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Steve Jobs made computers. How long will this take to get reversed?
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{{Infobox person
| name = Steve Jobs
<!-- Before changing this image, double check the talk page, as there is discussion there titled "Proposal to change infobox image"-->
| image = Steve Jobs Headshot 2010-CROP.jpg|alt=Shoulder-high portrait of smiling man in his fifties wearing a black turtle neck shirt with a day-old beard holding a phone facing the viewer in his left hand
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Jobs holding a white [[iPhone 4]] at [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] 2010
| birth_name = Steven Paul Jobs
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1955|2|24|mf=y}}<ref name="Smithsonian 1995" /><ref name="NYT obit" />
| birth_place = {{nowrap|San Francisco, California, U.S.}}<ref name="Smithsonian 1995" /><ref name="NYT obit" />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|10|5|1955|2|24|mf=y}}<ref name="NYT obit" />
| death_place = [[Palo Alto, California]], U.S.
| nationality = [[United States nationality law|American]]
| death_cause = Complications of pancreatic cancer<ref name="NYT obit" />
| occupation = Co-founder and CEO, [[Apple Inc.]]
| years_active = 1974–2011
| networth = {{gain}}$7.0&nbsp;billion (Sept. 2011)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs|title=Forbes 400 Richest Americans|work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|date=September 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
| boards = [[The Walt Disney Company]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.html|title=The Walt Disney Company and Affiliated Companies&nbsp;– Board of Directors|publisher=[[The Walt Disney Company]]|accessdate=October 2, 2009}}</ref> [[Apple, Inc.]]
| alma_mater = [[Reed College]] (one semester in 1972)
| religion = [[Buddhism]]<ref name="sjfortune">{{cite news | last = Elkind | first = Peter | title = The trouble with Steve Jobs | work = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date = March 5, 2008 | url = http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm | accessdate = March 5, 2008 }}</ref>
| spouse = [[Laurene Powell Jobs]]<br />(1991–2011, his death)
| children = 3 daughters, 1 son
| signature = Firma de Steve Jobs.svg
| signature_size = 120px
| relatives = [[Mona Simpson (novelist)|Mona Simpson]] (sister)
}}
'''Steven Paul''' "'''Steve'''" '''Jobs''' (February 24, 1955&nbsp;– October 5, 2011) was an American inventor and [[entrepreneur]]. He was co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of [[Apple Inc.]] Jobs also was co-founder and previously served as chief executive of [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]]; he became a member of the [[board of directors]] of [[the Walt Disney Company]] in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.

In the late 1970s, Jobs—along with Apple co-founder [[Steve Wozniak]], [[Mike Markkula]] and others—designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the [[Apple II series]]. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of [[PARC (company)#The GUI|Xerox PARC's]] [[computer mouse|mouse]]-driven [[graphical user interface]], which led to the creation of the [[Macintosh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/01/61730|title=Wired News: We're All Mac Users Now|work=Wired News|accessdate=September 20, 2006|last=Kahney|first=Leander|date=January 6, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/storysupplement/stevejobs/index.html|title=America's Most Admired Companies: Jobs' journey timeline|work=[[CNNMoney.com]] | accessdate=May 24, 2010}} Jobs and a team of engineers visit Xerox PARC, where they see a demo of mouse and graphical user interface</ref> After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded [[NeXT]], a [[computer platform]] development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.

In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of [[Lucasfilm|Lucasfilm Ltd]], which was spun off as [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]].<ref name="Pixar History 1986">{{cite web|url=http://www.pixar.com/companyinfo/history/1986.html|title=Pixar History&nbsp;– 1986|publisher=[[Pixar]]|accessdate=April 25, 2008}}</ref> He was credited in ''[[Toy Story]]'' (1995) as an executive producer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114709/fullcredits|work=IMDB|title="Toy Story" Credits}}</ref> He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1&nbsp;percent until its acquisition by [[The Walt Disney Company]] in 2006,<ref name="Apple 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/bios/jobs.html|title=Apple—Press Info—Bios—Steve Jobs|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|accessdate=September 20, 2006|year=2006|month=May}}{{dead link|date=October 2011}}</ref> making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven&nbsp;percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.<ref name="DisneyBuysPixar" /><ref name="Disney">{{cite web|url=http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html|title=The Walt Disney Company—Steve Jobs Biography}}<br /> {{cite news|accessdate=January 17, 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html|title=Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4&nbsp;Billion Deal |work=The New York Times | first=Laura M. | last=Holson | date=January 25, 2006}}<br /> {{cite news|accessdate=January 17, 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html|title=Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney|work=[[The New York Times]] | agency=[[Associated Press]] | date=May 6, 2006}}</ref> Apple's 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and he served as its interim CEO from 1997, then becoming permanent CEO from 2000, onwards.<ref name="DNA200905">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_what-steve-jobs-did-when-he-was-fired-from-apple_1254757|title=What Steve Jobs did when he was fired from Apple|work=[[DNA (newspaper)]]|author=Vivek Kaul|date=May 11, 2009}}</ref> After resigning as CEO in August 2011, Jobs was elected chairman of Apple's board of directors and held that title until his death.

On October 5, 2011, Jobs died in California at age 56, seven years after being diagnosed with [[pancreatic cancer]].<ref name="NYT obit" /><ref name="AppleStatement">{{cite press release|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html|title=Statement by Apple's Board of Directors|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=October 5, 2011|accessdate=October 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/oct/06/steve-jobs-apple-cofounder-dies|work=The Guardian |location=UK|www.guardian.co.uk]] |title=Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder, dies at 56|date=October 6, 2011|first=Dominic |last=Rushe}}</ref> On his death he was widely described as a visionary, pioneer and genius—perhaps one of the foremost—in the field of business, innovation, and product design, and a man who had profoundly changed the face of the modern world, revolutionized at least six different industries, and who was an "exemplar for all chief executives". His death was widely mourned and considered a loss to the world by commentators across the globe.

==Early years==
Jobs was born in San Francisco to Joanne Carole Schieble (later Simpson), an American of [[Swiss American|Swiss]] and [[German American|German]] ancestry,<ref>{{cite news| last = Sadeghi | first = Shirin | title = Steve Jobs Was an Arab American | work=[[New America Media]] | date = October 5, 2011 | url = http://newamericamedia.org/2011/10/steve-jobs-was-an-arab-american.php | accessdate =October 6, 2011}}</ref> and Abdulfattah John Jandali, a [[Syria]]n, both graduate students.<ref>{{cite book|last=Klooster|first=John W.|title=Icons of invention: the makers of the modern world from Gutenberg to Gates|page=549|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2009|isbn=9780313347450}}</ref> Jobs was placed for adoption after Schieble's father opposed their marriage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Saigol|first=Lisa|title='The wrong Syrian died'|url=blogs.ft.com/the-world/2011/10/the-wrong-syrian-died/|date=October 7, 2011|accessdate=October 9, 2011}}</ref> Schieble became a [[speech language pathologist]]<ref name="NYTimes_19970112" /> while Jandali taught political science at several colleges. He is currently vice president of Boomtown Hotel Casino in [[Reno, Nevada]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rgj.com/article/20111005/NEWS/111005069/Steve-Jobs-biological-father-who-lives-Reno-declines-comment-estranged-son-s-death|location=Reno, Nevada | title=Steve Jobs' biological father, who lives in Reno, declines to comment on estranged son's death| date=October 5, 2011 |work=Reno Gazette-Register | first=Frank X, | last=Mullen Jr.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/jan/29/citynews.apple |location=London | title=The non-stop revolutionary | date=January 29, 2006 |work=The Guardian | first=David | last=Smith}}</ref> Schieble and Jandali married in December 1955 four months after her father died and ten months after giving up their baby boy. Their daughter, Jobs's biological sister, novelist [[Mona Simpson (novelist)|Mona Simpson]] was born in 1957. Schieble and Jandali divorced in 1962. The siblings first met in 1984, and kept their relationship a secret until 1986.<ref name="NYTimes_19970112" /> They enjoyed a close adult relationship, with Jobs regularly visiting Simpson in Manhattan. From Simpson, Jobs learned more about their birth parents and he invited his biological mother Joanne to some events.<ref name="bio sister">Alan Deutschman, Richard Siklos, Heather Halberstadt, John Brodie, Duff McDonald, Craig Offman and Richard Rushfield, [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-138671839/new-establishment-2005-50.html "The New Establishment 2005: The 50 Most Powerful Leaders of the Information Age"], ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', October 1, 2005.</ref><ref name="sjfortune" /> Jandali's attempts to contact Jobs were unsuccessful;<ref>{{cite news |title=Steve Jobs Kept Private Life Closely Guarded Secret |author=Colleen Curry |work=[[ABC News]] |date=October 6, 2011 |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/steve-jobs-estranged-father-phone-call-wanted/story?id=14678496 |accessdate=October 8, 2011}}</ref> Interviewed in August 2011 when Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, Jandali said, "I just wish I hadn't been the selfish man I must have been, to allow both my children to turn their backs on me and pray it is not too late to tell Steve how I feel."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/3778186/First-chat-with-Apple-tycoons-dad.html|title=First chat with Apple tycoon's dad|publisher=The Sun|date=August 27, 2011|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://img.ibtimes.com/www/articles/20111006/226008_steve-jobs-death-2011-stevejobs-pancreatic-cancer-biological-father-syrian-reactions-how-did-steve-j.htm |first=Amrutha |last=Gayathri |title=Steve Jobs' Biological Father: No Comment on Estranged Son's Death |publisher=International Business Times |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref>

