of Chemical Education, 2002, 79, 1241-1246. (Online)
  5. ^ Kozliak, Evguenii I, Lambert, Frank L., “Order-to-Disorder” for Entropy Change? Consider the Numbers!” The Chemical Educator, 2005, 10, 24-25. (Online)
  6. ^ Lambert, Frank L., Configurational Entropy Revisited Journal of Chemical Education, 2007, 84, 1548-1550. (Online)
  7. ^ Science, 12 March 2004: Vol. 303. no. 5664, p. 1589
  8. ^ William B. Jensen, J. Chem. Educ., 2004, 81 (5), p 639, Entropy and Constraint of Motion.
  9. ^ Thomas H. Bindel, J. Chem. Educ., 2004, 81 (11), p 1585, Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and Beyond.
  10. ^ Jesper Haglund, Fredrik Jeppsson and Helge Strömdahl, Different Senses of Entropy—Implications for Education, Entropy 2010, 12, 490-515; doi:10.3390/e12030490
  11. ^ See e.g. Bruce D. Olsen, Understanding Biology through Evolution, 2nd ed, Lulu, 2005, ISBN 1411636678, p. vii.
  12. ^ Lynn Margulis and Eduard Punset, Mind, Life, and Universe: Conversations with great scientists of our time, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2007, ISBN 1933392436, p. 232:
  13. ^ Changes in textbooks
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