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Coordinates: 45°25′25″N 75°41′56″W / 45.423671981652°N 75.698822249253°W / 45.423671981652; -75.698822249253
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Located on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the Centennial Flame commemorates Canada’s 100th anniversary as a Confederation . The Flame was first lit as the climax of the centennial celebrations of January 1st 1967 in the presence of then Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. He was joined on the hill by leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister, John Diefenbaker and Secretary of State, who was in charge of the Centennial, Judy LaMarsh as well as thousands of onlookers The Flame is fueled by natural gas and surrounded by a fountain whose ledge contains the shields of 12 of Canada’s Provinces and Territories – Nunavut is absent as it was not created until 1999.
Located on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the Centennial Flame commemorates Canada’s 100th anniversary as a Confederation. <ref> Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year) </ref> The Flame was first lit as the climax of the centennial celebrations of January 1st 1967 in the presence of then Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. <ref> Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year) </ref> He was joined on the hill by leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister, John Diefenbaker and Secretary of State, who was in charge of the Centennial, Judy LaMarsh as well as thousands of onlookers. <ref> Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year) </ref> The Flame is fueled by natural gas and surrounded by a fountain whose ledge contains the shields of 12 of Canada’s Provinces and Territories – Nunavut is absent as it was not created until 1999. <ref> “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789). </ref>


This Centennial Flame was erected as a temporary monument, but due to great public support it still stands today. It is located near the Queen’s Gate (the center gate), in front of the stairs leading to the Peace Tower and Center Block. The Center Block is home to the House of Commons, the Senate and serves as an office building for MPs and Senators . The Centennial was celebrated across Canada in various ways; for example the re-enactment of the Battle of Thames, the building of a destroyer out of match sticks, etc. The government also encouraged the building of a Centennial memorial in each of Canada’s 10 provinces . The provincial and federal governments matched whatever the municipal government spent on their memorial, thereby encouraging the construction of grand buildings such as the National Arts Center in Ottawa.
This Centennial Flame was erected as a temporary monument, but due to great public support it still stands today.<ref> Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42. </ref> It is located near the Queen’s Gate (the center gate), in front of the stairs leading to the Peace Tower and Center Block. <ref> Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42.</ref> The Center Block is home to the House of Commons, the Senate and serves as an office building for MPs and Senators . <ref> Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42. </ref> The Centennial was celebrated across Canada in various ways; for example the re-enactment of the Battle of Thames, the building of a destroyer out of match sticks, etc. <ref> Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42. </ref> The government also encouraged the building of a Centennial memorial in each of Canada’s 10 provinces . <ref> Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year) </ref> The provincial and federal governments matched whatever the municipal government spent on their memorial, thereby encouraging the construction of grand buildings such as the National Arts Center in Ottawa.<ref> Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year) </ref>


The Centennial Flame is encompassed by a fountain into which many visitors to Parliament Hill throw coins for luck. That change is gathered, washed, dried and sorted by maintenance before it is put into a government bank account. From there the money is given to the winner of the Centennial Flame Research Award . The award, which was begun in 2005, is given “to a person with a disability to enable him or her to conduct research and prepare a report on the contributions of one or more Canadians with disabilities to the public life of Canada or the activities of Parliament.” The 2011 recipient, Andrew Morrison-Gurza, received $5,500. The 2012 recipient, Andrew St.Kitts, is a Masters student with cerebral palsy who plans on using the $5,000 he received to research “attitudes of able-bodied Canadians when they see people like him.”
The Centennial Flame is encompassed by a fountain into which many visitors to Parliament Hill throw coins for luck. <ref> “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789). </ref> That change is gathered, washed, dried and sorted by maintenance before it is put into a government bank account. <ref> “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789). </ref> From there the money is given to the winner of the Centennial Flame Research Award . <ref> “News Release: Centennial Flame Research Award for Persons with Disabilities,” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2005): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1585012&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1) </ref> The award, which was begun in 2005, is given “to a person with a disability to enable him or her to conduct research and prepare a report on the contributions of one or more Canadians with disabilities to the public life of Canada or the activities of Parliament.” <ref> “News Release: Centennial Flame Research Award for Persons with Disabilities,” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2005): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1585012&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1) </ref> The 2011 recipient, Andrew Morrison-Gurza, received $5,500. <ref> “News Release: 2011 Centennial Flame Research Award.” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2011): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=5257752&Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&Language=E) </ref> The 2012 recipient, Andrew St.Kitts, is a Masters student with cerebral palsy who plans on using the $5,000 he received to research “attitudes of able-bodied Canadians when they see people like him.” <ref> “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789). </ref>


