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The IFNA's Americas region includes North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean.[1] The region covers 54 nations, of which 13 have national governing bodies.[2] Each year, the region hosts two tournaments: the CNA U16 Championship and the AFNA Senior Championship.[2] Netball is most popular in Commonwealth countries,[3] such as Antigua and Barbuda and Grenada.[4][5] As of January 2011, several teams in the region ranked amongst the top 25 in the world, including Jamaica (4th), Barbados (10th), Saint Lucia (13th), Saintt Vincent and the Grenadines (20th) and Canada (22nd).[6]

Canada

Canada has both men's and women's national teams.[7] One of the top performances of the Canadian women's team was at the 2nd World Youth Netball Championship when they came in third.[8]

United States

Netball began to take off in the United States during the 1970s.[9] The game experienced most of its early growth in the New York area.[9] Local netball associations, including Bronx Netball, Florida Netball Association, American Netball Association of New York State, Texas Netball Association, and Massachusetts State Netball League, were created to help develop and organise the game on a local level during the 1970s and 1980s.[9]

The United States of America Netball Association was created on 23 May 1992 in New York City.[9][10] IFNA quickly recognised the organisation.[9] As of 2010, the national organisation has affiliates in California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, the District of Columbia, Tennessee, Nevada, Washington, Arizona and Virginia.[10] In 1992, the United States of America Netball Association organised the first national championship to be held in the country.[9] The Americans played their first international games at the Netball World Championship in Birmingham, England in 1995, where they won their pool but ultimately finished 14th in the competition.[9] By 2003, the country was ranked 9th in the world.[11] The United States also hosted the 2005 World Youth Championships.[11][8] But as of January 2011, the country was unranked as its national team had not played enough test matches.[6] The team has suffered because it has to rely on immigration in order to get quality players.[9]

Jamaica

Two netball teams huddled together on an outside netball court. The court is lit by lights as it is twilight.
Netball being played in Jamaica.

Netball is the favourite women's sport in Jamaica,[12] where the game was played by 1909.[13] At the time, most of the players were at schools and teachers' training colleges.[13] As the players got older, they expanded the game by creating club sides for casual play.[13] Players were familiar with the English rules as the official Ling Association rule book was sold in the country.[14] During the 1930s, the major competition was the ISSA Cup. Seven teams competed, including Wolmer's Old Girls Association (W.O.G.A.), St. Andrew, St. Hugh's, Excelsior, Shortwood, and Lincoln. W.O.G.A. built the first hard court to play netball on in Jamaica.[13] Netball is still played at schools in Jamaica. The Queens School won Jamaica’s ISSA/Digicel All-Island High Schoolgirls Junior title in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The 2010 title came after the school beat Holmwood Technical 33–20 in the final. Denbigh School won Jamaica’s ISSA/Digicel All-Island High Schoolgirls Senior title in 2010 for the first time. They played St Hugh’s in the final, winning 24–21.[15]

Pancho Rankine, Margaret Beckford and Margarietta St. Juste created the Jamaica Netball Association in 1959. That same year, the organisation became affiliated to the West Indies Netball Board in 1959. They were subsequently invited to have a national team compete in the West Indies Tournament that was held in Montserrat in August 1959. The creation of the Jamaica Netball Association helped spur the growth of club teams and competitions being held at school, church, community, business, club, parish, and national levels. The organisation's founding also helped increase spectatorship.[13]

In 1960, a member of the All England Netball Association went to Jamaica to coach, lecture and test umpires.[16] Two years later, an English team toured the West Indies, beating Jamaica, Trinidad and the West Indies.[16] In 1967, a team representing Greater London toured Jamaica, winning all their matches on the tour.[17] In 1970, a team of British Students toured the Bahamas and Jamaica. Later that year, Jamaica's national team toured England.[18] The third World Tournament was held in Kingston, Jamaica in 1971. Teams that competed at the event included Jamaica, England and New Zealand.[18] England's record against Jamaica in international matches between 1949 and 1976 was nine wins and zero losses.[19] In 1972, an England Under 21 team toured Jamaica and beat the Jamaican Under 21 team every time they competed.[20] Jamaica's national association was involved in the protests against apartheid policies that discriminated against black South Africans. As a result of the English tour of South Africa in 1973, Jamaica banned players who participated from competing in netball matches held in Jamaica.[21] As of January 2011, the women's national team was ranked number four in the world.[6]


References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Shakespear-xii was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b International Federation of Netball Associations 2010f
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Thompson-258 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Epstein 2007, p. 8
  5. ^ Epstein 2007, p. 171
  6. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference ifna-ranking was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Tagg 2008, p. 411
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ifna-2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h United States of America Netball Association (USANA), Inc. 2010b
  10. ^ a b United States of America Netball Association (USANA), Inc. 2010
  11. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference USANA-2010a was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Zephaniah & Das 2009
  13. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference JNA-History was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ All England Netball Association 1976, p. 13
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference ifna-2010e was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b All England Netball Association 1976, p. 18
  17. ^ All England Netball Association 1976, p. 20
  18. ^ a b All England Netball Association 1976, p. 22
  19. ^ All England Netball Association 1976, p. 31
  20. ^ All England Netball Association 1976, p. 23
  21. ^ United Nations Centre Against Apartheid 1976, p. ccvii

Bibliography

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