List of United States Supreme Court copyright case law: Difference between revisions
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This is a |
This is a list of [[Supreme Court of the United States]] cases in the area of [[Copyright law of the United States|copyright law]]. |
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== 19th century == |
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* ''[[Wheaton v. Peters]]'', 33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 591 (1834) There is no such thing as common law copyright and one must observe the formalities to secure a copyright. |
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* ''[[Trade-Mark Cases]]'', 100 U.S. 82 (1879) - [[Copyright Clause]] does not give Congress the power to regulate [[trademarks]] |
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* ''[[Baker v. Selden]]'', 101 U.S. 99 (1879) Idea-expression divide; differences between copyright & patent law |
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* ''[[Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony]]'', 111 U.S. 53 (1884) Extended copyright protection to photography. |
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* ''[[Banks v. Manchester]]'', 128 US 244, 9 S Ct 36 (1888) - No copyright in state Supreme Court opinions. |
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== 20th century == |
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* ''[[Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Company]]'', 188 U.S. 239 (1903) - Copyright protection of illustrations made for advertisements |
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* ''[[White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company]]'', 209 U.S. 1 (1908) Reproduction of the sounds of musical instruments playing music for which copyright granted not a violation of the copyright. |
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* ''[[Bobbs-Merrill Co v. Straus]]'', 210 U.S. 339 (1908) No license to use copyrighted material. License cannot extend holder's rights beyond statute defined by Congress. |
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* ''[[Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell]]'', 229 U.S. 1 (1913) Differences between patent and copyright defined also prohibits a license from extending rightsholders' rights beyond statute. Rights of copyright holder regarding “use” of copyrighted works. |
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* ''[[Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.]]'', 283 U.S. 191 (1931) - A hotel operator which provided headphones connected to a centrally-controlled radio receiver was guilty of copyright infringement, because "reception of a radio broadcast and its translation into audible sound is not a mere audition of the original program. It is essentially a reproduction." NB: Gene Buck, plaintiff, was president of [[ASCAP]]. |
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* ''[[Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal]]'', 286 U.S. 123 (1932) |
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* ''[[F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.]]'', 344 U.S. 227 (1952) Provided wide latitude to judges when determining legal remedies based on the facts of the case. |
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* ''[[Mazer v. Stein]]'', 347 U.S. 201 (1954) Extended copyright protection to applied art. |
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* ''[[Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Loew's, Inc.]]'', 356 U.S. 43 (1958), aff'd 4-4 sub. nom., ''Benny v. Loew's'', 239 F.2d 532 (9th Cir. 1956) |
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* ''[[Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.]]'', 392 U.S. 390 (1968) - Receiving a television broadcast (of a licensed work) does not constitute a "performance" |
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* ''[[Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting]]'', 415 U.S. 394 (1974) - Receiving a television broadcast does not constitute a "performance" |
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* ''[[Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States]]'', 487 F.2d 1345, aff'd by an equally divided court, 420 U.S. 376, 95 S.Ct. 1344 (1975) |
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* ''[[Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken]]'', 422 U.S. 151 (1975) - Receiving a radio broadcast of a licensed work does not constitute a "performance". This effectively overruled ''[[Buck v. Jewel-LaSalle Realty Co.]]'' (1931) |
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* ''[[Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.]]'' (the "Betamax case"), 464 U.S. 417 (1984) |
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* ''[[Dowling v. United States (1985)|Dowling v. United States]]'', 473 U.S. 207 (1985) Copyright infringement is not theft, conversion, or fraud; illegally-made copies are not stolen goods. |
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* ''[[Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises]]'', 471 U.S. 539 (1985) The interest served by republication of a public figure's account of an event is not sufficient to permit nontransformative fair use. |
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* ''[[Mills Music, Inc v. Snyder]]'', 469 U.S. 153 (1985). Assignment of royalties under the Copyright Act |
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* ''[[Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid]]'', 490 U.S. 730 (1989) Works for hire. |
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* ''[[Stewart v. Abend]]'', 495 U.S. 207 (1990). Rights of the successor of a copyright interest |
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* ''[[Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service]]'', 499 U.S. 340 (1991) Affirmed the need for a minimal amount of creativity before a work is copyrightable. "Sweat of the brow" alone is not sufficient to bestow copyright. |
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* ''[[Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.]]'', 510 U.S. 569 (1994) Commercial parody can be fair use. |
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* ''[[Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.]]'', 510 U.S. 517 (1994) - Attorney's fees in copyright litigation may be awarded to successful defendants, as well as to successful plaintiffs |
