Ski patrol: Difference between revisions
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:''See also [[Ski Patrol (disambiguation)]] |
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[[Image:Ski Patroller.jpg|thumbnail|Ski patroller with toboggan in tow]]A '''Ski Patrol''' is an organization that provides [[Emergency Medical Services|Emergency Medical]] and rescue services to participants of on-snow sports such as [[skiing]], [[snowboarding]], [[cross-country skiing]], etc., either at a ski area or in a back country setting. Ski patrollers provide emergency medical care with many certified through the National Ski Patrol's Outdoor Emergency Care(OEC) program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Outdoor Emergency Care Program|url=http://www.nsp.org/eduprograms/emergencycare.aspx|website=www.nsp.org|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> The OEC program includes all of the content found in the [[Emergency medical services in the United States|emergency medical service (EMS)]] provider level of [[Emergency medical responder|Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Constance|first1=BB|last2=Auerbach|first2=PS|last3=Johe|first3=DH|title=Prehospital medical care and the National Ski Patrol: how does outdoor emergency care compare to traditional EMS training?|journal=WIlderness and Environmental Medicine|date=June 2012|volume=23|issue=2|pages=177–189|pmid=22656667|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22656667|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> Many patrollers, however, may also hold credentials issued by states including [[Emergency medical technician|Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)]] or [[Paramedic]]. Due to the remote location and terrain, transportation is often limited to [[toboggan]], [[snowmobile]], [[snowcat]], and [[helicopter]]. Patrollers are often well versed in [[avalanche]] search and rescue and other specialized techniques (e.g., [[chairlift]] evacuation, helicopter [[rappelling]]). Patrols work to promote ski safety, enforce area policies (where applicable), and help injured skiers when necessary. Ski patrollers also work to set up the mountain before it opens by conducting trail checks, providing avalanche control work, and setting up necessary equipment in preparation for the day. At the end of the day they also conduct a sweep clearing the mountain for off-hours. |
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Contrary to the name's implications, ski patrollers can be [[snowboarding|snowboarders]] in addition to [[Alpine skiing|alpine]], [[Telemark skiing|telemark]], or [[Cross-country skiing|Nordic]] skiers. Many patrols also have non-skiing positions whereby patrollers no longer able to ski or individuals lacking sufficient skiing or toboggan handling skills can still provide emergency care in a [[first aid room]]. Some ski areas also have a junior ski patrol program in which teenagers between the ages of 15 and 18 years old can participate. Most junior ski patrol programs limit the responsibilities of their members, such as preventing them from running toboggans or administering first aid without supervision. However, there are some areas with junior ski patrol programs which allow their members to operate with the same responsibilities as the rest of the patrol, after meeting the same standard in each skill category as other patrollers. |
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== Fédération Internationale des Patrouilles de Ski == |
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The Fédération Internationale des Patrouilles de Ski (FIPS) is the international organisation representing ski patrol and associated ski safety organisations with membership from throughout the world. These patrol and safety organisations comprise full-time & volunteer ski patrollers, doctors, lawyers, engineers, technicians, ski equipment instructors, ski area managers, etc., who are involved in the multi-disciplinary activities of ski patrolling and safety. |
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Member countries of FIPS are Australia, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Russia, Scotland (UK), Sweden, Switzerland, USA. In addition, there a number of Associate Members who are non-national organisations. |
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The concept of FIPS can be traced back prior to 1979 when the first meeting was held in Calgary, Canada. Although there were many ski patrols in existence at that time, there was very little communication between them. Patrollers who had the opportunity to ski in other countries noticed differences and some commonality in procedures and standards relative to their own. In addition, accident prevention programmes were being implemented in some countries but not in others. A number of countries did not have a national ski patrol organisation. |
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FIPS was created as the world forum for ski patrollers to meet, exchange ideas and compare the latest in patrol techniques on a regular basis. FIPS is supported by national patrol organisations, both large and small, to provide the necessary input and to offer potential solutions to patrolling issues. |
