Simon & Garfunkel

Simon and Garfunkel were a popular music duo comprising Paul Simon and Arthur "Art" Garfunkel. Simon and Garfunkel were among the most popular recording artists of the 1960s.

In 1956, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel were juniors at Forest Hills High School in New York, NY, who began playing together as a group called Tom and Jerry, with Simon as Jerry Landis and Garfunkel as Tom Graph, so called because he always liked to track "graph" hits on the pop charts. As seniors in 1957, they had started writing their own songs in the Everly Brothers' rock-and-roll style; they managed to record one of their first, "Hey, Schoolgirl", for Sid Prosen of Big Records. Released on 45 and 78 rpm records, the single, backed with "Dancin' Wild" sold 100,000 copies, hitting #49 on the Billboard charts. They later performed their hit on American Bandstand, right after Jerry Lee Lewis' "Great Balls of Fire". Subsequent efforts in 1958 did not reach near their initial success, and after high school, the duo split, with Simon enrolling at Queens College, NY, and Garfunkel matriculating to Columbia University.

They later found prominence as part of the same New York City folk music scene as Bob Dylan, with close harmony singing inspired by the Everly Brothers, married to Simon's acoustic guitar playing, in 1963. Simon, who had finished college but dropped out of Brooklyn Law School, had taken up interest in the folk scene, like Garfunkel, and showed him a few songs in the folk style he had written--"Sparrow", "Bleecker Street", and "He Was My Brother", which was later dedicated to Andrew Goodman, one of three civil rights worked murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi, on 21 June 1964. These three efforts were among five original songs by Simon included on their first album for Columbia records, Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M., which initially flopped upon its release in October 1964. Shortly after recording finished the duo effectively split again and Simon moved to England, where he recorded his solo "The Paul Simon Song Book" in May 1965. Recorded in about an hour at Levy's Studio, London, and featuring only Simon and his guitar, it is a refreshing souvenir of the early folk work of Paul Simon. Whilst Simon was in England that summer of 1965, radio stations around Cocoa Beach and Gainesville, Florida, began to receive requests for a song off of Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M., called "The Sounds of Silence." The song also began to receive radio airplay in Boston, and seizing the chance, the duo's US producer Tom Wilson, who had heard The Byrds' early folk-rock records, added an electric backing band to The Sounds of Silence track, and released it as a single, backed with "We've Got a Groovey Thing Goin'". In September 1965 Simon learned it first entered the pop charts while about to go on stage in a Danish folk club, and it hit number 1 on the pop charts by December. Simon immediately returned to the United States and the group reformed for the second time to record more tracks in a similar style.

The result was a sequence of folk-rock records, which have endured as well as any in the genre. Simon's lyrics were often insightful and picturesque, but leavened by a consistent dry humour. On 17 January 1966 the duo released the album Sounds of Silence, which, helped by the title track's success, hit #21, while Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M. was re-released and reached #30. Among the tracks on The Paul Simon Song Book rerecorded with electric backing for Sounds of Silence were "I Am A Rock" (which as a single reached US #3 in the summer of 1966, "Leaves That Are Green", "April Come She Will", and "Kathy's Song". Further hit singles came, including "Scarborough Fair/Canticle", based on a traditional English ballad with an original counter-melody, and "Homeward Bound", (later US #5) about life on the road while Simon was touring in England in 1965. More tracks from The Paul Simon Song Book were included with recent compositions on their November 1966 album Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme, which refined the folk-rock sound hastily released on Sounds of Silence. In 1967, Simon and Garfunkel contributed heavily to the Soundtrack to Mike Nichols' film The Graduate, which was released on 21 January 1968 and instantly rose to #1as an album. As their albums became progressively more adventurous The Graduate Original Soundtrack was immediately followed in April 1968 at the top of the charts by Bookends, which dealt with increasingly complex themes of old age and loss. It features the top 25 hit singles "A Hazy Shade Of Winter", "Fakin' It", "At The Zoo", and "Mrs Robinson", the classic from the The Graduate Soundtrack, which became #1 as a single. At the March 1969 Grammy awards, "Mrs. Robinson" was named Record of the Year, while Simon was also honored with the Grammy for Best Original Score for a Motion Picture with his compostions for The Graduate Soundtrack.

By 1969 the duo's success began to take its toll. Garfunkel had begun to pursue a career in acting, in Nichols' follow-up to The Graduate, starring as Nately in the movie version of Catch-22. This increasingly frustrated Simon when Garfunkel's leave interfered with the recording of the duo's next album, and it didn't help that Simon's part in the film had been cut before filming actually began. The duo's deteriorating personal relationship continued into their late 1969 tour, which featured performances at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and Carbondale, Illinois, recordings of which are supposedly widely bootlegged. Video footage of the tour was shown on their controversial 30 November TV special "Songs Of America". Their long-delayed final album, Bridge Over Troubled Water, was at last released on 26 January 1970. Its title track featuring Garfunkel's soaring vocals was a massive hit and one of the best selling records of the decade, staying #1 on the charts for six full weeks and on the charts for far more thereafter. The album includes three other top twenty hits, including "El Condor Pasa", "Cecilia", and "The Boxer", as well as a live recording of the Everly Brothers' "Bye Bye Love" from Ames, Iowa, on their 1969 tour. At the subsequent March 1971 Grammy awards, the album and single were each named Album and Record of The Year, winning Grammys as well for Best Engineered Record, Song of The Year, Best Contemporary Song, and Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists. After the group split later that year, Simon went on to a very succesful solo music career and Garfunkel split his time between acting and occasional musical releases, neither to much acclaim. Their 1972 Greatest Hits album peaked at US#5. The duo has reunited off and on since then, most notably for a free concert in New York's Central Park in 1981, which attracted a crowd in excess of 500,000 people and was released on LP, CD, and video.

Records:

• Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M.
• The Sounds of Silence
• Parsley Sage Rosemary and Thyme
• The Graduate (Original Soundtrack)
• Bookends
• Bridge Over Troubled Water
• Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits
• The Concert in Central Park
• Anthologies and compilations too numerous to mention