The flame is often confused with the Eternal Flame; however, it does not burn eternally. It may sometimes be extinguished due to bad weather or for maintenance purposes. In 2002, for example, during the G8 Protests, Prime Minister Jean Chretien made the decision to have the flame extinguished and the monument covered in order to avoid any damages. It was covered by a welded steel lid attached to concrete.
The flame is often confused with the Eternal Flame; however, it does not burn eternally. It may sometimes be extinguished due to bad weather or for maintenance purposes. <ref> Sheldon Alberts, “Centennial Flame Snuffed for Fear of Summit Vandals,” National Post (2002): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/330083905?accountid=14789). </ref> In 2002, for example, during the G8 Protests, Prime Minister Jean Chretien made the decision to have the flame extinguished and the monument covered in order to avoid any damages. It was covered by a welded steel lid attached to concrete. <ref> Sheldon Alberts, “Centennial Flame Snuffed for Fear of Summit Vandals,” National Post (2002): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/330083905?accountid=14789). </ref>

⚫
The Centennial Flame was built to celebrate Canada’s 100th year as a Confederation. Confederation created the Dominion of Canada by joining together the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick . The remainder of Canada’s Provinces and Territories joined later. The British North America Act of March 1867, written by the Fathers of Confederation, gave birth to the Dominion of Canada on July 1 of the same year. The Fathers of Confederation included great Canadian figures such as the first Prime Minister of Canada, Sir John A. MacDonald, and the only political assassination thus far in the history of Canada, Thomas Darcy McGee. Sir John A. MacDonald wanted to name the country The Kingdom of Canada, but the British Parliament refused the name as they did not wish to further offend the United States of America.


⚫
The Centennial Flame was built to celebrate Canada’s 100th year as a Confederation. Confederation created the Dominion of Canada by joining together the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick . <ref> Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461. </ref> The remainder of Canada’s Provinces and Territories joined later. The British North America Act of March 1867, written by the Fathers of Confederation, gave birth to the Dominion of Canada on July 1 of the same year. <ref> Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461. </ref> The Fathers of Confederation included great Canadian figures such as the first Prime Minister of Canada, Sir John A. MacDonald, and the only political assassination thus far in the history of Canada, Thomas Darcy McGee. <ref> Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461. </ref> Sir John A. MacDonald wanted to name the country The Kingdom of Canada, but the British Parliament refused the name as they did not wish to further offend the United States of America. <ref> Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461. </ref>


{{coord|45.423671981652|N|75.698822249253|W|display=title}}
{{coord|45.423671981652|N|75.698822249253|W|display=title}}
[[Image:Peace Tower and Centennial Flame.jpg|thumb|right|The Peace Tower in view on [[Parliament Hill]]]]
[[Image:Peace Tower and Centennial Flame.jpg|thumb|right|The Peace Tower in view on [[Parliament Hill]]]]
The '''Centennial Flame''' is a symbolic flame that forms the central element of a [[fountain]], itself located symmetrically in the walkway between the [[Queen's Gates]] and the [[Peace Tower]] on [[Parliament Hill]], in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]].