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* ''[[Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.]]'', 516 U.S. 233 (1995). Scope of software copyrights. |
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* ''[[Quality King v. L'anza]]'', 523 U.S. 135 (1998) - [[First sale doctrine]] applies to reimported goods |
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* ''[[Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television]]'', 523 US 340 (1998). Seventh Amendment right to jury trial in a copyright infringement case |
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== 21st century == |
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* ''[[New York Times Company v. Tasini]]'', 533 U.S. 483 (2001) Freelance journalists did not grant electronic republication rights for collective work. |
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* ''[[Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.]]'', 539 U.S. 23 (2003) Trademark cannot preserve rights to a public domain work. |
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* ''[[Eldred v. Ashcroft]]'', 537 U.S. 186 (2003) Congress may retroactively extend the duration of works still under copyright, as long as the extension is limited. |
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* ''[[MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.]]'', 545 U.S. 913 (2005) Distributors of peer-to-peer file-sharing software can be liable for copyright infringement if there are "affirmative steps taken to foster infringement". |
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* ''[[Reed Elsevier v. Muchnick]]'', 559 US 154 (2010) - Settlement of copyright infringement claims relating to an electronic database |
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* ''[[Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp.]]'', 562 U.S. -- (2010), aff'g 541 F.3d 982 (9th Cir. 2008) |
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* ''[[Golan v. Holder]]'', 132 S. Ct. 873 (2012) The Constitution gives broad discretion to Congress to decide how best to promote the "progress of science and the useful arts" |
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* ''[[Kirtsaeng v. Wiley]]'', 568 U.S. -- (2013) - The first-sale doctrine applies to copyrighted works made lawfully overseas. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Case''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Citation''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Year''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Vote''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Classification''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Subject Matter''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Opinions''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Statute Interpreted''' |
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Summary''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[Wheaton v. Peters]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/33/591.html 33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 591]||1834||5 - 2||Substantive||Copyrightability/Common law Copyright/Formalities||'''Majority:'''<br> [[John McLean|McLean]] <br>'''Dissent:''' [[Smith Thompson|Thompson]], [[Henry Baldwin (judge)|Baldwin]]||||There is no such thing as common law copyright and one must observe the formalities to secure a copyright. |
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| ''[[Trade-Mark Cases]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/100/82.html 100 U.S. 82]||1879||9 - 0||Non-Copyright||Constitutional basis for Trademark regulation||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Samuel Freeman Miller|Miller]] (unanimous)||||Copyright Clause does not give Congress the power to regulate trademarks |
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| ''[[Baker v. Selden]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/101/99.html 101 U.S. 99]||1879||9 - 0||Substantive||[[Idea–expression divide|Idea/Expression Dichotomy]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Joseph P. Bradley|Bradley]] (unanimous)||||[[Idea-expression divide]]; differences between copyright & patent law |
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| ''[[Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/111/53.html 111 U.S. 53]||1884||9 - 0||Substantive||Copyrightability of photography||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Samuel Freeman Miller|Miller]] (unanimous)||||Extended copyright protection to photography. |
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| ''[[Banks v. Manchester]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/128/244.html 128 U.S. 244]||1888||9 - 0||Substantive||Copyrightability of laws||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Samuel Blatchford|Blatchford]] (unanimous)||||No copyright in state Supreme Court opinions. |
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| ''[[Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Company]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/188/239.html 188 U.S. 239]||1903||7 - 2||Substantive||Copyrightability of commercial art||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]] <br>'''Dissent:''' [[John Marshall Harlan|Harlan]] ([[Joseph McKenna|McKenna]])||||Copyright protection of illustrations made for advertisements |
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| ''[[United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/208/260.html 208 U.S. 260]||1908||9 - 0||Substantive||Formalities||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]] (unanimous)|||| |
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| ''[[White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/209/1.html 209 U.S. 1]||1908||9 - 0||Substantive||Public performance right in music||'''Majority:'''<br> [[William R. Day|Day]] (unanimous) <br> '''Concurrence:''' [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]]||||Reproduction of the sounds of musical instruments playing music for which copyright granted not a violation of the copyright. |
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| ''[[Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/210/339.html 210 U.S. 339]||1908||9 - 0||Substantive||[[First-sale doctrine|First-sale doctrine]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[William R. Day|Day]] (unanimous)||||No license to use copyrighted material. License cannot extend holder's rights beyond statute defined by Congress. |
