1983–84 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season: Difference between revisions
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On December 5, an area of convection persisted between [[Agaléga]] and [[Diego Garcia]], which corresponded to a satellite-derived [[Dvorak technique|Dvorak rating]] of T2.0;<ref name="mad"/> on this basis, MFR assessed the system as a tropical disturbance, and later that day, JTWC also initiated advisories.<ref name="abt">{{cite report|author=Knapp, K. R.|author2=M. C. Kruk|author3=D. H. Levinson|author4=H. J. Diamond|author5=C. J. Neumann|year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=1984 Andry (1983339S10065))|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|accessdate=2013-07-27|url=http://atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_v03r04/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r04-1983339S10065}}</ref> The Réunion Meteorological Service named the system Andry. On December 7, the storm intensified into a tropical cyclone,<ref name="mad"/> the same day that the JTWC upgraded Andry to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane.<ref name="abt"/> After having moved to the west, the cyclone turned more to the west-southwest, and while doing so it passed just south of Agaléga. There, Andry produced a peak wind gust of {{convert|174|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, which damaged most houses on the island and injured 30 people.<ref name="mad"/> |
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Cyclone Andry reached peak winds of December 9, when MFR estimated winds of 170 km/h (105 mph). The next day, JTWC estimated 1 minute winds of 240&nbs;/km/h (150 mph).<ref name="abt"/> Around that time, Andry was passing just north of the northernmost tip of Madagascar at [[Antsiranana|Diego-Suarez]], where the storm produced wind gusts of {{convert|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="mad"/> The cyclone weakened while curving to the southwest and later to the south,<ref name="abt"/> making landfall on western Madagascar near [[Mahajanga|Majunga]] with wind gusts of {{convert|198|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. While over land and turning to the southeast, Andry rapidly weakened into a tropical depression, which later passed near the capital [[Antananarivo]]. The storm emerged back into the Indian Ocean on December 14, by which time the system was disorganized.<ref name="mad"/> That day, MFR estimated that Andry dissipated, although the JTWC assessed that the system re-intensified slightly and turned sharply southwestward before dissipating over Madagascar on December 16.<ref name="abt"/> |
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Revision as of 05:26, 27 July 2013
| 1983–84 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season | |
|---|---|
 Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | 14 July 1983 |
| Last system dissipated | 16 April 1984 |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 11 |
| Total storms | 11 |
| Tropical cyclones | 4 |
| Total fatalities | Unknown |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Related articles | |
The 1983–84 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an average cyclone season.
Season summary
The 11 named storms was slightly above the normal of 9, most of which formed in January and February. There were four intense tropical cyclones, which is twice the average. The increased activity of the season was in part due to enhanced easterlies, a strong monsoon trough, and warm water temperatures around 28 °C (82 °F) which extended to 25° S.[1]
Storms
Cyclone 01S
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | July 14 (entered basin) – July 15 (exited basin) |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Cyclone 05S
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | November 20 – November 25 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Andry
| Intense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | December 5 – December 14 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 927 hPa (mbar) |
On December 5, an area of convection persisted between Agaléga and Diego Garcia, which corresponded to a satellite-derived Dvorak rating of T2.0;[2] on this basis, MFR assessed the system as a tropical disturbance, and later that day, JTWC also initiated advisories.[3] The Réunion Meteorological Service named the system Andry. On December 7, the storm intensified into a tropical cyclone,[2] the same day that the JTWC upgraded Andry to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane.[3] After having moved to the west, the cyclone turned more to the west-southwest, and while doing so it passed just south of Agaléga. There, Andry produced a peak wind gust of 174 km/h (108 mph), which damaged most houses on the island and injured 30 people.[2]
Cyclone Andry reached peak winds of December 9, when MFR estimated winds of 170 km/h (105 mph). The next day, JTWC estimated 1 minute winds of 240&nbs;/km/h (150 mph).[3] Around that time, Andry was passing just north of the northernmost tip of Madagascar at Diego-Suarez, where the storm produced wind gusts of 250 km/h (160 mph).[2] The cyclone weakened while curving to the southwest and later to the south,[3] making landfall on western Madagascar near Majunga with wind gusts of 198 km/h (123 mph). While over land and turning to the southeast, Andry rapidly weakened into a tropical depression, which later passed near the capital Antananarivo. The storm emerged back into the Indian Ocean on December 14, by which time the system was disorganized.[2] That day, MFR estimated that Andry dissipated, although the JTWC assessed that the system re-intensified slightly and turned sharply southwestward before dissipating over Madagascar on December 16.[3]
Intense Tropical Cyclone Bakoly
| Intense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | December 19 – December 30 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 927 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Caboto
| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
 | |
| Duration | January 4 – January 10 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Domoina
| Severe tropical storm (MFR) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | January 19 – January 30 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 976 hPa (mbar) |