Jobs was adopted by the family of Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian) who moved to [[Mountain View, California]] when he was five years old.<ref name="Smithsonian 1995">{{cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/sj1.html|title=Smithsonian Oral and Video Histories: Steve Jobs|work=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|accessdate=September 20, 2006|date=April 20, 1995}}</ref><ref name="NYT obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html| title=Steven P. Jobs, 1955-2011: Apple's Visionary Redefined Digital Age|work= [[The New York Times]] |date=October 5, 2011}}</ref> Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul Jobs, a machinist for a company that made lasers, taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands.<ref name="Smithsonian 1995"/> His adoptive mother was an accountant.<ref name="NYTimes_19970112">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/12/magazine/creating-jobs.html | title=Creating Jobs | first=Steve | last=Lohr | date=January 12, 1997 | accessdate=October 27, 2007 | work = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Asked in a 1995 interview what he wanted to pass on to his children, Jobs replied, "Just to try to be as good a father to them as my father was to me. I think about that every day of my life." When asked about his "adoptive parents," Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs "were my parents." <ref name="NYTimes_19970112" />

[[File:Steve Jobs WWDC07.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Steve Jobs at the [[World Wide Developers Conference|WWDC]] 07|alt=Waist-high portrait of man in his fifties wearing a black turtle-neck shirt and blue jeans, gesturing in front of a blue curtain]]
Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High and [[Homestead High School (California)|Homestead High School]] in [[Cupertino, California]].<ref name="NYT obit" /> He frequented after-school lectures at the [[Hewlett-Packard Company]] in [[Palo Alto, California]], and was later hired there, working with [[Steve Wozniak]] as a summer employee.<ref name="applemuseum">{{cite web|title=Biography: Steve Jobs|publisher=The Apple Museum|url=http://www.theapplemuseum.com/index.php?id=49|accessdate=May 18, 2006}}</ref> Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at [[Reed College]] in [[Portland, Oregon]]. Although he dropped out after only one semester,<ref name="guardian2004">{{cite news|first=Duncan|last=Campbell|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,11710,1241745,00.html|title=The Guardian Profile: Steve Jobs|work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=June 8, 2004|accessdate=March 31, 2006 }}</ref> he continued [[academic audit|auditing]] classes at Reed, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] temple.<ref name="commencement">{{cite news|url=http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505.html|title='You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says. This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.|work=Stanford Report|date=June 14, 2005|accessdate=March 31, 2006}} "I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me".</ref> Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single [[calligraphy]] course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple [[typeface]]s or proportionally spaced fonts."<ref name="commencement" />

In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at [[Atari, Inc.]],<ref name="NYT obit" /> a manufacturer of [[computer and video games|video games]], with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to [[India]].{{cn|date=October 2011}}

Jobs then traveled to India to visit [[Neem Karoli Baba]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley.html |title=Il santone della Silicon Valley che ha conquistato i tecno-boss |publisher=Repubblica.it |date=June 9, 2008 |accessdate=August 30, 2011 | language = Italian }}</ref> at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, the first Apple employee), [[Daniel Kottke]], in search of spiritual enlightenment. He came back a [[Buddhist]] with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing.<ref name="Andrews ">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html|title=Steve Jobs, Apple's iGod: Profile|last=Andrews |first=Amanda|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |accessdate=October 29, 2009 | date=January 14, 2009}}</ref><ref name="scotsman">{{cite news|url=http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Steve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp|title=Steve Jobs profile: Apple's hard core|publisher=News scotsman|accessdate=October 29, 2009|location=Edinburgh|date=January 11, 2009}}</ref> During this time, Jobs experimented with [[psychedelic drug|psychedelics]], calling his [[LSD]] experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life".<ref name="Markoff2005">{{cite book|author=John Markoff | authorlink = John Markoff |title=What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT21|accessdate=October 5, 2011|year=2005|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-303676-0|page=preface xix}}</ref> He later said that people around him who did not share his [[Counterculture|countercultural]] roots could not fully relate to his thinking.<ref name="Markoff2005" />

Jobs returned to Atari and was given the task of creating a [[circuit board]] for the game ''[[Breakout (arcade game)|Breakout]]''. According to Atari co-founder [[Nolan Bushnell]], Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest in or knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the offered $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350.<ref name="breakout">[http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html ''Letters&nbsp;– General Questions Answered''], Woz.org<br />[[Steve Wozniak|Wozniak, Steven]]: "[[iWoz]]", a: pages 147–148, b: page 180. [[W. W. Norton]], 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7<br /> Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pages 71–73. Three Rivers, 2001. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4<br /> {{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=3397 |title=Breakout |publisher=Arcade History |date=June 25, 2002 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395 |title=Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout |publisher=Classicgaming.gamespy.com |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref>

Jobs began attending meetings of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]] with Wozniak in 1975.<ref name="NYT obit" />

According to New York Times Op-Ed contributor Christopher Bonanos, Jobs greatly admired [[Edwin H. Land]], the inventor of instant photography and founder of [[Polaroid Corporation]], and explicitly modeled his career after him.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bonanos, Christopher|title=The Man Who Inspired Jobs|date=October 7, 2011|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/07/opinion/the-man-who-inspired-jobs.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 9, 2011}}</ref>

==Career==
===Apple Computer===
{{See also|History of Apple}}
In 1976, Jobs, [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Ronald Wayne]] founded Apple,<ref name="Wayne01">{{cite news|url=http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm|title=Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc.|work=The Denver Post|author=Owen W. Linzmayer, No Starch Press}}</ref> with later funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer [[Mike Markkula|A.C. "Mike" Markkula Jr.]].<ref name="Markkula1997">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html|title=An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil|date=September 1, 1997|work=The New York Times |first=John | last=Markoff | authorlink = John Markoff | accessdate=August 24, 2011}}</ref> Prior to co-founding Apple, Wozniak was an electronics hacker. Jobs and Wozniak met in 1971, when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, introduced 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. Friends for several years, Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in assembling a computer and selling it.<ref name=esquire>{{cite news|last=Nocera|first=Joseph|title=The Second Coming of Steven Jobs|url=http://www.esquire.com/print-this/second-coming-of-steve-jobs-1286?page=all|accessdate=October 7, 2011|newspaper=Esquire|date=December 1986|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62GXQs4nC|archivedate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> As Apple continued to expand, the company began looking for an experienced executive to help manage its expansion.

[[File:Steve Jobs and Bill Gates (522695099).jpg|thumb|left|Steve Jobs and [[Bill Gates]] at the fifth {{nowrap|''D: All Things Digital''}} conference (''D5'') in 2007|alt=Two men in their fifties shown full length sitting in red leather chairs smiling at each other]]

In 1978, Apple recruited [[Michael Scott (Apple)|Mike Scott]] from [[National Semiconductor]] to serve as CEO for what turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Jobs lured [[John Sculley]] away from [[Pepsi-Cola]] to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world?"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actsweb.org/articles/article.php?i=1160&d=2&c=6|title=His Opportunity to Change the World}}</ref> Apple president [[Mike Markkula]] also wanted to retire and believed that Jobs lacked the discipline and temperament needed to run Apple on a daily basis and that Sculley's conventional business background and recent successes would give a more favorable image.{{cn|date=October 2011}}

The following year, Apple aired a [[Super Bowl]] television commercial titled "[[1984 (television commercial)|1984]]". At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the [[Macintosh]] to a wildly enthusiastic audience; [[Andy Hertzfeld]] described the scene as "pandemonium".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt|title=The Times They Are A-Changin'|first=Andy|last=Hertzfeld|authorlink=Andy Hertzfeld|publisher=folklore.org}}</ref> The Macintosh became the first commercially successful small computer with a [[graphical user interface]].

While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that time described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. An industry-wide sales slump towards the end of 1984, caused a deterioration in Jobs's working relationship with Sculley as well as layoffs and disappointing sales performance. An internal power struggle developed between Jobs and Sculley.<ref name="Apple Matters 1985">{{cite web |url= http://www.applematters.com/article/may-24-1989-jobs-fails-to-oust-sculley |title=May 24, 1985: Jobs Fails to Oust Sculley|first= Chris|last=Seibold |work=Apple Matters |date=2011-05-24|accessdate=October 8, 2011}}</ref> Jobs kept meetings running past midnight, sent out lengthy faxes, then called new meetings at 7 am.<ref name="lemsculley">Hormby, Thomas. [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/john-sculley-years-apple.html Growing Apple with the Macintosh: The Sculley years], ''Low End Mac'', February 22, 2006. Retrieved on March 2, 2007.</ref>

The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to "contain" Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products.{{cn|date=October 2011}} Sculley learned that Jobs - believing Sculley to be "bad for Apple" and the wrong person to lead the company - had been attempting to organize a [[boardroom coup]],<ref name="Apple Matters 1985" /> and on 24 May 1985<ref name="Apple Matters 1985" /> he called a board meeting to resolve the matter. Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties as head of the Macintosh division.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_End_Of_An_Era.txt|title=The End Of An Era|first=Andy|last=Hertzfeld|authorlink=Andy Hertzfeld|publisher=folklore.org}}</ref><ref>Steven Levy – ''Insanely Great – The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything'' – Penguin Books, 1994, 2000 – page 204.</ref> Jobs resigned from Apple 5 months later<ref name="Apple Matters 1985" /> and founded [[NeXT|NeXT Inc.]] the same year.<ref>{{cite news| last = Spector| first = G| title = Apple's Jobs Starts New Firm, Targets Education Market| work = [[PC Week]]| page = 109| date = September 24, 1985}}</ref><ref name="lemsculley" />

Jobs later claimed that being fired from Apple was the best thing that could have happened to him; "The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kopun|first=Francine|title=Life lessons from Jobs|url=http://www.thestar.com/business/companies/apple/article/1044907--life-lessons-from-jobs|newspaper=The Star|date=Aug 25, 2011|location=Toronto}}</ref>

===NeXT Computer===
{{See also|NeXT}}
[[File:First Web Server.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.9|The [[NeXT Computer|NeXT]] used by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] at [[CERN]] that became the first server in the [[World Wide Web]].|alt=Black equipment on a teal blue desk. At left a monitor and at right a cube, both with small NeXT logos and in front a keyboard that says "Propriete CERN". Resting on the keyboard is a copy of "Information Management: A Proposal", and to its right is a book, probably "Enquire Within upon Everything". A partly peeled off label on the cube says, "This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!"]]
After leaving Apple, Jobs founded [[NeXT|NeXT Computer]] in 1985, with $7&nbsp;million. A year later, Jobs was running out of money, and with no product on the horizon, he appealed for venture capital. Eventually, he attracted the attention of billionaire [[Ross Perot]] who invested heavily in the company.<ref name="Linzmayer04"/> NeXT workstations were first released in 1990, priced at $9,999. Like the [[Apple Lisa]], the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced, but was largely dismissed as cost-prohibitive by the educational sector for which it was designed.<ref>Rose, F. (2009, April 23). [http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/08/the-end-of-inno/ The End of Innocence at Apple: What Happened After Steve Jobs was Fired]. ''Wired''.</ref> The NeXT workstation was known for its technical strengths, chief among them its [[object-oriented]] software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the financial, scientific, and academic community, highlighting its innovative, experimental new technologies, such as the [[Mach kernel]], the [[digital signal processor]] chip, and the built-in [[Ethernet]] port.