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| ''[[Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/222/55.htm 222 U.S. 55]||1911||9 - 0||Substantive||[[Derivative work|Derivative works]] and [[Secondary liability]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]] (unanimous)|||| |
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| ''[[Ferris v. Frohman]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/223/424.html 223 U.S. 424]||1912||9 - 0||Substantive||Publication and Public Performance||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Charles Evans Hughes|Hughes]] (unanimous)|||| |
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| ''[[Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/229/1.html 229 U.S. 1]||1913||5 - 4||Non-Copyright||Intersection of patents and [[First-sale doctrine|first-sale doctrine]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[William R. Day|Day]] <br> '''Dissent:''' [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]] ([[Joseph McKenna|McKenna]], [[Horace Harmon Lurton|Lurton]], [[Willis Van Devanter|Van Devanter]])||||Differences between patent and copyright defined also prohibits a license from extending rightsholders' rights beyond statute. Rights of copyright holder regarding “use” of copyrighted works. |
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| ''[[Herbert v. Shanley Co.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/242/591.html 242 U.S. 591]||1917||9 - 0||Substantive||Public performance of live music in business establishments||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]] (unanimous)||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]|| |
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| ''[[International News Service v. Associated Press]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/248/215.html 248 U.S. 215]||1918||5 - 3||Non-Copyright||Hot News||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Mahlon Pitney|Pitney]] <br> '''Dissent:''' [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.|Holmes]] ([[Joseph McKenna|McKenna]]), [[Louis Brandeis|Brandeis]]|||| |
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| ''[[Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/283/191.html 283 U.S. 191]||1931||9 - 0||Substantive||Public performance right in radio broadcasts in business establishments||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Louis Brandeis|Brandeis]] (unanimous)||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]|| A hotel operator which provided headphones connected to a centrally-controlled radio receiver was guilty of copyright infringement, because "reception of a radio broadcast and its translation into audible sound is not a mere audition of the original program. It is essentially a reproduction." NB: Gene Buck, plaintiff, was president of ASCAP. |
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| ''[[Fox Film Corp v. Doyal]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/286/123.html 286 U.S. 123]||1932||9 - 0||Substantive||Taxation of royalties||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Charles Evans Hughes|Hughes]] (unanimous)|||| |
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| ''[[Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/306/30.htm 306 U.S. 30]||1938||6 - 3||Substantive||Formalities||'''Majority:'''<br> [[James Clark McReynolds|McReynolds]] <br> '''Dissent:''' [[Hugo Black|Black]] ([[Owen Roberts|O. Roberts]], [[Stanley Forman Reed|Reed]])||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]||The 1909 Act's deposit requirement did not require immediate deposit, or deposit before infringement occurs, in order to bring a suit for infringement |
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| ''[[Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/309/390.html 309 U.S. 390]||1940||8 - 0||Procedural||Damages||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Charles Evans Hughes|Hughes]] (unanimous)||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]||In the case of an unauthorized adaptation, court may elect to award only a portion of an infringer's profits to the plaintiff. |
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| ''[[Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/318/643.html 318 U.S. 643]||1943||9 - 0||Substantive||Renewal terms and assignment||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Felix Frankfurter|Frankfurter]] (unanimous)||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]|| |
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| ''[[United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/334/131.htm 334 U.S. 131]||1948||7 - 1||Non-Copyright||Antitrust||'''Majority:'''<br> [[William O. Douglas|Douglas]] <br> '''Dissent:''' [[Felix Frankfurter|Frankfurter]] (in part)||[[Sherman Antitrust Act]]|| |
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| ''[[F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/334/227.html 344 U.S. 227]||1952||7 - 2||Procedural||Election of remedies (Statutory Damages)||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Robert H. Jackson|Jackson]] <br> '''Dissent:''' [[Hugo Black|Black]] ([[Felix Frankfurter|Frankfurter]])||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]||Court may grant statutory damages, even when infringer proves its gross profits were less than the statutory award. Judges granted wide lattitude when determining legal remedies based on the facts of the case. |
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| ''[[Mazer v. Stein]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/347/201.html 347 U.S. 201]||1954||7 - 2||Substantive||Copyrightability of sculpture and [[Idea–expression divide|Idea/Expression Dichotomy]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Stanley Forman Reed|Reed]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[William O. Douglas|Douglas]] ([[Hugo Black|Black]])||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]||Extended copyright protection to functional art. |
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| ''[[De Sylva v. Ballentine]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/351/570.html 351 U.S. 570]||1956||9 - 0||Substantive||Renewal terms and beneficiaries||'''Majority:'''<br> [[John Marshall Harlan II|Harlan II]] (unanimous)||[[Copyright Act of 1909]]|| |
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| ''[[Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Loew's, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/356/43.html 356 U.S. 43]||1958||4 - 4||Substantive||[[Fair use]] in parody||||||aff'd 4-4 sub. nom., Benny v. Loew's, 239 F.2d 532 (9th Cir. 1956) |
