Siegfried Engelmann

• Comment: The core problem is, that the article depends far too much on primary sources - the various things written by Engelmann - rather than independent sources writing about him. His own publications can, of course, be referenced - but, with care; they should not be used for anything but perfectly neutral, straight-forward facts.
  Some of the information has no reference - so, it looks like opinion, rather than facts.
  Examples of unreferenced information includes; "Engelmann was raised in Chicago. In 1955, he graduated with class honors in philosophy from the University of Illinois. After graduating, he spent time in a variety of occupations, from working in exploratory oil to being a science editor." - all those claims need a reference.
  An example of the neutrality-type issue is: "some children don’t learn what the teacher intended to communicate, but instead learn a misinterpretation that is consistent with the information presented to them. The problem is not faulty learning, but faulty instruction." - that presents information as though it is fact (stated from Wikipedia), whereas it is (I think) the view of this person. So, the tone is not appropriate for an Encyclopaedia.
  We have to present 'raw facts', without any opinion; the reader can form their own conclusions.
  Some more sections that are unreferenced include the paragraphs beginning with "Science Research Associates (SRA) published...", with "Shortly before the first DISTAR programs...", and "Parents of at-risk children in each...".
  "He trained extensively" is, clearly, non-neutral (and as it is unreferenced, it appears to be opinion. Has some independent source stated that his training was extensive?)
  "Awards" has no references.
  I hope you can try to improve this further - especially by adding independent references, by removing unreferenced claims, and making sure it is neutral. Please resubmit when ready.
   Chzz  ►  08:15, 25 November 2011 (UTC)

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File:SiegfriedEngelmann317.jpg

Education & Career

Siegfried "Zig" Engelmann developed the approach to instruction termed "Direct Instruction" (DI). He has written more than 100 curricula using DI principles and numerous other books and articles Engelmann is currently Professor Emeritus of Education at the University of Oregon and Director of the National Institute for Direct Instruction

He was born November 26, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois. After graduating with class honors in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1955, he spent time in a variety of occupations, from working in exploratory oil to being a science editor. While working as a marketing director in the early 1960’s, Engelmann became fascinated with how children learn. This fascination began with examining how much exposure was required for a young child to learn a motto or an advertising theme and what effects reinforcing presentations would have on learning rates. He began working with preschoolers, including his own children, focusing first on topics related to advertising and then on more academic content. In 1964, he left his job in advertising and became a research associate at the Institute for Research on Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, working with Carl Bereiter. In 1970, he moved from the University of Illinois to the University of Oregon in Eugene, becoming a Professor in the University’s College of Education.

The Bereiter-Engelmann Preschool

At the University of Illinois, Bereiter had a grant to accelerate the development of young children, and Engelmann worked with him on that project. In the summer of 1964, they opened a program for "culturally disadvantaged" preschoolers, which became known as the Bereiter-Engelmann Preschool. Their goal was to demonstrate the extent to which disadvantaged children could accelerate their learning beyond the performance of middle class students and thus have a better chance of success in school. They focused on three academic areas: language, reading, and arithmetic Instruction occurred for one to two hours a day. The instruction was based on Engelmann's earlier findings and involved careful, precise presentation of tasks and skills. Children were taught in small groups with fast pacing, periodic reinforcement activities, and frequent high praise for their accomplishments.

Results were very positive. After two years at the pre-school, the average student performed at the second grade level in both math and reading and had an average gain in IQ scores of 24 points. Studies also demonstrated that the children enjoyed learning and that their self-confidence rose as they developed new skills.

At the preschool, Engelmann trained other teachers to work with the children. From this work, he realized the complexity of teaching and how difficult it was for teachers to accomplish all of the tasks involved in teaching a lesson. Teachers simultaneously had to develop the words used in presenting material, the sequencing of tasks or examples, appropriate and consistent presentation, proper reinforcement of children's responses, and efficient and effective corrections to errors. From his earlier experiments, he knew that each of these aspects were crucial in accelerating students’ learning. To help teachers be as effective as possible, Engelmann developed scripted lessons that provided the exact wording for teachers to use, sequenced the learning in the most effective manner, and provided guidelines for checking children’s responses and providing appropriate corrections and reinforcements. The scripts allowed teachers to focus on their style of presentation and interaction with the children.