The revised, second-generation [[NeXTcube]] was released in 1990, also. Jobs touted it as the first "interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative [[NeXTMail]] multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionise human communications and groupwork", Jobs told reporters.<ref>''Computimes''. (May 31, 1990). [http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YK5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008%2C4314860 Interpersonal computing—the third revolution?]. ''New Straits Times''. (230), 20; Schlender, B. R., Alpert, M. (1990, February 12). [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/12/73067/index.htm Who's ahead in the computer wars]. ''Fortune''.</ref> Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case.<ref>Stross, R. E. (1993). ''Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing''. Atheneum. ISBN 0689121350. pp. 117, 120, 246.</ref> This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of [[NeXTSTEP]]/[[Intel]].<ref name="OGrady">O'Grady, J. (2008). ''Apple Inc.'' Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313362440.</ref> The company reported its first profit of $1.03&nbsp;million in 1994.<ref name="Linzmayer04">Linzmayer, O. W. (2004). ''Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company. No Starch Press. ISBN 1593270100.</ref> In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released [[WebObjects]], a framework for web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the [[Apple Store]],<ref name="OGrady"/> [[MobileMe]] services, and the [[iTunes Store]].

===Pixar and Disney===
[[File:Steve Jobs.jpg|thumb|upleft|Jobs at the 2008 [[Macworld Conference & Expo]]|alt=Crotch-high portrait of man in his fifties wearing blue jeans and a black turtleneck shirt, carrying an open laptop computer in his right hand, large Apple logo cut off behind him]]
In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed [[Pixar]]) from [[Lucasfilm]]'s computer graphics division for the price of $10&nbsp;million, $5&nbsp;million of which was given to the company as capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alvyray.com/Pixar/ |title=Pixar Founding Documents |publisher=Alvyray.com |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref>

The new company, which was originally based at [[Lucasfilm]]'s Kerner Studios in [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], California, but has since relocated to [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]], California, was initially intended to be a high-end graphics hardware developer. After years of unprofitability selling the [[Pixar Image Computer]], it contracted with Disney to produce a number of computer-animated feature films that Disney would co-finance and distribute.

The first film produced by the partnership, ''[[Toy Story]]'', brought fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next 15 years, under Pixar's creative chief [[John Lasseter]], the company produced box-office hits ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998); ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' (1999); ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' (2001); ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' (2003); ''[[The Incredibles]]'' (2004); ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' (2006); [[Ratatouille (film)|''Ratatouille'']] (2007); ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008); ''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'' (2009); and ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' (2010). ''Finding Nemo'', ''The Incredibles'', ''Ratatouille'', ''WALL-E'', ''Up'' and ''Toy Story 3'' each received the [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]], an award introduced in 2001.
[[File:Steve Jobs on computer graphics - Interview excerpt from 1995.ogg|thumb|Steve Jobs on computer graphics. Interview excerpt from 1995.<ref>Interview conducted by Maximilian Schönherr for German Public Radio at NeXT, March 27, 1995</ref>]]
In the years 2003, and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive [[Michael Eisner]] tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership,<ref>Wolff, Michael, [http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/04/wolff200604?currentPage=all "iPod, Therefore I am"], ''Vanity Fair'' magazine, April, 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2010.</ref> and in early 2004, Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films once its contract with Disney expired.

In October 2005, [[Bob Iger]] replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4&nbsp;billion. Once the deal closed, Jobs became [[The Walt Disney Company]]'s largest single shareholder with approximately seven&nbsp;percent of the company's stock.<ref name="DisneyBuysPixar">January 25, 2006 [http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/25disney.htm ''Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 bn''], rediff.com</ref> Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceed those of Eisner, who holds 1.7&nbsp;percent, and of Disney family member [[Roy E. Disney]], who until his 2009 death held about one&nbsp;percent of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner—especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar—accelerated Eisner's ousting. Jobs joined the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger. Jobs also helped oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses with a seat on a special six person steering committee.

===Return to Apple===
[[File:Stevejobs Macworld2005.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Jobs on stage at [[Macworld Conference & Expo]], San Francisco, January 11, 2005|alt=Full-length portrait of man about fifty wearing jeans and a black turtleneck shirt, standing in front of a dark curtain with a white Apple logo]]
{{See also|Apple Inc.#1998–2005: Return to profitability|l1="1998–2005: Return to profitability" in Apple Computer, Inc.}}

In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy [[NeXT]] for $429&nbsp;million. The deal was finalized in late 1996,<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/*/product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970207.pr.rel.next.html Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc.], ''Apple Inc.'', February 7, 1997. Retrieved on June 25, 2006.</ref> bringing Jobs back to the company he co-founded. Jobs became ''de facto'' chief after then-CEO [[Gil Amelio]] was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive in September.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Apple Formally Names Jobs as Interim Chief| work=The New York Times| location = New York| accessdate =June 27, 2011| date = September 17, 1997| url = http://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html}}</ref> In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects, such as [[Newton (platform)|Newton]], [[Cyberdog]], and [[OpenDoc]]. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html|title=The once and future Steve Jobs|date=October 11, 2000|work=[[Salon.com]]}}</ref> Jobs also changed the licensing program for [[Macintosh clones]], making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines.

With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably [[NeXTSTEP]], which evolved into [[Mac OS X]]. Under Jobs's guidance the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the [[iMac]] and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Norr| first = Henry| title = MacWorld Expo / Permanent Jobs / Apple CEO finally drops 'interim' from title| work=San Francisco Chronicle | accessdate =June 27, 2011| date = January 6, 2000| url = http://articles.sfgate.com/2000-01-06/business/17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers}}</ref> Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title 'iCEO.'<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/05/macworld.keynote/index.html|title=Jobs announces new MacOS, becomes 'iCEO'|date=January 5, 2000|publisher=CNN }}</ref>

The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the [[iPod]] portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the [[iTunes Store]], the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the [[iPhone]], a [[multi-touch]] display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While stimulating innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship",{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} by which he meant that delivering working products on time is as important as innovation and attractive design.

[[File:Steve and Walt.jpg|thumb|Jobs speaking with journalist [[Walt Mossberg]] at the [[All Things Digital]] conference in 2007.]]

Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "[[reality distortion field]]" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as "[[Stevenote]]s") at [[Macworld Conference & Expo|Macworld Expos]] and at [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]]s.

In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for [[e-waste]] in the U.S. by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's Annual Meeting in Cupertino in April. A few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The [[Computer recycling#Takeback|Computer TakeBack Campaign]] responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker.<ref name="commencement" /> The banner read "Steve—Don't be a mini-player recycle all e-waste". In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any U.S. customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1952356,00.asp|title=Apple Improves Recycling Plan|date=April 21, 2006|work=[[PC Magazine]]}}</ref>

===Resignation===
In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, but remained at the company as chairman of the company's board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-resigns-from-apple/ |title=Steve Jobs Resigns As CEO Of Apple |author=Siegler, MG |work=TechCrunch |accessdate=August 25, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta |first=Poornima |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824 |title=Steve Jobs Quits |agency=Reuters |date=August 18, 2011 |accessdate=August 25, 2011}}</ref> Hours after the announcement, Apple Inc. (AAPL) shares dropped five&nbsp;percent in after-hour trading.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=AAPL |title=AAPL: Summary for Apple Inc.- Yahoo! Finance |publisher=Finance.yahoo.com |date=January 2, 2007 |accessdate=August 25, 2011}}</ref> The relatively small drop, when considering the importance of Jobs to Apple, was associated with the fact that Jobs's health had been in the news for several years, and he was on medical leave since January 2011.<ref name=wsj>{{cite news |accessdate=August 25, 2011 |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2011/08/24/apples-stock-looks-like-jobss-departure-was-priced-in/ |title=Apple's Stock: Looks Like Jobs's Departure Was Priced In |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 24, 2011 |author=Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer }}</ref> It was believed, according to ''[[Forbes]]'', that the impact would be felt in a negative way beyond Apple, including at [[The Walt Disney Company]] where Jobs served as director.<ref>{{cite news|author=Steve Schaefer |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-steps-down-apple-shares-drop-5-after-hours/ |title=Forbes |work=Forbes |date=July 26, 2011 |accessdate=August 25, 2011}}</ref> In after-hour trading on the day of the announcement, Walt Disney Co. (DIS) shares dropped 1.5&nbsp;percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=DIS&ql=0 |title=DIS: Summary for Walt Disney Company (The) Commo- Yahoo! Finance |publisher=Finance.yahoo.com |accessdate=August 25, 2011}}</ref>

