Stephen O. Andersen

• Comment: I need more references. みんな空の下 (トーク) 17:49, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

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Stephen Oliver Andersen (born 17 January 1948) is Director of Research at the Institute for Governance & Sustainability (IGSD) and is also Senior Expert Member of the Montreal Protocol Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) and from 1989 to 2012 was TEAP Co-Chair. He is considered one of the founders and leading figures in the success of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Stratospheric Ozone Layer and was honored for his substantial contribution to the awarding of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Early Life

Andersen was born in Logan Utah, the child of a professor of horticulture and a botanist. In high school he pursued a self-directed joint program that prepared him for either a career as an auto mechanic or entry into college. He choose college over auto mechanics and studied business administration for two years at his hometown Utah State University and then transferred in 1969 to the University of California, Berkeley where he earned B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Agricultural and Natural Resources Economics. His PhD. thesis was supervised by Dr. Siegfried von Ciriacy-Wantrup (father of conservation economics), Dr. L. Timothy Wallace (later Director of the California State Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) and Dr. George Yadigaroglu (professor of nuclear physics).

While a graduate student he was a member of the U.S. Department of Transportation “Climatic Impact Assessment Program” (CIAP) assessing the environmental and economic impacts of the decline in northern latitude grain production predicted as a consequence of climate change and depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. A decade later ozone and climate protection defined Stephen’s life and passion.

Career

Stephen O. Andersen and Madhava Sarma meeting with the Pope John Paul II in Rome in November 2002

Stephen began his professional career in 1974 at Sierra Club Research where he provided litigation support for cases including energy conservation, forestry, mining, national parks and marine mammal protection. In 1976 he joined the Environmental Law Institute (ELI) as their first economist working on a series of five books on energy conservation and later on a study with Lisle Baker (Suffolk University Law School) on the Vermont Land Gains Tax.

From 1977 to 1986 Dr. Andersen was a professor at College of the Atlantic, Bar Harbor Maine, Visiting Professor at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, and visiting scholar at Kyoto University working with professor Tsuneo Tsukatani on environmental and health economics. While a professor, he was a frequent consultant and expert witness for the Alaska office of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund (SCLDF, now Earthjustice), defending the Tlingit citizens of Angoon Alaska against timber cutting on lands considered sacred, stopping an open-pit molybdenum mine in Misty Fiords National Monument and more. He was also a member of the Board of the Natural Resources Council of Maine and expert witness in litigation that protected the Penobscot River against an inappropriate dam. As Professor, Dr. Andersen was primarily interested in how government institutions could craft regulations and incentives that would motivate industry to operate in the public interest while supplying private markets. He was particularly driven to prove governments could collaborate with industry to successfully protect the environment just as they had collaborated with industry to capture intellectual property and market shares. He also has strong academic interest in compensation economics, risk analysis, and river conservation.

In 1986 he joined the fledgling U.S. EPA team that built the scientific, technical and economic case for protecting the stratospheric ozone layer. At EPA he rose to Deputy Director for Stratospheric Ozone Protection and then transferred to the Climate Protection Partnerships Division where he was Director of Strategic Climate Projects until his retirement from government in 2009.

Stephen was an environmental entrepreneur at EPA who often accomplished his assignments in unconventional ways and complemented regulatory authority with voluntary partnerships and agreements. Three months after joining EPA, Stephen negotiated an agreement with Soviet authorities to carry a U.S. ozone mapping satellite to space on a Soviet rocket, which was made necessary after the Challenger accident. Within two years, he organized the first EPA voluntary programs (the phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in food packaging and the recycling of CFCs in automobile air conditioning). He also founded and managed the first EPA international awards (the U.S. EPA Stratospheric Protection Awards and Climate Protection Awards) the helped create the Industry Cooperative for Ozone Layer Protection (ICOLP) and the Halon Alternatives Research Corporation (HARC) under the Cooperative Research Act. He was EPA Liaison to the U.S. Department of Defense on stratospheric ozone and climate and chaired several DoD committees on solvent validation, aircraft maintenance, manufacturing rockets without ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and certifying the Joint Strike Fighter for particulate emissions.

In 1988 Stephen helped organize the technology assessment panel for the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Montreal Protocol by recruiting primarily experts working companies already pledged to halt the use of ozone-depleting substances. These experts, used corporate and partnership assets to identify or develop technology, to validate technical performance, and to clear away market barriers and create technical standards and procurement policy incentivizing their use.