Direct Instruction Curricula and Tests of their Efficacy

Since the late 1960s, Engelmann has authored more than 100 curricular programs, building on the principles that were discovered and honed in the preschool. The first programs, written from 1968 through 1970 were called DISTAR, for Direct Instruction System for Teaching and Remediation, and were designed to teach reading, math, and language to children in kindergarten through second grade.

The DISTAR materials were used in Project Follow Through, the largest educational experiment in the history of the United States. Follow Through, which was sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education, began in 1968 and continued into the 1970s. The project targeted primary school children in communities with high levels of poverty. Parents in 180 communities from throughout the country chose an educational model to be implemented. Twenty-two different methods were examined, with the goal of finding which approach produced the greatest gains in achievement and self-esteem. Other schools in the communities, with similar demographic characteristics, were used for control purposes. Multiple independent analyses of the data found that the Direct Instruction model was superior in all areas examined, including basic academic skills, problem-solving skills, and self-esteem. Students’ gains in both academic achievement and in self-esteem were significantly greater when they used DI than when they used any other model. Subsequent studies found that the positive impact of DI persisted throughout students’ careers, with higher achievement levels, higher high school graduation rates, and a greater probability of college attendance.

In subsequent years Engelmann expanded the Direct Instruction body of curricula, with over 100 editions of instructional programs. The original DISTAR programs were expanded from the original three levels to include six levels. These programs are currently called Reading Mastery and Connecting Math Concepts. He also developed a multilevel reading program for students beyond the primary level, including adults, who had weak reading decoding and comprehension skills (Corrective Reading Decoding and Corrective Reading Comprehension), programs to teach writing and spelling (Reasoning and Writing and Spelling Mastery), and a videodisk series to teach math and science to middle school students (including Chemistry and Energy and Elementary Earth Science). Programs were also written for parents to use with their children, Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons and Give your Child a Superior Mind. Most recently he has developed computer-based programs that parents and others can use to teach young children reading and math skills (Funnix Beginning Reading and Funnix Beginning Math), as well as programs to teach English speaking skills to non-native English speakers at third grade or older (DISE: Direct Instruction Spoken English or DISE).

Over the years, the efficacy of these curricula has been studied many times. The results have consistently replicated the findings from Project Follow Through. The Australian social scientist, John Hattie, examined the results of meta-analyses that compared students’ learning with DI with other methods. He summarized the results of four meta-analyses that included DI and incorporated 304 studies, 597 effects and over 42,000 students. The effect sizes Hattie found for DI were based on more studies and were greater in magnitude than those for any other curriculum examined. He found that the positive results were “similar for regular and special education and lower ability students, … [and] similar for the more low-level word-attack and also for high-level comprehension” (pp. 206-207).

Theory of Instruction

In addition to developing curriculum, Engelmann has written 19 books (see below for complete listing) as well as scholarly articles and other reports of his experiments on teaching and learning. Through his work, Engelmann and his colleagues have confirmed how humans learn and shown that naïve learners can perform complex logical operations with appropriate instruction. In a book called The Theory of Instruction, Engelmann and Douglas Carnine summarized the theoretical basis of the Direct Instruction approach. They analyzed the process of cognitive learning by breaking it into three parts: an analysis of behavior, an analysis of communication, and an analysis of knowledge systems. They proposed that the mechanism by which humans learn involves two attributes. First, they postulated that individuals can learn any quality, defined as an irreducible feature, from examples. People are limited in this ability only by sensory capabilities -- their ability to see, hear, etc. Thus, this first attribute involves what people can learn and essentially suggests that the capability for learning any concept or quality is immense. The second attribute involves how learning occurs, and involves the notion of generalizing from examples. Learners have the capacity to develop “rules” or “understandings” about common qualities to a set of examples. As soon as learners are presented with information, they begin to formulate such rules. This is done by noting what is equivalent or “same” about the various examples that are given. Once the learner has determined what is the same about the examples of the concept or quality, generalization occurs.

