Aš (cuneiform)

Cuneiform sign for aš, dil, ina, ṭel, and as sumerogram AŠ, (from the Epic of Gilgamesh).

Amarna letter 362-(Reverse), Rib-Hadda to Pharaoh, with usage of cuneiform aš in the spelling of šapāru, "to send in writing)" (two locations in letter, line 18 obverse, line 52 reverse).
(high resolution, expandible photo)

The cuneiform Aš sign, is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the Epic, it has the following meanings, besides aš:

aš

dil

ina

ṭel

AŠ

Some special considerations for a single "cuneiform sign" are as follows. In Egyptian hieroglyphs, the space for a group of signs (in cuneiform, a group of individual strokes), is called (quadrat)-block. Among cuneiform signs, only a handful of signs are found in single usage. For aš specifically, its highest usage in the Epic of Gilgamesh is for the preposition ina (for in, into, etc.). The specific usage numbers for the sign's meaning in the Epic is as follows: aš-(4), dil-(3), ina-(284), ṭel-(1), AŠ-(1). The high usage as the preposition may be for space considerations, but it should be considered that the Epic of Gilgamesh was also a "training document" for scribes, over hundreds of years, so the multi-functioning of signs may also have been in issue, (one cuneiform sign substituted for the prepostion: i-na, of two signs.)

Usage in the Amarna letters

The most common use of cuneiform aš in the Amarna letters is for the spelling of "šapāru", for to send, to send in writing.

References

• Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
• Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.
• Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8, Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.

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