Domoina developed on January 16 off the northeast coast of Madagascar. With a ridge to the north,[2] the storm tracked generally westward and later southwestward. On January 21, Domoina struck eastern Madagascar. After crossing the country, Domoina strengthened in the Mozambique Channel to peak winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). On January 28, the storm made landfall in southern Mozambique, and slowly weakened over land. Domoina crossed into Swaziland and later eastern South Africa before dissipating on February 2.[4]
In Mozambique, Domoina dropped heavy rainfall in the capital Maputo that accounted for 40% of the annual total.[5] Floods in the country destroyed over 50 small dams and left widespread crop damage just before the summer harvest.[5][6] Later, the rains caused the worst flooding in over 20 years in Swaziland,[7] which damaged or destroyed more than 100 bridges.[8] Disrupted transport left areas isolated for several days.[9] In South Africa, rainfall peaked at 950 mm (37 in),[10] which flooded 29 river basins, notably the Pongola River which altered its course after the storm.[11] Flooding caused the Pongolapoort Dam to reach 87% of its capacity; when waters were released to maintain the structural integrity, additional flooding occurred in Mozambique, forcing thousands to evacuate.[12] Throughout the region, Domoina caused widespread flooding that damaged houses, roads, and crops, leaving about $199 million in damage. There were 242 deaths in southeastern Africa.[13][5][6]
Moderate Tropical Storm Edoara
| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | January 21 – January 25 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Cyclone Vivienne-Fanja
| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
| Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | January 27 (entered basin) – January 30 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 80 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Galy
| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
 | |
| Duration | January 29 – February 4 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Haja
| Severe tropical storm (MFR) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | February 7 – February 19 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 976 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Imboa
| Severe tropical storm (MFR) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | February 10 – February 19 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 976 hPa (mbar) |
While offshore South Africa, Imboa dropped heavy rainfall along the coast, including over 350 mm (14 in) in some locations. The rains caused flooding along the Mhlatuze and Mfuluzone rivers,[11] which destroyed a temporary bridge along the Umfolozi River built after Domoina.[6] Along the coast, Imboa produced high tides that caused beach erosion.[14] There were four deaths in the country.[6]
Intense Tropical Cyclone Annette-Jaminy
| Intense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | February 16 (entered basin) – February 22 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 927 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Kamisy
| Intense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | April 3 – April 16 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 927 hPa (mbar) |
Cyclone Kamisy struck northern Madagascar on April 8 with winds of 115 mph. 82 people were killed and 100,000 were left homeless. Damage in the area was enormous, totaling to more than 150 million (1984 USD). [15]
References
- ^ Mark R. Jury; Beenay Pathack; Bin Wang; Mark Powell; Nirivololona Raholijao (1993). "A Destructive Cyclone Season in the SW Indian Ocean: January-February 1984" (PDF). 95. University of Hawaii at Manoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f La Météorlogie, Service de la Réunion (September 1984). "La Saison Cyclonique 1983-1984 A Madagascar" (PDF). Madagascar: Revue de Géographie (in French). 43 (Juil-Déc 1983): 146. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ^ a b c d e Knapp, K. R.; M. C. Kruk; D. H. Levinson; H. J. Diamond; C. J. Neumann (2010). 1984 Andry (1983339S10065)). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
- ^ Knapp, K. R.; M. C. Kruk; D. H. Levinson; H. J. Diamond; C. J. Neumann (2010). 1984 Domonia (1984016S15073)). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ^ a b c Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance. Annual Report for FY 1984 (PDF) (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
- ^ a b c d Dick DeAngelis (Summer 1984). "Hurricane Alley". Mariners Weather Log. 28 (3). United States Department of Commerce: 182-183.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) Cite error: The named reference "mwl" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ "Hurricane Hits Swaziland". The Spokesman-Review. 1984-01-31. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
- ^ "Swazi Storm Toll Rises to 39". The New York Times. Reuters. 1984-02-05. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- ^ United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (February 1984). Swaziland Floods Feb 1984 UNDRO Situation Reports 1-6 (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
- ^ Z.P. Kovács; D.B. Du Plessis; P.R. Bracher; P. Dunn; G.C.L. Mallory (May 1985). Documentation of the 1984 Domoina Floods (PDF) (Report). Department of Water Affairs (South Africa).
- ^ a b J.N. Rossouw (January 1985). The effects of the Domoina floods and releases from the Pongolapoort Dam on the Pongolo floodplain (PDF) (Report). Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Cite error: The named reference "dwaf" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Álbaro Carmo Vaz (November 2000). Coping with Floods - The Experience of Mozambique (Report). 1st WARFSA/WaterNet Symposium: Sustainable Use of Water Resources. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
- ^ Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993). Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 2013-07-19.
- ^ Renzo Perissinotto, Derek D. Stretch, Ricky H. Taylor, ed. (2013). Ecology and Conservation of Estuarine Ecosystems: Lake St Lucia as a Global Model. New York: Cambridge University. ISBN 978-1-107-01975-1. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ The Weather Doctor's Diary: April