==Business life==
===Wealth===
Even though Jobs earned only $1 a year as CEO of Apple,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finance.ninemsn.com.au/executivesuite/insight/157553/executive-salaries-on-the-rise-again.slideshow|title=Executive salaries on the rise again|work=Slideshow|publisher=[[NineMSN]]|page=5|accessdate=May 11, 2011}}</ref> he held 5.426&nbsp;million Apple shares, as well as 138 million shares in Disney (which he received in exchange for Disney's acquisition of Pixar).<ref>[http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2009/10/21/steve-jobs-is-282-million-richer/ "Steve Jobs is $300&nbsp;million richer"]. ''Fortune''. Retrieved June 10, 2010.</ref> Jobs quipped that the $1 per annum he was paid by Apple was based on attending one meeting for 50 cents while the other 50 cents was based on his performance.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.tecca.com/news/2011/10/05/8-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-life-of-steve-jobs/ |title = 8 things you didn't know about the life of Steve Jobs |date = October 6, 2011 |first = Taylor |last = Hatmaker |accessdate = October 6, 2011 |magazine = Tecca }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' estimated his net wealth at $8.3&nbsp;billion in 2010, making him the 42nd wealthiest American.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs "The 400 Richest Americans 2009"]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved September 5, 2011.</ref>

===Stock options backdating issue===
In 2001, Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5&nbsp;million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30. It was alleged that the options had been [[backdating|backdated]], and that the exercise price should have been $21.10. It was further alleged that Jobs had thereby incurred taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report, and that Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. As a result, Jobs potentially faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. The case is the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/finance/story.html?id=e23e0409-6b23-4176-83b6-b42012dd79fd&k=88694|title=New questions raised about Steve Jobs's role in Apple stock options scandal|date=December 28, 2006}}</ref> though an independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196800077|title=Apple restates, acknowledges faked documents|accessdate=January 1, 2007|date=December 29, 2006|work=[[EE Times]]}}</ref> On July 1, 2008, a $7&nbsp;billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple Board of Directors for revenue lost due to the alleged securities fraud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/Group+Wants+7B+USD+From+Apple+Steve+Jobs+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud+/article12258.htm|title=Group Wants $7B USD From Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives Over Securities Fraud}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/legal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208802018|title=Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives, Board, Sued For Securities Fraud}}</ref>

===Management style===
[[File:Medvedev and Steve Jobs.jpg|thumb|Jobs demonstrating the [[iPhone 4]] to [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Dmitry Medvedev]] on June 23, 2010|alt=Shoulder-high portrait of two middle aged men, the one on left wearing a blue dress shirt and suitcoat, the one on right wearing a black turtleneck shirt and with his glasses pushed back onto his head and holding a phone facing them with an Apple logo visible on its back]]

Jobs was a demanding perfectionist<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/worldviews/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-legacy-to-democracy/ Steve Jobs' Legacy To Democracy – Forbes<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2011/s3334132.htm 7.30 – ABC<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2011/s3334178.htm Lateline – 06/10/2011: Visionary Steve Jobs succumbs to cancer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> who always aspired to position his businesses and their products at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in innovation and style. He summed up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the [[Macworld Conference & Expo#2007|Macworld Conference and Expo]] in January 2007, by quoting ice hockey player [[Wayne Gretzky]]:
<blockquote>There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And we always will.<ref>{{cite web |title=JOBS MACWORLD 07 |publisher=blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com |year=2007 |url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/09/live-from-macworld-2007-steve-jobs-keynote/|accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref></blockquote>

Much was made of Jobs's aggressive and demanding personality. ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' wrote that he was "considered one of Silicon Valley's leading [[egotism|egomaniacs]]".<ref name="egomaniac">{{cite news |last=Colvin |first=Geoff |title=Steve Jobs's Bad Bet |publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 19, 2007 |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/03/19/8402325/index.htm |accessdate=February 23, 2011}}</ref> Commentaries on his temperamental style can be found in [[Michael Moritz|Mike Moritz]]'s ''[[The Little Kingdom]]'',''[[The Second Coming of Steve Jobs]],'' by Alan Deutschman; and ''[[iCon: Steve Jobs]]'', by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon. In 1993, Jobs made ''Fortune''{{'}}s list of America's Toughest Bosses in regard to his leadership of NeXT. Cofounder Dan'l Lewin was quoted in ''Fortune'' as saying of that period, "The highs were unbelievable ... But the lows were unimaginable", to which Jobs's office replied that his personality had changed since then.<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1993/10/18/78470/ |publisher=CNN | first=Brian | last=Dumaine | title=America's Toughest Bosses | journal=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=October 18, 1993}}</ref>

In 2005, Jobs banned all books published by [[John Wiley & Sons]] from [[Apple Store]]s in response to their publishing an unauthorized biography, ''[[iCon: Steve Jobs]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Steve Jobs's Review of His Biography: Ban It |last=Hafner |first=Katie |work=The New York Times |date=April 30, 2005 |page=Technology |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/30/technology/30apple.html |accessdate=October 16, 2006}}</ref> In its 2010 annual earnings report, Wiley said it had "closed a deal ... to make its titles available for the iPad."<ref>{{cite news |last=Weinman |first=Sarah |title=Education Publisher John Wiley & Sons Closes Fiscal Year on a Strong Note |work=DailyFinance |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 17, 2010 |url= http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/company-news/education-publisher-john-wiley-and-sons-closes-fiscal-year-on-a-st/19520334/?icid=sphere_copyright |accessdate=September 3, 2010}}</ref> [[Jef Raskin]], a former colleague, once said that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of France," alluding to Jobs's compelling and larger-than-life persona.<ref>{{cite news |last=Appleyard |first=Bryan |title=Steve Jobs: The man who polished Apple |page=2 |work=The Times |location=UK|work=The Sunday Times |location=UK |date=August 16, 2009 |url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article6797859.ece |accessdate=February 23, 2011}}</ref> [[Floyd Norman]] said that at Pixar, Jobs was a "mature, mellow individual" and never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers.<ref>{{cite news|author=[[Floyd Norman]]|title=
Steve Jobs: A Tough Act to Follow |publisher=Jim Hill Media |date=January 19, 2009 |url=http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/floyd_norman/archive/2009/01/19/steve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx |accessdate=January 19, 2009}}</ref>

Jobs had a public war of words with [[Dell, Inc.|Dell Computer]] CEO [[Michael Dell]], starting{{when|date=October 2011|reason=Too vague. Even the cited source only says Jobs "was quoted previously saying that", which could mean October 5, 1997 or some time in 1989 or whatever.}} when Jobs first criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes".<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-10787_3-9940589-60.html "If Apple can go home again, why not Dell?"] CNET News. May 19, 2008.</ref> On October 6, 1997, in a [[Gartner]] Symposium, when Michael Dell was asked what he would do if he owned then-troubled Apple Computer, he said "I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com/Dell-Apple-should-close-shop/2100-1001_3-203937.html|publisher=[[CNET]]|title=Dell: Apple should close shop}}</ref> In 2006, Jobs sent an email to all employees when Apple's [[market capitalization]] rose above Dell's. The email read:
<blockquote>Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/technology/16apple.html|work=The New York Times|title=Michael Dell Should Eat His Words, Apple Chief Suggests | first=John | last=Markoff | authorlink = John Markoff | date=January 16, 2006 | accessdate=May 24, 2010}}</ref></blockquote>

===Inventions===
{{As of|2011|October|9|df=US}}, Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 342 US patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages.<ref name="Patents registry database 1">{{cite web|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=jobs&FIELD1=INNM&co1=AND&TERM2=apple&FIELD2=ASNM&d=PTXT|title=U.S. Government patent database|accessdate=August 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Patents registry database 2">{{cite web|url=http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=jobs&FIELD1=IN&co1=AND&TERM2=apple&FIELD2=AS&d=PG01|title=U.S. Government patent application database|accessdate=August 29, 2011}}</ref>

===Philanthropy===
Arik Hesseldahl of ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' magazine stated that "Jobs isn't widely known for his association with philanthropic causes", compared to [[Bill Gates]]' efforts.<ref>[[Arik Hesseldahl]]. [http://www.businessweek.com/technology/ByteOfTheApple/blog/archives/2008/08/thoughts_on_the_1.html "Thoughts On The Steve Jobs Legacy"]. ''Bloomberg Businessweek''. August 29, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2010.</ref> Jobs said he does charitable acts privately<ref>[http://www.redmondpie.com/steve-jobs-interview-in-playboy-1985/ "Interview to Playboy magazine"] ''Playboy''. February, 1985. Retrieved October 9, 2011.</ref>. After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate philanthropy programs.<ref name="sjfortune" /> Yet the programs were reinstalled shortly<ref>[http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=273603 "Official Apple response"] November 27, 2003. Retrieved October 9, 2011.</ref>. Under Jobs, Apple signed to participate in [[Product Red]] program, producing red versions of devices to give profits from sales to charity. Apple became the single largest contributor since then. The chief of the Product Red project, singer [[Bono]], cited Jobs saying there was “nothing better than the chance to save lives,” when he initially approached Apple with the invitation to participate in the program.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-02/u2-s-bono-defends-jobs-after-criticism-about-his-philanthropy.html "Bono Defends Steve Jobs After Criticism About Apple Ex-CEO’s Philanthropy"] September 2, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2011.</ref>.