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| ''[[Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/392/390.html 392 U.S. 390]||1968||5 - 1||Substantive||Public performance of broadcast television||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Potter Stewart|Stewart]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Abe Fortas|Fortas]]||||Receiving a television broadcast (of a licensed work) does not constitute a "performance" |
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| ''[[Goldstein v. California]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/412/546.html 412 U.S. 546]||1973||5 - 4||Non-Copyright||Federal pre-emption of state criminal copyright law||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Warren E. Burger|Burger]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[William O. Douglas|Douglas]] ([[William J. Brennan, Jr.|Brennan]], [[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]]), [[Thurgood Marshall|Marshall]] ([[William J. Brennan, Jr.|Brennan]], [[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]])|||| |
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| ''[[Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/415/394.html 415 U.S. 394]||1974||6 - 3||Substantive||Public performance of broadcast television||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Potter Stewart| <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]] (in part), [[William O. Douglas|Douglas]] ([[Warren E. Burger|Burger]])||||Receiving a television broadcast does not constitute a "performance" |
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| ''[[Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/422/151.html 422 U.S. 151]||1975||7 - 2||Substantive||Public performance of radio broadcasts in business establishments||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Potter Stewart|Stewart]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Warren E. Burger|Burger]] ([[William O. Douglas|Douglas]]) <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]]||||Receiving a radio broadcast of a licensed work does not constitute a "performance". This effectively overruled Buck v. Jewel-LaSalle Realty Co. (1931) |
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| ''[[Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/320/376.html 420 U.S. 376]||1976||4 - 4||Substantive||[[Fair use]] in photocopies||||||aff'd by an equally divided court, 420 U.S. 376, 95 S.Ct. 1344 (1975) |
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| ''[[Broadcast Music v. Columbia Broadcasting System]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/441/1.htm 441 U.S. 1]||1979||8 - 1||Non-Copyright||Antitrust and copyright collective rights organizations||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Byron White|White]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]]||[[Sherman Antitrust Act]]|| |
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| ''[[Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/464/417.html 464 U.S. 417]||1984||5 - 4||Substantive||[[Secondary liability]] and [[Fair use|fair use]] in home recordings||'''Majority:'''<br> [[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]] ([[Thurgood Marshall|Marshall]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.|Powell]], [[William Rehnquist|Rehnquist]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||The Betamax Case |
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| ''[[Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/469/153.html 469 U.S. 153]||1985||5 - 4||Substantive||Termination||'''Majority:'''<br> [[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Byron White|White]] ([[William J. Brennan, Jr.|Brennan]], [[Thurgood Marshall|Marshall]], [[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Assignment of royalties under the Copyright Act |
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| ''[[Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/471/539.html 471 U.S. 539]||1985||6 - 3||Substantive||[[Fair use]] in excerpts||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Sandra Day O'Connor|O'Connor]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[William J. Brennan, Jr.|Brennan]] ([[Byron White|White]], [[Thurgood Marshall|Marshall]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||The interest served by republication of a public figure's account of an event is not sufficient to permit nontransformative [[Fair use]]. |
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| ''[[Dowling v. United States (1985)|Dowling. v. United States]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/473/207.html 473 U.S. 207]||1985||6 - 3||Non-Copyright||Criminal law impact of infringement||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.|Powell]] ([[Warren E. Burger|Burger]], [[Byron White|White]])||||Copyright infringement is not theft, conversion, or fraud; illegally-made copies are not stolen goods. |
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| ''[[Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/490/730.html 490 U.S. 730]||1989||9 - 0||Substantive||Work-made-for-hire||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Thurgood Marshall|Marshall]] (unanimous)||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Works for hire. |
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| ''[[Stewart v. Abend]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/495/207.html 495 U.S. 207]||1990||6 - 3||Substantive||[[Derivative work|Derivative works]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Sandra Day O'Connor|O'Connor]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]] ([[William Rehnquist|Rehnquist]], [[Antonin Scalia|Scalia]]) <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Byron White|White]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Rights of the successor of a copyright interest |
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| ''[[Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/499/340.html 499 U.S. 340]||1991||9 - 0||Substantive||Copyrightability of Facts and [[Idea–expression divide|Idea/Expression Dichotomy]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Sandra Day O'Connor|O'Connor]] <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Harry Blackmun|Blackmun]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Affirmed the need for a minimal amount of creativity before a work is copyrightable. "Sweat of the brow" alone is not sufficient to bestow copyright. |