Based on this analysis, Engelmann and Carnine concluded that there are two variables that can account for what learners learn: the communications that they receive and their own characteristics as a learner. If the communications are faultless, with only one logical outcome for a generalization and given in a way that can be understood by the learner, then the only variable that impacts learning is the learner’s own capabilities as evidenced by the number of trials to master a new skills or concept. They found that some learners will take more trials (more presentations of examples) to achieve mastery of a new concept.

Engelmann and Carnine outlined the strategy of making instruction unambiguous and clear. Given the logic described above, they predicted that learners will learn a concept if it is presented in a faultless, or totally clear, manner. If the communication (the examples given) is faultless, the learner should learn the concept. If the learner does not learn the concept, this indicates that something is wrong with the communication. In other words, they assume that a problem with learning does not lie with the student, but with the instruction.

Engelmann and Carnine listed five features that must be embedded in effective communication, and these five features are found in all Direct Instruction curricula. 1) Positive examples must differ from negative examples by one and only one quality. For example, when using colored shapes to teach the color red, one should not have red circles and red triangles and all other colors in squares. Nor should one of the shapes differ in size. Such examples could lead students to create rules that confuse colors with shape and/or size, rather than hue. 2) Clear, unambiguous signals must accompany each positive example, and different signals must accompany negative examples. In other words, feedback to the learner about positive and negative examples should be clear. 3) Examples must demonstrate the range of variation to which a student will need to generalize. For instance, if one wants to teach differences between shades of red and distinguish them from shades of pink and purple, which are similar, these variations need to be taught to ensure proper generalization. 4) Examples that are negative in nature must clearly show where the permissible positive variation is bounded. For instance, when teaching a student the concept "on", an object should be elevated from a surface only slightly to illustrate an example of "not on". 5) Tests of learning should use examples that were different from those that were used in teaching to ensure that students have truly learned, or mastered, the concept.

Engelmann and his colleagues have tested the tenets within Theory of Instruction in a variety of ways over the years. One often cited test involved Piaget’s theory of child development. Piaget claimed that children’s intelligence progressively develops and that higher order concepts can only be learned once earlier concepts are firmly developed. Through a series of experiments Engelmann challenged this theory and showed that, with flawless communication, children, even those from very deprived backgrounds, can learn skills and develop conceptual understandings, such as the notion of “specific gravity” and “conservation of space” at much younger ages than Piaget thought possible.

Several years after developing their logical analysis, Engelmann and Carnine found that John Stuart Mill had developed a very similar analysis in his book, A System of Logic, written in 1843. However, Mill did not link his analysis to education and students’ learning, and the work remained unrecognized in the education literature until Engelmann and Carnine wrote about it in 2011.

All of the curricula that Engelmann has developed embody the elements outlined in his theoretical writings. They also include a number of common characteristics that, when taken together, are believed to contribute to their effectiveness: clear and unambiguous communication, careful selection and sequencing of examples to promote efficient learning, teaching material so thoroughly that students master it and have a sound foundation for more complex skills, careful placement and grouping of students for efficient instruction that meets their needs, regular testing of students to assure that they are mastering the material at an appropriate pace, help to teachers in providing appropriate feedback and remediation, and consistent and frequent positive reinforcement for students and their accomplishments. See entry on Direct Instruction for more details.

Honors and Awards

Engelmann has received numerous awards in recognition of his achievements. In 1984, he received an honorary doctorate from the Psychology Department of Western Michigan University. In 1994, he received the Fred S. Keller Award from the American Psychological Association’s Division of Experimental Analysis of Behavior. In 2000, the journal Remedial and Special Education named him as one of the 54 most influential people in the history of special education; and, in 2002, the Council of Scientific Society Presidents, awarded him the 2002 Award of Achievement in Education Research. Social commentators who specialize in work regarding education have given Engelmann and his work high praise. The American journalist, Shepard Barbash, wrote, “Engelmann stands alone for his ability to design clear instructional programs that can accelerate learning in even the hardest to teach children and that any willing teacher can learn to use….More scientific evidence validates the effectiveness of his methods than any other approach to instruction.” Similarly, the Australian author and activist Noel Pearson wrote, “In my view, Engelmann’s contribution is the most profound of any educational theorist in the modern era.” (p. 41).