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==References==
Lit by then [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Lester B. Pearson]] on [[New Year's Day]] 1967, to officially inaugurate the [[Canadian Centennial]] celebrations, the flame is fed by a natural gas jet that sits under a metal dome depicting the centennial year logo: a stylised [[maple leaf]]. The flame, however, is not [[eternal flame|an eternal one]], as it is routinely extinguished during inclement weather or for cleaning, and relit. Coins thrown into the fountain are routinely collected and added to the [[Centennial Flame Research Award Fund]].<ref>{{Citation| last=Bosc| first=Marc| last2=O'Brien| first2=Audrey | title=House of Commons Procedure and Practice| place=Ottawa| year=2009| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| edition=2| chapter=The Parliament Buildings and Grounds| chapterurl=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/procedure-book-livre/Document.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&sbdid=1B08A55C-743C-47DB-92E0-898D41340504&sbpid=163E358A-5B67-42CE-98B8-78BA3C74AE13| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/procedure-book-livre/Document.aspx?sbdid=7C730F1D-E10B-4DFC-863A-83E7E1A6940E&sbpidx=1&Language=E&Mode=1| isbn=978-2-89635-321-7}}</ref>
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{{reflist}}


Alberts, Sheldon. "Centennial Flame Snuffed for Fear of Summit Vandals." National Post, Jun 25, 2002. (http://search.proquest.com/docview/330083905?accountid=14789).
The original plan in 1967 was to remove the Centennial Flame at the end of the Centennial year, but public pressure convinced the federal government to make it a permanent fixture on Parliament Hill.
Berton, Pierre. 1967 The Last Good Year. Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997.
Bothwell, Robert. “Centennial Year.” The Canadian Encylopedia, 2012. (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles centennial-year).
"Centennial Flame Change." CTV News - CTV Television, Jan 16, 2012. (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789).
Francis, Douglas, Jones, Richard, and Smith, Donald, Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009.
“News Release: Centennial Flame Research Award for Persons with Disabilities.” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2005): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1585012&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1)
“News Release: 2011 Centennial Flame Research Award.” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2011): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=5257752&Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&Language=E)


The fountain's water runs from beneath the [[Coat of arms|coats of arms]] for each of the [[provinces and territories of Canada|provinces and territories]] as they existed in 1966, into a moat surrounded by a wall that lists the year each province and territory joined Confederation.

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==References==
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{{reflist}}
* [http://www.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/terrains-grounds/flmm-flm-eng.html Public Works and Government Services Canada – Centennial Flame]
* [http://www.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/terrains-grounds/flmm-flm-eng.html Public Works and Government Services Canada – Centennial Flame]
{{commonscat|Centennial Flame}}
{{commonscat|Centennial Flame}}
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[[Category:Canadian Centennial]]
[[Category:Canadian Centennial]]




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[[de:Centennial Flame]]
[[de:Centennial Flame]]

Revision as of 20:24, 27 January 2012

Located on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the Centennial Flame commemorates Canada’s 100th anniversary as a Confederation. [1] The Flame was first lit as the climax of the centennial celebrations of January 1st 1967 in the presence of then Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. [2] He was joined on the hill by leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister, John Diefenbaker and Secretary of State, who was in charge of the Centennial, Judy LaMarsh as well as thousands of onlookers. [3] The Flame is fueled by natural gas and surrounded by a fountain whose ledge contains the shields of 12 of Canada’s Provinces and Territories – Nunavut is absent as it was not created until 1999. [4]

This Centennial Flame was erected as a temporary monument, but due to great public support it still stands today.[5] It is located near the Queen’s Gate (the center gate), in front of the stairs leading to the Peace Tower and Center Block. [6] The Center Block is home to the House of Commons, the Senate and serves as an office building for MPs and Senators . [7] The Centennial was celebrated across Canada in various ways; for example the re-enactment of the Battle of Thames, the building of a destroyer out of match sticks, etc. [8] The government also encouraged the building of a Centennial memorial in each of Canada’s 10 provinces . [9] The provincial and federal governments matched whatever the municipal government spent on their memorial, thereby encouraging the construction of grand buildings such as the National Arts Center in Ottawa.[10]