On a trip to Japan he was introduced to Japanese writer and politician Wakako Hironaka (member Japanese Diet House of Councillors) who gave him a blueprint of how to work with Japanese industry. From that time on, every important partnership was in cooperation with the government and industry of Japan, including a partnership to phaseout ODSs from developing countries within one year of the phaseout in Japan, a partnership with Thailand to phaseout CFCs from refrigerator manufacture and to enact an environmental trade barrier to prevent CFC imports from undercutting price, a partnership of multinational companies operating in Vietnam to avoid increasing dependence on ODSs, and industry cooperation on stratospheric ozone protection in half a dozen Asian countries.

Stephen earned prestigious awards for his work including awards from Brazil (for helping organize a business strategy for ozone layer protection), from Vietnam (for the voluntary pledge to avoid ODSs), from the Russian Federation (for the agreement to launch the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on a soviet Meteor Rocket and for joint military cooperation on ODS phaseout), from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (for technical assessment, treaty vision, and scientific contribution) and from the U.S. EPA for diplomacy, technology cooperation, and original scientific contributions to environmental protection. Stephen is featured in the Montreal Protocol Who’s Who, earned the UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour and the Service to America Career Achievement Medal, which is the highest US award for public service.

Bibliography

• Stephen O. Andersen, Marcel L. Halberstadt and Nathan Borgford-Parnell, 2013. Stratospheric Ozone, Global Warming, and the Principle of Unintended Consequences—An Ongoing Science and Policy Success Story. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA), Critical Review, published online 22 May. 10.1080/10962247.2013.791349 EISSN: 2162-2906 ISSN: 1096-2247.

• Zaelke, Durwood, Stephen O. Andersen and Nathan Borgford-Parnell, 2012. Strengthening Ambition for Climate Mitigation: The Role of the Montreal Protocol in Reducing Short-lived Climate Pollutants. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 21(3): 231–242. doi: 10.1111/reel.12010.

• Molina, Mario, Durwood Zaelke, K. Madhava Sarma, Stephen O. Andersen, Veerabhadran Ramanathan and Donald Kaniaru, 2009. “Reducing Abrupt Climate Change Risk Using the Montreal Protocol and Other Regulatory Actions to Complement Cuts in CO2 Emissions,” in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106:20616-20621.

• Velders, Guus J.M., David W. Fahey, John S. Daniel, Mack MacFarland and Stephen O. Andersen, 2009. “The Large Contribution of Projected HFC Emissions to Future Climate Forcing,” in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 10949-10954.

• Andersen, Stephen O., K. Madhava Sarma and Kristen N. Taddonio, “Technology Transfer for the Ozone Layer: Lessons for Climate Change,” Earthscan Press, London 2007 (Official publication of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Environment Programme).

• Velders, Guus J.M., Stephen O. Andersen, John S. Daniel, David W. Fahey and Mack MacFarland, 2007. “The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting the Climate,” in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 4814-4819.

• Andersen, Stephen O., and Durwood Zaelke, 2003. Industry Genius: Inventions and People Protecting the Climate and Fragile Ozone Layer,” Greenleaf Press, London.

• Andersen, Stephen O., and K. Madhava Sarma, 2002. “Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History,” Earthscan Press, London (Official publication of the United Nations Environment Programme).

• Bishop, Richard C., and Stephen O. Andersen (Eds.), 1985), Natural Resource Economics: Selected Papers, S.V. Ciriacy-Wantrup, Westview Press.

• Baker, R. Lisle, and Stephen O. Andersen. 1981. Taxing Speculative Land Gains: The Vermont Experience. Urban Law Annual, Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law, Vol. 22.

• Andersen, Stephen O., Robert C. Anderson, and Barbara J. Searles. 1978. The Tuna –Porpoise Dilemma, is Conflict Resolution Attainable. Natural Resources Journal. 18:505.

Quotes

• On the occasion of Stephen and K. Madhava Sarma meeting Pope John Paul II at a meeting to persuade the Holy See to join the Montreal Protocol: “We protect the Earth, as you protect the Heavens.”

• To graduate environmental science students at the University of Michigan: “Dismiss skepticism, master science and technical topics, practice technical optimism, embrace engineering and business genius, and celebrate the extraordinary environmental success sure to follow.”

External links

• Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development [1]
• Service to America Medal video link [2]
• Critical Review, Air & Waste Management Association [3]
• Association of Climate Change Officers [4]

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