Curriculum written by Siegfried Engelmann

Below is a list of the curriculum written by Siegfried Engelmann:

Engelmann, S. & Hanner, S. (2008). Reading Mastery Reading Strand Level K (Signature ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Hanner, S. (2008). Reading Mastery Reading Strand Level 1 (Signature ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Hanner, S. (2008). Reading Mastery Reading Strand Level 2 (Signature ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Hanner, S. (2008). Reading Mastery Reading Strand Level 3 (Signature ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Hanner, S. (2008). Reading Mastery Reading Strand Level 4 (Signature ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Hanner, S. (2008). Reading Mastery Language Arts Strand (Signature ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., & Bruner, E. C. (2003). Reading Mastery Level I (Classic ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published as DISTAR Reading I, 1969, Chicago: Science Research Associates)

Engelmann, S., & Bruner, E. C. (2003). Reading Mastery Level II (Classic ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published as DISTAR Reading II, 1969, Chicago: Science Research Associates)

Engelmann, S., & Bruner, E. C. (2003). Reading Mastery Levels I/II Fast Cycle (Classic ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published as DISTAR Reading Fast Cycle, 1969, Chicago: Science Research Associates)

Engelmann, S., Osborn, J., Bruner, E. C., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level K (Teacher's Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher’s Guide). Chicago, IL: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Bruner, E. C., Osborn, J., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level 1 (Teacher's Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher’s Guide). Chicago, IL: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Bruner, E. C., Engelmann, O., Seitz-Davis, K. L., & Arbogast, A., (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level 2 (Teacher's Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher’s Guide). Chicago, IL: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., & Hanner, S. (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level 3 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published as DISTAR Reading III, 1969, Chicago: Science Research Associates)

Engelmann, S., & Hanner, S. (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level 4 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1983)

Engelmann, S., Osborn, J., Osborn, S., & Zoref, L. (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level 5 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1984)

Engelmann, S., Osborn, J., Osborn, S., & Zoref, L. (2002). Reading Mastery Plus: Level 6 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1984)

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (2000). Journeys: Level K (Teacher’s Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., Seitz-Davis, K. L. (2000). Journeys: Level 1 (Teacher’s Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., Seitz-Davis, K. L., & Arbogast, A., (2000). Journeys: Level 2 (Teacher’s Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., & Hanner, S. (2000). Journeys: Level 3 (Teacher’s Presentation Books, Student Material, Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (2000). Horizons: Level B (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (1998). Horizons: Level A (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Hanner, S. (1998). Horizons: Fast Track C-D (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (1997). Horizons: Fast Track A-B (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Bruner, E. (1995). Reading Mastery I (Rainbow ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Bruner, E. (1995). Reading Mastery II (Rainbow ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, Literature Guide and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. (1975). DISTAR Training Program For DISTAR Reading I, Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S. & Bruner, E. C. (1978). DISTAR reading: An Instructional System, Chicago: Science Research Associates

Engelmann, S., Haddox, P., Osborn, J., & Hanner, S. (1998). Corrective Reading: Comprehension A (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1978)

Engelmann, S., Osborn, S., & Hanner, S. (1998). Corrective Reading: Comprehension B1 and B2 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1978 as Comprehension B)

Engelmann, S., Hanner, S., & Haddox, P. (1998). Corrective Reading: Comprehension C (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1980)

Engelmann, S., Johnson, G., & Carnine, L. (1998). Corrective Reading: Decoding A (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1978)

Engelmann, S., Meyer, L., Carnine, L., Becker, W., Eisele, J., Johnson, G. (1998). Corrective Reading: Decoding B1 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1978)

Engelmann, S., Meyer, L., Carnine, L., Becker, W., Eisele, J., Johnson, G. (1998). Corrective Reading: Decoding B2 (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1978)

Engelmann, S., Meyer, L., Johnson, G., & Carnine, L. (1998). Corrective Reading: Decoding C (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1978)

Engelmann, S., Becker, W. C., Carnine, L., Meyers, L., Becker, J. & Johnson, G. (1975). Corrective Reading Program. Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S. (1979). Spelling Through Morphographs. Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1976)

Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S., & Meier, M. (1998). Spelling Mastery A (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1980) Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S., & Meier, M. (1998). Spelling Mastery B (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1980) Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S. (1998). Spelling Mastery C (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1981) Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S. (1998). Spelling Mastery D (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Originally published 1981) Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S. (1998). Spelling Mastery E (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Version originally published 1988) Dixon, R., Engelmann, S., Steely, D., & Wells, T. (1998). Spelling Mastery F (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill. (Published in 1981 as E and in 1988 as F)

Dixon, R., & Engelmann, S. (1990). Spelling Mastery Series Guide. Chicago: Science Research Associate.