==Personal life==
Jobs married [[Laurene Powell]] on March 18, 1991. Presiding over the wedding was the [[Zen|Zen Buddhist]] monk [[Kobun Chino Otogawa]].<ref name="sjfortune" /> The couple had a son and two daughters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/43479628?slide=9 |title=Slideshow from CNBC |publisher=CNBC |accessdate=July 3, 2011}}</ref> Jobs also had a daughter, [[Lisa Brennan-Jobs]] (born 1978), from his relationship with Bay Area painter Chrisann Brennan.<ref name="sjfortune" /> For two years, she raised their daughter on welfare when Jobs denied paternity by claiming he was sterile; he later acknowledged Lisa as his daughter.<ref name="sjfortune" />

In the unauthorized biography, ''[[The Second Coming of Steve Jobs]],'' author Alan Deutschman reports that Jobs once dated [[Joan Baez]]. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs from his time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez in large measure because Baez had been the lover of [[Bob Dylan]]" (Dylan was the Apple icon's favorite musician). The biography also notes that Jobs went out with actress [[Diane Keaton]] briefly.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} <!-- Please find another source, the yahoo ones disappear rather quickly --> In another unauthorized biography, ''[[iCon: Steve Jobs]]'' by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon, the authors suggest that Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it was unlikely the couple could have children.

Jobs was also a fan of [[The Beatles]]. He referred to them on multiple occasions at Keynotes and also was interviewed on a showing of a [[Paul McCartney]] concert. When asked about his [[business model]] on ''[[60 Minutes]]'', he replied:

<blockquote>My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts. Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cnettv.cnet.com/60-minutes-steve-jobs/9742-1_53-50004696.html |title=Videos – Free video downloads and streaming video – CNET TV |publisher=Cnettv.cnet.com |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref></blockquote>

In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in [[The San Remo]], an apartment building in New York City with a politically progressive reputation, where [[Demi Moore]], [[Steven Spielberg]], [[Steve Martin]], and Princess [[Yasmin Aga Khan]], daughter of [[Rita Hayworth]], also had apartments. With the help of [[I.M. Pei]], Jobs spent years renovating his apartment in the top two floors of the building's north tower, only to sell it almost two decades later to [[U2]] singer [[Bono (U2)|Bono]]. Jobs never moved in.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|date=December 28, 1987|last=Morgenson|first=Gretchen|title=At home with Steve Jobs}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Tallant|first=Nicola|title=Bono's E11.5M 'Bargain Buy'|date=May 1, 2005|work=[[The Sunday People]] | url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/BONO'S+E11.5M+'BARGAIN'+BUY.-a0132030469 }}</ref>

In 1984, Jobs purchased a {{convert|17000|sqft|m2|sing=on}}, 14-bedroom [[Spanish Colonial]] mansion, designed by [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]], in [[Woodside, California]] (also known as [[Jackling House]]). Although it reportedly remained in an almost unfurnished state, Jobs lived in the mansion for almost ten years. According to reports, he kept an old [[BMW]] motorcycle in the living room, and let [[Bill Clinton]] use it in 1998. From the early 1990s, Jobs lived in a house in the Old Palo Alto neighborhood of Palo Alto. President Clinton dined with Jobs and 14 Silicon Valley CEOs there on August 7, 1996, at a meal catered by [[Greens Restaurant]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Mitchell, Alison|title=Building a Bulging War Chest: How Clinton Financed His Run|date=December 27, 1996|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/27/us/building-a-bulging-war-chest-how-clinton-financed-his-run.html |work=[[The New York Times]]| date = December 27, 1996 |accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Gauvin, Peter and Arrington, Vanessa|date=August 9, 1996|title=Waverley Street: Clinton stops by Palo Alto for dinner|publisher=Palo Alto Online}}</ref> Clinton returned the favor and Jobs, who was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] donor, slept in the Lincoln bedroom of the [[White House]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Kahney, Leander|title=Jobs for President? Not This Time|date=January 27, 2003|url=http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2003/01/57403|work=Wired|publisher=Condé Nast|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref>

Jobs allowed Jackling House to fall into a state of disrepair, planning to demolish the house and build a smaller home on the property; but he met with complaints from local preservationists over his plans. In June 2004, the Woodside Town Council gave Jobs approval to demolish the mansion, on the condition that he advertise the property for a year to see if someone would move it to another location and restore it. A number of people expressed interest, including several with experience in restoring old property, but no agreements to that effect were reached. Later that same year, a local preservationist group began seeking legal action to prevent demolition. In January 2007, Jobs was denied the right to demolish the property, by a court decision.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/01/10/BAGFNNGE216.DTL |work=San Francisco Chronicle|title=Appeals court says Jobs can't raze Woodside mansion | first=Bob | last=Egelko | date=January 10, 2007}}</ref> The court decision was overturned on appeal in March 2010, and the mansion was demolished beginning February 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/peninsula/ci_17399002?nclick_check=1 |work=[[Mercury News]] |title=Demolition begins on Steve Jobs's Woodside Mansion | first=Diana | last=Samuels | date=February 16, 2011}}{{dead link|date=October 2011}}</ref>

Jobs usually wore a black long-sleeved [[mock turtleneck]] made by [[St. Croix (clothing)|St. Croix]], [[Levi's]] 501 blue jeans, and [[New Balance|New Balance 991]] sneakers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/pcs/wear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php |title=Wear the Exact Outfit of Steve Jobs for $458 |publisher=Gizmodo.com |date=February 28, 2006 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> He was a [[Pescetarianism|pescetarian]], one whose diet includes fish but no other meat.<ref name="Merriam-Webster (2009)">Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. ''"pescatarian."'' <nowiki>[</nowiki>Online<nowiki>]</nowiki> [[Merriam-Webster|Merriam Webster, Inc]]. Available at [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pescatarian http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pescatarian] <nowiki>[</nowiki>Accessed July 17, 2009<nowiki>]</nowiki></ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 9, 2006|accessdate=June 23, 2010|publisher=[[ZDNet]]|title=Jobs gets out of the Happy Meal business|url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/Apple/?p=192|quote= ... Jobs, who is a pescetarian (neither vegetarian nor vegan as is often reported), ...}}</ref>

His car was a silver 2008 Mercedes SL 55 AMG, which does not display its license plates.<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://celebritycar.weebly.com/steve-jobs.html
| title=What kind of car does Steve Jobs drive?
| publisher=Celebrity Car
| accessdate=August 18, 2010
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.iphonesavior.com/2008/09/steve-jobs-barc.html
| title=Steve Jobs Barcode License Plate Mystery Solved
| publisher=iPhone Savior
| first=Ray
| last=Basile
| accessdate=August 18, 2010
}}</ref>

===Health===
In mid-2004, Jobs announced to his employees that he had been diagnosed with a cancerous [[tumor]] in his [[pancreas]].<ref name="www-sfgate-MNGMJ816F41">{{cite news|title=Apple's Jobs has cancerous tumor removed|last=Evangelista|first=Benny|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=August 2, 2004|page=A1|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/08/02/MNGMJ816F41.DTL|accessdate=August 9, 2006}}</ref> The prognosis for [[pancreatic cancer]] is usually very poor;<ref>[http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers/ Steve Jobs and the Celebrity Diagnosis Complete Guide to Tumors of the Pancreas | Celebrity Diagnosis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Jobs, however, stated that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as [[islet cell carcinoma|islet cell]] [[neuroendocrine tumor]].<ref name="www-sfgate-MNGMJ816F41"/> Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for [[Evidence-based medicine|evidence-based]] medical intervention for nine months,<ref name="sjfortune" /> instead consuming a special [[Alternative Medicine|alternative medicine]] diet to thwart the disease, before eventually undergoing a [[pancreaticoduodenectomy]] (or "Whipple procedure") in July 2004, that appeared to successfully remove the tumor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/pancreatic-cancer/treatment.html |title=Pancreatic Cancer Treatment |publisher=Mayo Clinic |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Markoff|first=John | authorlink = John Markoff | title=Talk of Chief's Health Weighs on Apple's Share Price|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/technology/23apple.html |newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 23, 2008}}</ref> Jobs apparently did not require nor receive [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]].<ref name="www-sfgate-MNGMJ816F41" /><ref name="Elmer">{{cite web|last=Elmer |first=Philip |url=http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple/ |title=Steve Jobs and Whipple |work=Fortune|date=June 13, 2008 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> During Jobs's absence, [[Timothy D. Cook]], head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company.<ref name="www-sfgate-MNGMJ816F41" />

In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual [[Worldwide Developers Conference]]. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/08/71557|title=Has Steve Jobs Lost His Magic?|last=Kahney|first=Leander|publisher=Wired News|work=Cult of Mac|accessdate=August 8, 2006 | quote = Looking very thin, almost gaunt, Jobs used the 90-minute presentation to introduce a new desktop Mac and preview the next version of Apple's operating system, code-named Leopard. }}</ref><ref>"[The audience was] uninspired (and concerned) by Jobs' relatively listless delivery":{{cite news|title=Jobs speech wasn't very Jobs-like |last=Meyers |first=Michelle |url=http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-6103427-7.html |publisher=[[CNET|CNET News.com]] |work=BLOGMA |accessdate=August 8, 2006}}</ref> together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and Internet speculation about his health.<ref>{{cite news |title=Where's Jobs' Mojo? |last=Saracevic |first=Al |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=August 9, 2006 |page=C1 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/09/BUGTEKDE6M1.DTL |accessdate=August 9, 2006}}</ref> In contrast, according to an ''[[Ars Technica]]'' journal report, [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) attendees who saw Jobs in person said he "looked fine".<ref>{{cite web|title=What happened to The Steve we know and love?|url=http://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2006/8/8/4913|last=Cheng|first=Jacqui|publisher=Ars Technica|accessdate=August 8, 2006}}</ref> Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is robust."<ref>{{cite news | last = Claburn | first = Thomas | title = Steve Jobs Lives! | work=[[InformationWeek]] | date = August 11, 2006 | url = http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2006/08/steve_jobs_live.html | accessdate =October 9, 2007 }}</ref>