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| ''[[Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/510/517.html 510 U.S. 517]||1994||9 - 0||Procedural||Attorneys Fees||'''Majority:'''<br> [[William Rehnquist|Rehnquist]] <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Clarence Thomas|Thomas]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Attorney's fees in copyright litigation may be awarded to successful defendants, as well as to successful plaintiffs |
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| ''[[Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/510/569.html 510 U.S. 569]||1994||9 - 0||Substantive||[[Fair use]] in Commercial Parody||'''Majority:'''<br> [[David Souter|Souter]] <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Anthony Kennedy|Kennedy]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Commercial parody can be [[fair use]]. |
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| ''[[Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/516/233.html 516 U.S. 233]||1995||4 - 4||Substantive||Copyrightability of software program interfaces||||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Scope of software copyrights. |
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| ''[[Quality King Distributors, Inc. v. L'anza Research Int'l, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/523/135.html 523 U.S. 135]||1998||9 - 0||Substantive||Reimportation||'''Majority:'''<br> [[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]] <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||[[First-sale doctrine|First-sale doctrine]] applies to reimported goods |
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| ''[[Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/523/340.html 523 U.S. 340]||1998||9 - 0||Procedural||Right to Jury Trial on Statutory Damages||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Clarence Thomas|Thomas]] <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Antonin Scalia|Scalia]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||[[Seventh Amendment]] right to jury trial in a copyright infringement case |
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| ''[[New York Times Co. v. Tasini]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/533/483.html 533 U.S. 483]||2001||7 - 2||Substantive||Collective works||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]] ([[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Freelance journalists did not grant electronic republication rights for collective work. |
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| ''[[Eldred v. Ashcroft]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/537/186.html 537 U.S. 186]||2003||7 - 2||Substantive||Term Extension||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]], [[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]]||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Challenge to [[Copyright Term Extension Act]] of 1998; held Congress may retroactively extend the duration of works still under copyright, as long as the extension is limited. |
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| ''[[Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/539/23.html 539 U.S. 23]||2003||8 - 0||Non-Copyright||Intersection of TM law with public domain works||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Antonin Scalia|Scalia]] (unanimous)||[[Lanham Act]]||Trademark cannot preserve rights to a public domain work. |
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| ''[[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/545/913.html 545 U.S. 913]||2005||9 - 0||Substantive||[[Secondary liability]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[David Souter|Souter]] (unanimous) <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]] ([[William Rehnquist|Rehnquist]], [[Anthony Kennedy|Kennedy]]), [[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]] ([[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]], [[Sandra Day O'Connor|O'Connor]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Distributors of peer-to-peer file-sharing software can be liable for copyright infringement if there are "affirmative steps taken to foster infringement". |
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| ''[[Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/559/154.html 559 U.S. 154]||2010||8 - 0||Procedural||Registration||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Clarence Thomas|Thomas]] <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]] ([[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]], [[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Settlement of copyright infringement claims relating to an electronic database |
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| ''[[Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/000/08-1423.html 562 U.S. ___]||2010||4 - 4||Substantive||[[First-sale doctrine|First-sale doctrine]]||||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||aff'g 541 F.3d 982 (9th Cir. 2008) |
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| ''[[Golan v. Holder]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/000/10-545.html 565 U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 873]||2012||6 - 2||Substantive||Restoration of copyright in public domain works||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]] ([[Samuel Alito|Alito]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||Challenge to [[Uruguay Round Agreements Act]]; held Constitution gives broad discretion to Congress to decide how best to promote the "progress of science and the useful arts", including restoring copyright in public domain works. |
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| ''[[Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.]]''||[http://laws.findlaw.com/us/000/11-697.html 568 U.S. ___, 133 S. Ct. 1351]||2013||6 - 3||Substantive||[[First-sale doctrine|First-sale doctrine]]||'''Majority:'''<br> [[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]] <br> '''Dissent:'''<br>[[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]] ([[Antonin Scalia|Scalia]] (in part)), [[Anthony Kennedy|Kennedy]]) <br> '''Concurrence:'''<br>[[Elena Kagan|Kagan]] ([[Samuel Alito|Alito]])||[[Copyright Act of 1976]]||The [[First-sale doctrine|first-sale doctrine]] applies to copyrighted works made lawfully overseas. |
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Revision as of 00:54, 10 March 2014
This is a list of Supreme Court of the United States cases in the area of copyright law.