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Not all patrols gain the same benefits from FIPS. Indeed there are many that give a lot more than they receive. This sharing is the essence of FIPS. As more and more countries join FIPS, the interchange of ideas can only improve the effectiveness of ski patrolling and, in turn, benefit the snow sports public. |
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FIPS exists due to the combined efforts of interested patrollers, individual ski patrols and national patrol organisations. With their help, FIPS will continue to grow in size and stature, and will continue to ensure patrollers deliver the best services possible to the skiing public. |
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Over the years FIPS has initiated a number of specific projects of interest to patrollers: |
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== First Aid Committee -1933 == |
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{{Refimprove section|date=May 2011|talk=y}} |
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In 1933 the Schenectady (New York) Wintersports Club was organizing Snow Trains for local skiers to go to the Gore Mountain-Pete Gay Massif above North Creek, New York to enjoy skiing on trails cut by local sports enthusiasts as well as from Schenectady. Because of tales learned of injured skiers on the early (1931) Boston to New Hampshire (Franconia) Snow Trains, the organizers decided to have a large and well prepared First Aid Committee. Headed by Lois Perret (Schaefer), RN, and aided by expert skiers from the Schenectady Wintersports Club, as well as North Creek High School students, a course on first aid and ski related injuries was taught to several dozen recruits. The Snow Trains were delayed because of a lack of snow in 1933/1934, but sufficient snow cover was achieved late, and the first Snow Train reached North Creek March 4, 1934. The First Aid Committee swung into action, sweeping trails for skiers needing assistance. The train acted as a base camp on the siding during the day. While no injuries were treated on that first trip, the First Aid Committee (AKA Ski Patrol) continued active participation on trains reaching North Creek during the pre-war years. They were assisted by a "physician-on-call," Dr. Woodall, a skier who served as head of surgery at Albany (NY) Medical Center. The First Aid Committee of 1933 anticipated the much needed assistance pioneered by Minnie Dole five (5) years later in conjunction with care for injured ski racers who were pushing limits of speed and technique. The first ski patrol was about helping mountainside injuries to regular ski enthusiasts—not racers.<ref>International Ski Heritage Journal 2009.</ref>{{Verify source|date=May 2011}} |
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== National Ski Patrol == |
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[[File:National Ski Patrol (shield).jpg|thumbnail|National Ski Patrol]] |
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The National Ski Patrol in USA was founded in 1938<ref>http://www.trskipatrol.org/national-ski-patrol</ref> by the NSP's first chairman, [[Charles Minot Dole]]. "Minnie," as he was known, decided that a "service and safety" organization was in order after he hurt himself skiing at [[Stowe, Vermont]] and had trouble evacuating himself from the slope. He created the Mount Mansfield Ski Patrol for the National Downhill and Slalom Championship at Mt. Mansfield. Roger F. Langley the president of the National Ski Association asked Dole to consider a national patrol. Dole later went on to create the [[10th Mountain Division]] after seeing Finnish soldiers on skis destroy two armored divisions. One of the few federally chartered not-for-profit organizations in the U.S., the NSP has since become the world's largest winter rescue organization. The NSP's 26,500 paid and volunteer members serve on over 600 patrols. |
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The NSP is composed of 10 geographic divisions plus a single division for all paid patrollers. Members are recognized on the slopes by the red jackets they wear marked by a white cross on the chest and a larger one on the back, or by the older style of blue and rust colored parkas with yellow crosses. |
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Merits, Awards and Ranking; The levels of the National Ski Patrol are 1.Patroller 2.Alpine Patroller 3.Senior 4.Certified. There are also levels of personal achievement given to a Ski Patroller who goes beyond the call of duty is awarded the Yellow Merit Star. The highest Honor of the National Ski Patrol is the Purple merit star, this is awarded for saving a life. <!-- This next claim is questioned: For example, check the awards list for a relatively small patrol in the Rocky Mountain region (http://www.laramienetwork.com/skipatrol/_pdfs/Awards.pdf) where at least one current patroller (Neil Mathison) has been awarded two purple merit starts. Removed "The only current National Ski patroller who has received two purple merit stars for saving a persons life, once in 1995 and 2006 is a National Patroller from Michigan, Daniel A Bodamer (Traverse City MI.) he is a member of the Nubs Nob ski patrol (Harbor Springs MI.)and has been patrolling since 1979." I am a current national certifeid patroller from NH and have received two purple merit stars and one yellow merit star. I also believe there are others and may some with more than two.--> |