====2008 development====
Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs's 2008 WWDC keynote address.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/biztech/2008/06/10/steve-jobss-appearance-grabs-notice-not-just-the-iphone/ |title=Business Technology: Steve Jobs's Appearance Grabs Notice, Not Just the IPhone |work=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2011}}</ref> Apple officials stated Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and was taking antibiotics,<ref>[http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/08/06/10/apple_says_steve_jobs_feeling_a_little_under_the_weather_recently.html "Apple says Steve Jobs feeling a little under the weather"] in ''[[AppleInsider]].''</ref> while others surmised his [[cachexia|cachectic appearance]] was due to the [[Whipple procedure]].<ref name="Elmer" /> During a July conference call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Jobs's health by insisting that it was a "private matter". Others, however, voiced the opinion that shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company.<ref>[http://blog.marketingdoctor.tv/2008/07/24/brand-advisory.aspx "Steve Jobs and Apple"] Marketing Doctor Blog. July 24, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.medpagetoday.com/Blogs/24484 Steve Jobs Did Not Have 'Pancreatic Cancer' - MedPage Today Blogs - 24484<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ''The New York Times'' published an article based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, noting that "While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug,' they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/business/26nocera.html | title = Apple's Culture of Secrecy | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = July 26, 2008 | author = Joe Nocera | quote = While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug,' they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer. }}</ref>

On August 28, 2008, [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] mistakenly published a 2500-word [[obituary]] of Jobs in its corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's untimely death.) Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gawker.com/5042795/bloomberg-runs-steve-jobs-obituary |title=Steve Jobs's Obituary, As Run By Bloomberg |accessdate=August 28, 2008 |publisher=[[Gawker Media]] |date=August 27, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2638481/Steve-Jobs-obituary-published-by-Bloomberg.html |title=Steve Jobs Obituary Published By Bloomberg |accessdate=August 28, 2008 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=August 28, 2008 | first=Matthew | last=Moore}}</ref> intensifying rumors concerning Jobs's health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9825 |work=Zdnet Blogs|publisher=[[ZDnet]] |accessdate=August 29, 2008 |title=Bloomberg publishes Jobs obit but why? |date=August 28, 2008 }}</ref> Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 ''Let's Rock'' keynote by quoting [[Mark Twain]]: "Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/135466/2008/09/september.html |work=Macworld |accessdate=September 11, 2008 |title=Apple posts 'Lets Rock' event video |date=September 10, 2008}}</ref> At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading "110/70", referring to his [[blood pressure]], stating he would not address further questions about his health.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2008/10/14/live-from-apples-spotlight-turns-to-notebooks-event/ |publisher=[[Engadget]] |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |title=Live from Apple's "spotlight turns to notebooks" event |date=October 14, 2008}}</ref>

On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president [[Philip W. Schiller|Phil Schiller]] would deliver the company's final keynote address at the [[Macworld Conference and Expo]] 2009, again reviving questions about Jobs's health.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/technology/companies/17apple.html?ref=technology | work=The New York Times | title=Apple's Chief to Skip Macworld, Fueling Speculation | first=Brad | last=Stone | date=December 17, 2008 | accessdate=May 24, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gizmodo.com/5120687/steve-jobs-health-declining-rapidly-reason-for-macworld-cancellation |title=Steve Jobs' Health Declining Rapidly, Reason for Macworld Cancellation |publisher=Gizmodo |date=December 30, 2008 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> In a statement given on January 5, 2009, on [[Apple.com]],<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/05sjletter.html|title=Letter from Apple CEO Steve Jobs|date=January 5, 2009|accessdate=January 20, 2009|last=Jobs|first=Steve|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|work=[[Apple.com]]}}</ref> Jobs said that he had been suffering from a "[[hormone]] imbalance" for several months.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7811857.stm| title=Apple's Jobs admits poor health| accessdate=January 5, 2009| date=January 5, 2009|work=BBC News }}</ref> On January 14, 2009, in an internal Apple memo, Jobs wrote that in the previous week he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought" and announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009, to allow him to better focus on his health. [[Tim Cook]], who previously acted as CEO in Jobs's 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple,<ref name="absence">{{cite press release | url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/14advisory.html |title=Apple Media Advisory| accessdate=January 14, 2009| date=January 14, 2009| publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]}}</ref> with Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions."<ref name="absence" />

In April 2009, Jobs underwent a [[liver transplant]] at Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute in [[Memphis, Tennessee]].<ref name="cnntrans">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html |title=Steve Jobs recovering after liver transplant |publisher=CNN |date=June 23, 2009 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2009/06/steve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list/ Liver Transplant in Memphis: Jobs' was Sickest Patient on Waiting List | Celebrity Diagnosis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Jobs's prognosis was "excellent".<ref name="cnntrans"/>

====2011 medical leave and resignation====
On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned from his liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As during his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that [[Tim Cook]] would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.<ref name="times jan17 2011">{{cite news|title=Apple Says Steve Jobs Will Take a New Medical Leave|first=Miguel|last=Helft|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 17, 2010|accessdate=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html|title=Steve Jobs to take medical leave of absence but remain Apple CEO}}</ref> Despite the leave, he made appearances at the [[iPad 2]] launch event (March 2), the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|WWDC]] keynote introducing [[iCloud]] (June 6), and before the Cupertino city council (June 7).<ref name=UFO_HQ>{{cite web|last=Abell|first=John|title=Video: Jobs Pitches New 'Mothership' to Approving Cupertino City Council|url=http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building/|work=Epicenter|work=Wired|accessdate=June 9, 2011|date=June 8, 2011}}</ref>

Jobs announced his resignation from his role as Apple's CEO on August 24, 2011. In his resignation letter, Jobs wrote that he could "no longer meet [his] duties and expectations as Apple's CEO".<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html |title=Apple Resignation Letter |publisher=Apple Inc. |accessdate=August 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="apple-2011pr-jobs-resigns">{{cite press release | url =http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html | title = Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple | publisher=Apple Inc. | date = August 24, 2011 | accessdate =August 24, 2011 }}</ref>

==Death{{Anchor|Illness and death}}==
Jobs died at his home on October 5, 2011, due to complications from a rare form of [[pancreatic cancer]].<ref name="NYT obit" /><ref>{{cite press release| publisher=Voice of America| title = Rare Pancreatic Cancer Caused Steve Jobs' Death| accessdate = October 7, 2011| date = October 7, 2011| url = http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Rare-Pancreatic-Cancer-Caused-Steve-Jobs-Death--131317684.html}}</ref> His death was announced by Apple in a statement which read:

{{quote|We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today.<br />Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve.<br />His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts."<ref name="AppleStatement" />}}

Jobs is survived by Laurene, his wife of 20 years, their three children and by [[Lisa Brennan-Jobs]], his daughter from a previous relationship.<ref name="CNNObit">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/05/us/obit-steve-jobs/index.html|title=Steve Jobs, Apple founder, dies|publisher=CNN|last=Griggs|first=Brandon|date=October 5, 2011}}</ref> His family released a statement saying that he "died peacefully".<ref>{{cite press release| publisher=Steve Jobs' Family | title = Statement by Steve Jobs' Family| accessdate = October 6, 2011| date = October 5, 2011| url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111005006888/en/Statement-Steve-Jobs%E2%80%99-Family}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Yukari Iwatani Kane |coauthors=Geoffrey A. Fowler |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304447804576410753210811910.html |title=Steven Paul Jobs, 1955–2011: Apple Co-Founder Transformed Technology, Media, Retailing And Built One of the World's Most Valuable Companies |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 8, 2011}}</ref>

Starting October 5, 2011, Apple's corporate website greeted visitors with a simple page showing Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait. Clicking on Jobs's image led to an obituary that read "Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple."
An email address was also posted for the public to share their memories, condolences, and thoughts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Apple-website-pays-tribute-to-Steve-Jobs/articleshow/10251979.cms|title=Apple website pays tribute to Steve Jobs|work=[[The Times of India]] |location=India|accessdate=October 7, 2011|date=October 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/ |title=Remembering Steve Jobs |publisher=Apple Inc. |accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref>

A large number of newspapers carried news of his death on the front pages. Statements reacting to Jobs's death were made by several notable people, including U.S. President [[Barack Obama]],<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs |title=Statement by the President on the Passing of Steve Jobs |publisher=The White House |date=October 5, 2011}}</ref> [[Microsoft]] founder [[Bill Gates]],<ref>[http://www.thegatesnotes.com/Personal/Steve-Jobs Steve Jobs<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and [[The Walt Disney Company]]'s [[Bob Iger]]. [[Wired News]] collected reactions and posted them in tribute on their homepage.<ref>{{cite web|title=1955–2011: Steve Jobs |publisher=[[Wired News]] |date=October 6, 2011 |url=http://www.wired.com/promo/memorial/stevejobs/ }}</ref> Other statements of condolences were issued by many of Jobs' friends and colleagues, such as [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[George Lucas]].<ref name="http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-says-hell-miss-steve-jobs-as-much-as-everyone/2011/10/06/gIQAJLG8OL_story.html">{{cite news | url=http://www.therepublic.com/view/story/dd0e1abe6aa84aaa9ff6a41d227e812e/US--Obit-Jobs-Wozniak/ | title=As millions mourn Jobs' death, Apple co-founder Wozniak recalls a friend, great businessman | author = Rachel Metz | agency = [[Associated Press]] | date=October 6, 2011 | accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/16084012 | title=Industry Icons Unique Legacy | publisher=[[Sky News]] | date=October 6, 2011 | accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name="http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs/">{{cite news | url=http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs/ | title=George Lucas on Steve Jobs | author = Patricia Sellers | work = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=October 6, 2011 | accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref>

A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203388804576617200082218020.html | title = Steve Jobs Funeral Is Friday | work = [[The Wall Street Journal]] | date = October 7, 2011 | author = Ian Sherr | coauthors = Geoffrey A. Fowler }}</ref>