Case | Citation | Year | Vote | Classification | Subject Matter | Opinions | Statute Interpreted | Summary |
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Wheaton v. Peters | 33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 591 | 1834 | 5 - 2 | Substantive | Copyrightability/Common law Copyright/Formalities | Majority: McLean Dissent: Thompson, Baldwin |
There is no such thing as common law copyright and one must observe the formalities to secure a copyright. | |
Trade-Mark Cases | 100 U.S. 82 | 1879 | 9 - 0 | Non-Copyright | Constitutional basis for Trademark regulation | Majority: Miller (unanimous) |
Copyright Clause does not give Congress the power to regulate trademarks | |
Baker v. Selden | 101 U.S. 99 | 1879 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Idea/Expression Dichotomy | Majority: Bradley (unanimous) |
Idea-expression divide; differences between copyright & patent law | |
Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony | 111 U.S. 53 | 1884 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Copyrightability of photography | Majority: Miller (unanimous) |
Extended copyright protection to photography. | |
Banks v. Manchester | 128 U.S. 244 | 1888 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Copyrightability of laws | Majority: Blatchford (unanimous) |
No copyright in state Supreme Court opinions. | |
Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Company | 188 U.S. 239 | 1903 | 7 - 2 | Substantive | Copyrightability of commercial art | Majority: Holmes Dissent: Harlan (McKenna) |
Copyright protection of illustrations made for advertisements | |
United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co. | 208 U.S. 260 | 1908 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Formalities | Majority: Holmes (unanimous) |
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White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company | 209 U.S. 1 | 1908 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Public performance right in music | Majority: Day (unanimous) Concurrence: Holmes |
Reproduction of the sounds of musical instruments playing music for which copyright granted not a violation of the copyright. | |
Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus | 210 U.S. 339 | 1908 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | First-sale doctrine | Majority: Day (unanimous) |
No license to use copyrighted material. License cannot extend holder's rights beyond statute defined by Congress. | |
Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros. | 222 U.S. 55 | 1911 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Derivative works and Secondary liability | Majority: Holmes (unanimous) |
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Ferris v. Frohman | 223 U.S. 424 | 1912 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Publication and Public Performance | Majority: Hughes (unanimous) |
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Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell | 229 U.S. 1 | 1913 | 5 - 4 | Non-Copyright | Intersection of patents and first-sale doctrine | Majority: Day Dissent: Holmes (McKenna, Lurton, Van Devanter) |
Differences between patent and copyright defined also prohibits a license from extending rightsholders' rights beyond statute. Rights of copyright holder regarding “use” of copyrighted works. | |
Herbert v. Shanley Co. | 242 U.S. 591 | 1917 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Public performance of live music in business establishments | Majority: Holmes (unanimous) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | |
International News Service v. Associated Press | 248 U.S. 215 | 1918 | 5 - 3 | Non-Copyright | Hot News | Majority: Pitney Dissent: Holmes (McKenna), Brandeis |
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Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co. | 283 U.S. 191 | 1931 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Public performance right in radio broadcasts in business establishments | Majority: Brandeis (unanimous) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | A hotel operator which provided headphones connected to a centrally-controlled radio receiver was guilty of copyright infringement, because "reception of a radio broadcast and its translation into audible sound is not a mere audition of the original program. It is essentially a reproduction." NB: Gene Buck, plaintiff, was president of ASCAP. |
Fox Film Corp v. Doyal | 286 U.S. 123 | 1932 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Taxation of royalties | Majority: Hughes (unanimous) |
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Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson | 306 U.S. 30 | 1938 | 6 - 3 | Substantive | Formalities | Majority: McReynolds Dissent: Black (O. Roberts, Reed) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | The 1909 Act's deposit requirement did not require immediate deposit, or deposit before infringement occurs, in order to bring a suit for infringement |
Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp. | 309 U.S. 390 | 1940 | 8 - 0 | Procedural | Damages | Majority: Hughes (unanimous) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | In the case of an unauthorized adaptation, court may elect to award only a portion of an infringer's profits to the plaintiff. |
Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons | 318 U.S. 643 | 1943 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Renewal terms and assignment | Majority: Frankfurter (unanimous) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | |
United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. | 334 U.S. 131 | 1948 | 7 - 1 | Non-Copyright | Antitrust | Majority: Douglas Dissent: Frankfurter (in part) |
Sherman Antitrust Act | |
F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc. | 344 U.S. 227 | 1952 | 7 - 2 | Procedural | Election of remedies (Statutory Damages) | Majority: Jackson Dissent: Black (Frankfurter) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | Court may grant statutory damages, even when infringer proves its gross profits were less than the statutory award. Judges granted wide lattitude when determining legal remedies based on the facts of the case. |
Mazer v. Stein | 347 U.S. 201 | 1954 | 7 - 2 | Substantive | Copyrightability of sculpture and Idea/Expression Dichotomy | Majority: Reed Dissent: Douglas (Black) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | Extended copyright protection to functional art. |
De Sylva v. Ballentine | 351 U.S. 570 | 1956 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Renewal terms and beneficiaries | Majority: Harlan II (unanimous) |
Copyright Act of 1909 | |
Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Loew's, Inc. | 356 U.S. 43 | 1958 | 4 - 4 | Substantive | Fair use in parody | aff'd 4-4 sub. nom., Benny v. Loew's, 239 F.2d 532 (9th Cir. 1956) | ||
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc. | 392 U.S. 390 | 1968 | 5 - 1 | Substantive | Public performance of broadcast television | Majority: Stewart Dissent: Fortas |
Receiving a television broadcast (of a licensed work) does not constitute a "performance" | |
Goldstein v. California | 412 U.S. 546 | 1973 | 5 - 4 | Non-Copyright | Federal pre-emption of state criminal copyright law | Majority: Burger Dissent: Douglas (Brennan, Blackmun), Marshall (Brennan, Blackmun) |
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Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting | 415 U.S. 394 | 1974 | 6 - 3 | Substantive | Public performance of broadcast television | Majority: [[Potter Stewart| Dissent: Blackmun (in part), Douglas (Burger) |
Receiving a television broadcast does not constitute a "performance" | |
Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken | 422 U.S. 151 | 1975 | 7 - 2 | Substantive | Public performance of radio broadcasts in business establishments | Majority: Stewart Dissent: Burger (Douglas) Concurrence: Blackmun |
Receiving a radio broadcast of a licensed work does not constitute a "performance". This effectively overruled Buck v. Jewel-LaSalle Realty Co. (1931) | |
Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States | 420 U.S. 376 | 1976 | 4 - 4 | Substantive | Fair use in photocopies | aff'd by an equally divided court, 420 U.S. 376, 95 S.Ct. 1344 (1975) | ||
Broadcast Music v. Columbia Broadcasting System | 441 U.S. 1 | 1979 | 8 - 1 | Non-Copyright | Antitrust and copyright collective rights organizations | Majority: White Dissent: Stevens |
Sherman Antitrust Act | |
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. | 464 U.S. 417 | 1984 | 5 - 4 | Substantive | Secondary liability and fair use in home recordings | Majority: Stevens Dissent: Blackmun (Marshall, Powell, Rehnquist) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | The Betamax Case |
Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder | 469 U.S. 153 | 1985 | 5 - 4 | Substantive | Termination | Majority: Stevens Dissent: White (Brennan, Marshall, Blackmun) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Assignment of royalties under the Copyright Act |
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises | 471 U.S. 539 | 1985 | 6 - 3 | Substantive | Fair use in excerpts | Majority: O'Connor Dissent: Brennan (White, Marshall) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | The interest served by republication of a public figure's account of an event is not sufficient to permit nontransformative Fair use. |
Dowling. v. United States | 473 U.S. 207 | 1985 | 6 - 3 | Non-Copyright | Criminal law impact of infringement | Majority: Blackmun Dissent: Powell (Burger, White) |
Copyright infringement is not theft, conversion, or fraud; illegally-made copies are not stolen goods. | |
Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid | 490 U.S. 730 | 1989 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Work-made-for-hire | Majority: Marshall (unanimous) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Works for hire. |
Stewart v. Abend | 495 U.S. 207 | 1990 | 6 - 3 | Substantive | Derivative works | Majority: O'Connor Dissent: Stevens (Rehnquist, Scalia) Concurrence: White |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Rights of the successor of a copyright interest |
Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. | 499 U.S. 340 | 1991 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Copyrightability of Facts and Idea/Expression Dichotomy | Majority: O'Connor Concurrence: Blackmun |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Affirmed the need for a minimal amount of creativity before a work is copyrightable. "Sweat of the brow" alone is not sufficient to bestow copyright. |
Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc. | 510 U.S. 517 | 1994 | 9 - 0 | Procedural | Attorneys Fees | Majority: Rehnquist Concurrence: Thomas |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Attorney's fees in copyright litigation may be awarded to successful defendants, as well as to successful plaintiffs |
Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. | 510 U.S. 569 | 1994 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Fair use in Commercial Parody | Majority: Souter Concurrence: Kennedy |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Commercial parody can be fair use. |
Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc. | 516 U.S. 233 | 1995 | 4 - 4 | Substantive | Copyrightability of software program interfaces | Copyright Act of 1976 | Scope of software copyrights. | |
Quality King Distributors, Inc. v. L'anza Research Int'l, Inc. | 523 U.S. 135 | 1998 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Reimportation | Majority: Stevens Concurrence: Ginsburg |
Copyright Act of 1976 | First-sale doctrine applies to reimported goods |
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. | 523 U.S. 340 | 1998 | 9 - 0 | Procedural | Right to Jury Trial on Statutory Damages | Majority: Thomas Concurrence: Scalia |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Seventh Amendment right to jury trial in a copyright infringement case |
New York Times Co. v. Tasini | 533 U.S. 483 | 2001 | 7 - 2 | Substantive | Collective works | Majority: Ginsburg Dissent: Stevens (Breyer) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Freelance journalists did not grant electronic republication rights for collective work. |
Eldred v. Ashcroft | 537 U.S. 186 | 2003 | 7 - 2 | Substantive | Term Extension | Majority: Ginsburg Dissent: Stevens, Breyer |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Challenge to Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998; held Congress may retroactively extend the duration of works still under copyright, as long as the extension is limited. |
Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. | 539 U.S. 23 | 2003 | 8 - 0 | Non-Copyright | Intersection of TM law with public domain works | Majority: Scalia (unanimous) |
Lanham Act | Trademark cannot preserve rights to a public domain work. |
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. | 545 U.S. 913 | 2005 | 9 - 0 | Substantive | Secondary liability | Majority: Souter (unanimous) Concurrence: Ginsburg (Rehnquist, Kennedy), Breyer (Stevens, O'Connor) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Distributors of peer-to-peer file-sharing software can be liable for copyright infringement if there are "affirmative steps taken to foster infringement". |
Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick | 559 U.S. 154 | 2010 | 8 - 0 | Procedural | Registration | Majority: Thomas Concurrence: Ginsburg (Stevens, Breyer) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Settlement of copyright infringement claims relating to an electronic database |
Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp. | 562 U.S. ___ | 2010 | 4 - 4 | Substantive | First-sale doctrine | Copyright Act of 1976 | aff'g 541 F.3d 982 (9th Cir. 2008) | |
Golan v. Holder | 565 U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 873 | 2012 | 6 - 2 | Substantive | Restoration of copyright in public domain works | Majority: Ginsburg Dissent: Breyer (Alito) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | Challenge to Uruguay Round Agreements Act; held Constitution gives broad discretion to Congress to decide how best to promote the "progress of science and the useful arts", including restoring copyright in public domain works. |
Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | 568 U.S. ___, 133 S. Ct. 1351 | 2013 | 6 - 3 | Substantive | First-sale doctrine | Majority: Breyer Dissent: Ginsburg (Scalia (in part)), Kennedy) Concurrence: Kagan (Alito) |
Copyright Act of 1976 | The first-sale doctrine applies to copyrighted works made lawfully overseas. |