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National Ski Patrol has an ongoing education system which includes OEC refreshers, and OEC classes. |
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Over the course of its history, the NSP has helped to develop similar patrol organizations in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Israel, Turkey and Korea. |
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== Canadian Ski Patrol == |
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The [[Canadian Ski Patrol]] is the patrol governing body for Canada. |
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In 1940, Dr. Douglas Firth was asked by the Canadian Amateur Ski Association (CASA) to organize and train a first aid rescue group to patrol the ski hills. The Canadian Ski Patrol System was originally a standing committee of the CASA with independent patrols in different areas. During the years between 1941 and 1948, the war restricted expansion, but the Toronto and Montreal Patrols united to form the nucleus of a national organization. During the next five years, the System expanded in Ontario, Quebec and the Vancouver area. |
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The founder and President of the Quebec area was led by James Harold Millard, a resident of Montreal and Morin Heights. Harold became National Chairman for Canada, following Dr Firth. |
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In the early years, those who were injured were taken down the hill on a toboggan where they were then loaded onto the train for transportation to Montreal for medical care. Many photos of the original patrol in Quebec were turned over to the CSPS in the late 90s for their archives. |
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The family tradition continued when both Harold's daughter-in-law and grandson were members of the CSPS in Ontario and Alberta. |
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The CSP is composed of nine geographic divisions. Members are recognized by the yellow and blue jackets they wear marked by a blue maple leaf superimposed with a yellow cross. (Note: This is not the same as the marketing logo.) Different logos are made at different times. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Emergency medical technician]] |
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*[[Mountain rescue]] |
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*[[Wilderness first aid]] |
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*[[Lifeguard]] |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
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*[http://www.nsp.org National Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://www.skipatrol.ca Canadian Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://www.pspa.org Professional Ski Patrol Association] |
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*[http://www.fips-skipatrol.org/ Fédération Internationale des Patrouilles de Ski / International Federation of Ski Patrollers] |
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*[http://www.skipatrol.org.au Australian Ski Patrol Association] |
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*[http://www.basp.org.uk British Association of Ski Patrollers] |
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*[http://www.svsp.ca Snowvalley Ski Patrol - Barrie Ontario] |
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*[http://www.skipatrol.ch Swiss Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://www.gss.rs/ Serbian Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://aarda.info/ Alberta Avalanche Rescue Dog Association (AARDA)] |
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*[http://www.loonpatrol.org (US) Loon Mountain Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://bearmountainpatrol.com (US) Bear Mountain Patrol] |
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*[http://www.mtbaldyskipatrol.org (US) Mt. Baldy Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://www.mhsp.org (US) Mt. Holly Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://www.nordicbase.com (US) Mt. Pinos Nordic Ski Patrol] |
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*[http://www.homewoodskipatrol.org (US) Homewood Volunteer Ski Patrol, CA] |
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*[http://www.thredboskipatrol.org.au/ (AU) Thredbo Ski Patrol Association Inc] |
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*[http://teachski.com/articles/nsp/nsp.htm] |
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*[http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/about/hist-10mtn.asp] |
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*[http://www.wintersportscompany.com/ Ski Patrol Training] |
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[[Category:Protective service occupations]] |
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[[Category:Rescue]] |
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[[Category:Skiing]] |
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