The Centennial Flame is encompassed by a fountain into which many visitors to Parliament Hill throw coins for luck. [11] That change is gathered, washed, dried and sorted by maintenance before it is put into a government bank account. [12] From there the money is given to the winner of the Centennial Flame Research Award . [13] The award, which was begun in 2005, is given “to a person with a disability to enable him or her to conduct research and prepare a report on the contributions of one or more Canadians with disabilities to the public life of Canada or the activities of Parliament.” [14] The 2011 recipient, Andrew Morrison-Gurza, received $5,500. [15] The 2012 recipient, Andrew St.Kitts, is a Masters student with cerebral palsy who plans on using the $5,000 he received to research “attitudes of able-bodied Canadians when they see people like him.” [16]

The flame is often confused with the Eternal Flame; however, it does not burn eternally. It may sometimes be extinguished due to bad weather or for maintenance purposes. [17] In 2002, for example, during the G8 Protests, Prime Minister Jean Chretien made the decision to have the flame extinguished and the monument covered in order to avoid any damages. It was covered by a welded steel lid attached to concrete. [18]

The Centennial Flame was built to celebrate Canada’s 100th year as a Confederation. Confederation created the Dominion of Canada by joining together the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick . [19] The remainder of Canada’s Provinces and Territories joined later. The British North America Act of March 1867, written by the Fathers of Confederation, gave birth to the Dominion of Canada on July 1 of the same year. [20] The Fathers of Confederation included great Canadian figures such as the first Prime Minister of Canada, Sir John A. MacDonald, and the only political assassination thus far in the history of Canada, Thomas Darcy McGee. [21] Sir John A. MacDonald wanted to name the country The Kingdom of Canada, but the British Parliament refused the name as they did not wish to further offend the United States of America. [22]

45°25′25″N 75°41′56″W / 45.423671981652°N 75.698822249253°W / 45.423671981652; -75.698822249253

The Peace Tower in view on Parliament Hill

References

  1. ^ Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year)
  2. ^ Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year)
  3. ^ Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year)
  4. ^ “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789).
  5. ^ Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42.
  6. ^ Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42.
  7. ^ Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42.
  8. ^ Pierre Berton, 1967 the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997) 39-42.
  9. ^ Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year)
  10. ^ Robert Bothwell, “Centennial Year,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (2012): (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/centennial-year)
  11. ^ “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789).
  12. ^ “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789).
  13. ^ “News Release: Centennial Flame Research Award for Persons with Disabilities,” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2005): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1585012&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1)
  14. ^ “News Release: Centennial Flame Research Award for Persons with Disabilities,” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2005): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1585012&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1)
  15. ^ “News Release: 2011 Centennial Flame Research Award.” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2011): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=5257752&Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&Language=E)
  16. ^ “Centennial Flame Change,” CTV News – CTV Television (2012): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789).
  17. ^ Sheldon Alberts, “Centennial Flame Snuffed for Fear of Summit Vandals,” National Post (2002): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/330083905?accountid=14789).
  18. ^ Sheldon Alberts, “Centennial Flame Snuffed for Fear of Summit Vandals,” National Post (2002): (http://search.proquest.com/docview/330083905?accountid=14789).
  19. ^ Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461.
  20. ^ Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461.
  21. ^ Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461.
  22. ^ Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, Donald Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition (Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009) 457-461.

Alberts, Sheldon. "Centennial Flame Snuffed for Fear of Summit Vandals." National Post, Jun 25, 2002. (http://search.proquest.com/docview/330083905?accountid=14789). Berton, Pierre. 1967 The Last Good Year. Toronto: Doubleday Canada ltd, 1997. Bothwell, Robert. “Centennial Year.” The Canadian Encylopedia, 2012. (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles centennial-year). "Centennial Flame Change." CTV News - CTV Television, Jan 16, 2012. (http://search.proquest.com/docview/916268679?accountid=14789). Francis, Douglas, Jones, Richard, and Smith, Donald, Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th edition. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2009. 

“News Release: Centennial Flame Research Award for Persons with Disabilities.” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2005): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1585012&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1)

“News Release: 2011 Centennial Flame Research Award.” Subcommittee on the Status of Persons with Disabilities (2011): accessed January 24, 2012. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=5257752&Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&Language=E)

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