==Honors and public recognition==
After Apple's founding, Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. When ''Time'' named the computer as the 1982 [[Time Person of the Year|"Machine of the Year"]], the magazine published a long profile of Steve as "the most famous maestro of the micro".<ref name="cocks19830103">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,953633,00.html | title=The Updated Book of Jobs | accessdate=February 24, 2011 | author=Cocks, Jay; Michael Moritz | date=January 3, 1983 |work=Time}}</ref><ref name="golden19830103">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,953634,00.html | title=Other Maestros of the Micro | accessdate=February 24, 2011 | author=Golden, Frederic | date=January 3, 1983 |work=Time}}</ref>

Jobs was awarded the [[National Medal of Technology]] by President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1984, with [[Steve Wozniak]] (among the first people to ever receive the honor),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uspto.gov/nmti/recipients_85.html |title=The National Medal Of Technology Recipients 1985 Laureates |publisher=Uspto.gov |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> and a [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service|Jefferson Award for Public Service]] in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under" (also known as the ''Samuel S. Beard Award'') in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national |title=National Winners &#124; public service awards |publisher=Jefferson Awards.org |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by ''[[Fortune Magazine]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune/ |title=25 most powerful people in business 1. Steve Jobs |publisher=CNN |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> On December 5, 2007, [[Governor of California|California Governor]] [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] and First Lady [[Maria Shriver]] inducted Jobs into the [[California Hall of Fame]], located at [[The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts]].<ref>[http://www.californiamuseum.org/Exhibits/Hall-of-Fame/inductees.html Jobs inducted into California Hall of Fame], [[The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts|California Museum]]. Retrieved 2007.</ref>

In August 2009, Jobs was selected as the most admired [[entrepreneur]] among teenagers in a survey by [[Junior Achievement]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ja.org/files/polls/Teens-Entrepreneurship-Part-2.pdf |title=Steve Jobs bigger than Oprah! |format=PDF |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> having previously been named Entrepreneur of the Decade 20 years earlier in 1989, by ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc. magazine]]''.<ref name="Inc">{{cite web |url= http://www.inc.com/magazine/19890401/5602.html |title=The Entrepreneur of the Decade |last=Bo Burlingham and George Gendron |work=[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc. magazine]] |date=1989-04-01 |accessdate=October 8, 2011}}</ref> On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the [[CEO]] of the decade by ''Fortune Magazine''.<ref name="fortune CEO" />

In September 2011, Jobs was ranked No.17 on [[Forbes]]: The World's Most Powerful People.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs|title= The World's Most Powerful People|last=Noer |first=Michael |work=Forbes|date=November 11, 2009}}</ref> In December 2010, the ''[[Financial Times]]'' named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its essay by stating, "In his autobiography, [[John Sculley]], the former PepsiCo executive who once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product.' How wrong can you be".<ref>Richard Waters and Joseph Menn, [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f01db172-0e06-11e0-86e9-00144feabdc0.html "Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top"], ''[[Financial Times]],'' December 22, 2010. The actual text from the biography is:

{{quote|text=Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. That's why it hired a soft-drinks guy in the first place. By now, however, I knew this was a lunatic plan; our race to realize it had been a death march. Technology companies are only superficially in the same category as consumer products companies. We couldn't bend reality to all our dreams of changing the world. The world would also have to change us. Our perspective had been hopelessly wrong. High tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product. The consumer business had collapsed at the end of 1984. Most people who bought computers stuffed them in the closet because balancing a checkbook wasn't reason enough to flick on the switch. Consumers weren't ready to put computers in their homes as easily as they installed telephones, refrigerators, televisions, and even Cuisinarts. They weren't willing to pay a couple of thousand dollars for something they didn't know what to do with.|sign= John Sculley and John A. Byrne|source=''Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple—a journey of adventure, ideas and the future'', Harper & Row, 1987}}</ref>

At the time of his resignation, and again after his death, he was widely described as a visionary, pioneer and genius<ref name="suntimes 1">{{cite news |url=http://www.suntimes.com/8064619-417/steve-jobs-impact-goes-far-beyond-computers.html |title=Steve Jobs' impact goes far beyond phones, computers |first=Richard |last=Roeper |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |year=2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |quote=Steve Jobs was one of the most foremost pioneers of our time . . . he made a difference that will be felt for 560 years to come}}</ref><ref name="independent 1">{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/leading-article-the-sad-loss-of-one-of-a-kind-2366636.html|title=Leading article: The sad loss of one of a kind |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=October 6, 2011 |publisher=[[Independent News & Media|INM]] |location=London |issn=0951-9467 |oclc=185201487 |accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=Steve Jobs revolutionised no fewer than six different industries: personal computers, mobile phones, music publishing, animated films, digital publishing and tablet computing... His genius was unconfined... an exemplar for all chief executives... a visionary..."}}</ref><ref name="SA Mail & Guardian">{{cite web |url= http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-07-steve-jobs-a-genius-to-the-end/ |title=Steve Jobs: A genius to the end |first=Alastair |last=Fairweather |work=Mail & Guardian Online (South Africa) |date=October 6, 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2011 |quote=Through sheer hard work... Jobs changed the world not once but three times. His companies and products have delighted and inspired hundreds of millions.}}</ref><ref name="telegraph 1">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8810051/Apple-can-the-company-continue-the-magic-of-Steve-Jobs.html|title=Apple: can the company continue the magic of Steve Jobs? |first=Katherine |last=Rushton |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=October 6, 2011 |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group|TMG]] |location=London |issn=0307-1235|oclc=49632006 |accessdate=October 6, 2011 |quote=Steve Jobs encapsulated a rare union of technological genius and an instinctive and perfectionist eye for design... his death is a major loss to the world at large}}</ref>—perhaps one of the foremost—in the field of business,<ref name="ZDnet 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/business-of-it/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-and-the-limits-of-genius-40094125/ |title=Steve Jobs and the limits of genius|first= Rupert |last=Goodwins |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |quote=[H]e was a genius, in any way that makes sense of the word. Most particularly, it works in its original senses – a spirit, the light of the fire, a unique, primal, driving intelligence. Nobody else could do what he did, not even after 30 years of seeing him do it ... He was a visionary, a catalyst and a motivator. He saw things that nobody else could see; he made them happen... Steve Jobs was a superb technologist but a better businessman: that is his legacy"}}</ref><ref name="Time Curious Capitalist column">{{cite web |url=http://curiouscapitalist.blogs.time.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-the-businessman-can-apple-thrive-without-him/ |title=Steve Jobs the businessman: Can Apple thrive without him?|first=Michael |last=Schuman |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine (Curious Capitalist column)]] |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011 |quote=[I]n the world of business, he will also be honored as an absolutely brilliant CEO... Jobs was probably unrivaled in the world today in matching great ideas with savvy marketing and pristine execution}}</ref><ref name="fortune CEO">{{cite news|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam |url=http://money.cnn.com/2009/11/04/technology/steve_jobs_ceo_decade.fortune/index.htm/ |title=Steve Jobs: CEO of the decade |publisher=CNN |date=November 5, 2009 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> innovation,<ref name="WNCF Obama">{{cite web |url= http://www.wncftv.com/news/entertainment/?feed=bim&id=131228449 |title=Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer|first=Glen |last=Chapman |work=WNCF TV |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=US President Barack Obama paid tribute to one of America's "greatest innovators.... He transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world"}}</ref> and product design,<ref name="Wall Street Journal 1">{{cite news |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203388804576614951355580150.html?mod=googlenews_wsj |title= Steve Jobs and the Coolest Show on Earth |first= David |last=Gelernter |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 6, 2011|publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company|Dow Jones]] |location=New York |issn=0099-9660 |quote=Steve Jobs had a genius for seeing what was good and refining, repackaging and reselling it with dazzling panache. He knew what engineering was for, he understood elegance and he made machines that were works of art. |accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> and a man who had profoundly changed the face of the modern world,<ref name="suntimes 1" /><ref name="SA Mail & Guardian" /><ref name="WNCF Obama" /> revolutionized at least six different industries,<ref name="independent 1" /> and who was an "exemplar for all chief executives".<ref name="independent 1" /> His death was widely mourned<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wncftv.com/news/entertainment/?feed=bim&id=131228449 |title=Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer|first=Glen |last=Chapman |work=WNCF TV |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=Tributes flowed in from around the world ... Ordinary people, many of whom learned of his death on their iPhones and iPads, swamped Twitter using the trending [[hashtag]] #thankyousteve to pay tribute...}}</ref> and considered a loss to the world by commentators across the globe.<ref name="telegraph 1" />

After his resignation as Apple's CEO, Jobs was characterized as the [[Thomas Edison]] and [[Henry Ford]] of his time.<ref>{{cite news|author=Cain Miller, Claire|title=Where Some Earn Enmity, Jobs Won Affection|date=August 25, 2011|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/technology/jobs-rare-among-ceos-engendered-affection.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Nocera, Joe|title=What Makes Steve Jobs Great|date=August 26, 2011|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/27/opinion/nocera-what-makes-steve-jobs-great.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref> In his ''[[The Daily Show]]'' eulogy, [[Jon Stewart]] said that because of their age we kind of "wrung everything out of" Edison and Ford, but Jobs died so young that we felt, "We're not done with you yet".<ref>{{cite video|people=Jon Stewart|url=http://www.thedailyshow.com/full-episodes/thu-october-6-2011-jason-sudeikis|title=October 06, 2011 - Jason Sudeikis|date=October 6, 2011|publisher=Comedy Partners|accessdate=October 9, 2011|time=19:65}}</ref>