Engelmann, S., Kelly, B., & Engelmann, O. (2008). Essentials for Algebra. (Teacher’s Guide, Textbook, Workbook). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw Hill.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1992). Connecting Math Concepts: Level A (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1992). Connecting Math Concepts: Level B (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1992). Connecting Math Concepts: Level C (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., & Carnine, D. (1993). Connecting Math Concepts: Level D (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., Kelly, B. & Carnine, D. (1994). Connecting Math Concepts: Level E (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., Kelly, B. & Carnine, D. (1995). Bridge to Connecting Math Concepts (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., Kelly, B. & Carnine, D. (1996). Connecting Math Concepts: Level F (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1975). DISTAR Arithmetic I (2nd ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates. (Originally published 1970)

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1976). DISTAR Arithmetic II (2nd ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates. (Originally published 1970)

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1976). DISTAR Arithmetic III (2nd ed.) (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates. (Originally published 1972)

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1981). Corrective Mathematics Series Guide. Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., and Carnine, D. (1981). Corrective Mathematics: Division (Teacher's Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., and Carnine, D. (1981). Corrective Mathematics: Multiplication (Teacher's Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., and Carnine, D. (1981). Corrective Mathematics: Subtraction (Teacher's Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., and Carnine, D. (1981). Corrective Mathematics: Addition (Teacher's Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., and Steely, D. (1981). Mathematics Modules: Ratios and Equations (Teacher’s Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Steely, D. (1978). Mathematics Modules: Fractions, Decimals, Percents. (Teacher’s Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Steely, D. (1978). Mathematics Modules: Basic Fractions. (Teacher’s Presentation Book, and Student Material). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S. & Osborn, J. (2006). Language for Writing (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Osborn, J. (2002). Language for Thinking (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S. & Osborn, J. (1998). Language for Learning (Teacher’s Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher’s Guide). Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (1991). Reasoning & Writing: Level A (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., Brown-Arbogast, A., Seitz-Davis, K. L. (1991). Reasoning & Writing: Level B (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., Johnston, D., Engelmann, O., & Silbert, J. (2010). Direct Instruction Spoken English (DISE). Sopris West.

Engelmann, S., & Silbert, J. (1991). Reasoning & Writing: Level C (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Silbert, J. (1993). Reasoning & Writing: Level D (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Grossen, B. (1994). Reasoning & Writing: Level E (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Grossen, B. (1995). Reasoning & Writing: Level F (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Osborn, J. (1986). DISTAR Language I (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates. (Originally published 1969) Engelmann, S., & Osborn, J. (1970). DISTAR Language II (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates. (Originally published 1970) Engelmann, S., & Osborn, J. (1986). DISTAR Language III (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates. (Originally published 1970) Engelmann, S. & Grossen, B. (2010). Essentials for Writing. Columbus, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill.

Engelmann, S., & Silbert, J. (1985). Expressive Writing I (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Silbert, J. (1985). Expressive Writing II (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Miller, S., & Engelmann, S. (1980). Cursive Writing (Teacher's Presentation Book, Student Material, and Teacher's Guide). Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Engelmann, S., & Engelmann, O., (2002) Funnix Reading 2. Eugene, OR: Royal Limited Partnership.

Engelmann, S., Engelmann, O., & Seitz-Davis, K. L. (2001) Funnix, Beginning Reading. Eugene, OR: Royal Limited Partnership.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1991). Mastering Informal Geometry. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1989). Beginning Algebra. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1988). Earth Science. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1987). Understanding Chemistry and Energy. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann, S. & Carnine, D. (1986). Mastering Decimals & Percents. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1986). Mastering Ratios. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1985). Mastering Fractions. Washington, DC: Systems Impact, Inc.

Engelmann has also written a large number of articles. See http://zigsite.com/

See also

• Direct Instruction

References

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