==Portrayals and coverage in media==

; Films and documentaries
Jobs was prominently featured in four productions about the history of the personal computing industry:
* ''[[Triumph of the Nerds]]''—a 1996 three-part documentary for [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]], about the rise of the [[home computer]]/personal computer.
* ''[[Nerds 2.0.1]]''—a 1998 three-part documentary for [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]], (and sequel to ''Triumph of the Nerds'') which chronicles the development of the Internet.
* ''[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]''—a 1999 docudrama which chronicles the rise of Apple and [[Microsoft]]. He was portrayed by [[Noah Wyle]].
* ''[[The Machine that Changed the World (1992)]]''—Part 3 of this 5-part documentary, called ''The Paperback Computer'', prominently featured Jobs and his role in the early days of Apple.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|author=Caddes, Carolyn |year=1986|title=Portraits of Success: Impressions of Silicon Valley Pioneers|publisher=Tioga Publishing Co.|isbn=0-935382-56-9}}
* {{Cite book|author=Cringely, Robert X.|authorlink=Robert X. Cringely|year=1996|title=[[Accidental Empires]]|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-855-4}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Denning | first1 = Peter J. | last2 = Frenkel | first2 = Karen A. | doi = 10.1145/63334.63336 | title = A conversation with Steve Jobs | journal = Communications of the ACM | volume = 32 | issue = 4 | pages = 436–433 | year = 1989 }}
* {{Cite book|author=Deutschman, Alan|year=2001|title=[[The Second Coming of Steve Jobs]]|publisher=Broadway|isbn=0-7679-0433-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Freiberger, Paul | coauthors = Swaine, Michael|year=1999|title=Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] Trade|isbn=0-07-135892-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=Hertzfeld, Andy|authorlink=Andy Hertzfeld|year=2004|title=Revolution in the Valley|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media|O'Reilly Books]]|isbn=0-596-00719-1}}
* {{Cite book|author=Kahney, Leander|authorlink=Leander Kahney|year=2004|title=[[The Cult of Mac]]|publisher=[[No Starch Press]]|isbn=1-886411-83-2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Levy, Steven|authorlink=Steven Levy|year=1984|title=[[Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution]]|publisher=Anchor Press, [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|isbn=0-385-19195-2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Levy, Steven|authorlink=Steven Levy|year=1994|title=Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer that Changed Everything|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-670-85244-9}}
* {{Cite book|author=Malone, Michael S.|authorlink=Michael S. Malone|year=1999|title=Infinite Loop|publisher=Aurum Press|isbn=1-85410-638-4}} [[Bantam Doubleday Dell]]. ISBN 0-385-48684-7.
* {{Cite book|author=Markoff, John|authorlink=John Markoff|year=2005|title=[[What the Dormouse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry]]|publisher=Viking|isbn=0-670-03382-0|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|author=Simon, William L. | coauthors = Young, Jeffrey S.|year=2005|title=[[iCon: Steve Jobs]], The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=0-471-72083-6}}
* {{Cite book|author=Stross, Randall E.|year=1993|title=Steve Jobs and The NeXT Big Thing|publisher=Atheneum Books|isbn=0-689-12135-0}}
* {{Cite book|author=Slater, Robert|authorlink=Robert Slater|year=1987|title=Portraits in Silicon|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|isbn=0-262-19262-4}} Chapter 28
* {{Cite book|author=Young, Jeffrey S.|year=1988|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward|publisher=Scott, Foresman & Co.|isbn=0-673-18864-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=Wozniak, Steve|authorlink=Steve Wozniak|year=2006|title=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I invented the personal computer, co-founded Apple and had fun doing it|publisher=W. W. Norton & Co.|isbn=0-393-06143-4}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikipedia books|Apple Inc.}}
{{Sister project links|Steve Jobs}}
* {{YouTube|id=PEHNrqPkefI|title=Jobs' Macworld keynote in 1997 where he announced the partnership with Microsoft}}
* {{YouTube|id=UF8uR6Z6KLc|title=Jobs' commencement address at Stanford University, June 12, 2005}}
* [http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughtsonmusic/ "Thoughts on Music"] by Steve Jobs, February 6, 2007.
* [http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/ "Thoughts on Flash"] by Steve Jobs, April, 2010.
*{{TED|speakers/steve_jobs.html}}
*{{C-SPAN|stephenjobs}}
*{{IMDb name|0423418}}
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-n87-883336}}
*{{Guardiantopic|technology/stevejobs}}
*{{NYTtopic|people/j/steven_p_jobs}}
*{{WSJtopic|person/J/steve-jobs/605}}
* [http://www.bloomberg.com/video/63722844/ Bloomberg Game Changers: Steve Jobs] A 48 minute video on Steve Jobs by Bloomberg
* [http://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs Steve Jobs Profile] at ''[[Forbes]]''
* {{cite news |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/05/steve-jobs-health-timeline_n_997313.html |title=Steve Jobs Dies: A Timeline Of His Health |first=Brenna |last=Cammeron |work=[[The Huffington Post]] }}
* {{cite news | url = http://allthingsd.com/tag/steve-jobs/ | title = Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at | publisher = [[All Things Digital|AllThingsD]] }}

===Articles===
* [http://www.time.com/time/photoessays/2007/steve_jobs/ "Thirty Years of Innovation at Apple: Jobs on the Job"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. 2007.
* [http://folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh&characters=Steve%20Jobs&detail=medium Anecdotes] from Steve Jobs's early days in Apple as reported by [[Andy Hertzfeld]]. [[Folklore.org]].
* {{Cite news | url = http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/12/magazine/creating-jobs.html | title = Creating Jobs | date = January 12, 1997 | first = Steve | last = Lohr | work = [[The New York Times Magazine]] }}
* {{Cite news | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986849,00.html | title = Steve's job: restart Apple | first = Cathy | last = Booth | coauthors = David S. Jackson; Valerie Marchant | date = October 6, 2011 | work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] }}
* {{Cite news | url = http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm | title = The trouble with Steve Jobs | first = Peter | last = Elkind | date = March 5, 2008 | accessdate = March 5, 2008 | work = [[Fortune (magazine) | Fortune]] }}
* {{cite news | url = http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,2096251,00.html | date = October 5, 2011 | title = Steve Jobs, 1955–2011: Mourning Technology's Great Reinventor | author = Harry McCracken | work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] }}
* {{cite web | title = John Sculley On Steve Jobs, The Full Interview Transcript | author = Leander Kahney | date = October 14, 2010 | url = http://www.cultofmac.com/63295/john-sculley-on-steve-jobs-the-full-interview-transcript/ }}

===Interviews===
* [http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/steve-jobs-in-1994-the-rolling-stone-interview-20110117 Steve Jobs in 1994: The Rolling Stone Interview], ''Rolling Stone''—1994, republished January 17, 2011. [http://www.webcitation.org/5vqHxPeNY Archived URL]
* {{PDFlink|[http://www.cwheroes.org/archives/histories/jobs.pdf Smithsonian Institution Oral History Interview]|143&nbsp;KB}}—April 20, 1995.
* [http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/oct2004/nf20041012_4018_db083.htm The Seed of Apple's Innovation], ''BusinessWeek''—October 12, 2004.
* [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/02/21/8251769/index.htm How Big Can Apple Get?], ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''—February 21, 2005.
* {{waybackdate|site=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15262121/site/newsweek/|title='Good for the Soul'|date=20061022014411}} ''[[Newsweek]]'', October 15, 2006.
* [http://d5.allthingsd.com/20070530/d5-gates-jobs-interview/ Bill Gates and Steve Jobs (video and transcript of on stage interview)], [[All Things Digital|AllThingsD]], May 30, 2007.
* [http://images.forbes.com/media/2009/04/24/jobs-deposition.pdf Videotaped Deposition of Steven P. Jobs in front of the Securities and Exchange Commission], March 18, 2008
* [http://www.yalibnan.com/2011/02/28/steve-jobs-is-a-biological-arab-american-with-roots-in-syria-apple/ Interview with Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, Job's biological father, by Mohannad Al-Haj Ali], published in ''[[Al Hayat]]'' and reprinted by [[Ya Libnan]], February 28, 2011
*{{Charlie Rose|4376}}
* {{cite web | title = Steve Jobs's Appearances at D, the Full Video Sessions | url = http://allthingsd.com/20111005/steve-jobs-appearances-at-d-the-full-sessions/ | publisher = [[All Things Digital|AllThingsD]] }}

{{S-start}}
{{S-bus}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Gil Amelio]]|title=[[List of Apple Computer CEOs|CEO of Apple]]|years=1997–2011|after=[[Tim Cook]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Pixar Animation Studios}}
{{Disney}}
{{Apple celeb}}
{{Apple}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
| NAME = Jobs, Steve
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Jobs, Steven Paul
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = CEO and Co-Founder of Apple Inc.
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 24, 1955
| PLACE OF BIRTH = San Francisco, California, United States
| DATE OF DEATH = October 5, 2011
| PLACE OF DEATH = Palo Alto, California, United States
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jobs, Steve}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:American adoptees]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American chief executives]]
[[Category:American industrial designers]]
[[Category:American inventors]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American people of Swiss descent]]
[[Category:American people of Syrian descent]]
[[Category:American Zen Buddhists]]
[[Category:Apple Inc. employees]]
[[Category:Apple Inc.]]
[[Category:Articles with inconsistent citation formats]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from California]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in software]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in California]]
[[Category:Computer designers]]
[[Category:Computer pioneers]]
[[Category:Converts to Buddhism]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer]]
[[Category:Disney people]]
[[Category:Internet pioneers]]
[[Category:National Medal of Technology recipients]]
[[Category:NeXT]]
[[Category:Organ transplant recipients]]
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[[Category:Pescetarians]]
[[Category:Reed College alumni]]
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Revision as of 22:02, 9 October 2011

Steve Jobs made computers. How long will this take to get reversed?

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