Operation Density: Difference between revisions
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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*{{cite web|last=Arkin|first=William M.|url=http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil/Books/Arkin/arkin.pdf|title=Divining Victory: Airpower in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War|publisher=Air University Press|location=Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama|date=July 2007}}{{dead link|date=July 2015}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Cordesman |first=Anthony H. |title=Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War |author2=George Sullivan and William D. Sullivan |year=2007|publisher=CSIS |location=Washington}} |
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*Cambanis, Thanassis, ''A Privilege to Die: Inside Hezbollah's Legions and Their Endless War Against Israel'', Free Press, New York, 2010 |
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*{{cite book|last1=Harel|first1=Amos|last2=Issacharoff|first2=Avi|title=34 Days: Israel, Hezbollah, and the War in Lebanon|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|year=2008|ref=citeHI/}} |
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*Lilach Gonen (July 13, 2012), [http://www.iaf.org.il/4384-39287-en/IAF.aspx Opening Strike] |
*Lilach Gonen (July 13, 2012), [http://www.iaf.org.il/4384-39287-en/IAF.aspx Opening Strike] |
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*Dudi (David) Yaron (Augustt 3, 2014), [http://i-hls.com/2014/08/israels-air-force-second-lebanon-war-protective-edge/ Israel’s Air Force: From the Second Lebanon War to Protective Edge] |
*Dudi (David) Yaron (Augustt 3, 2014), [http://i-hls.com/2014/08/israels-air-force-second-lebanon-war-protective-edge/ Israel’s Air Force: From the Second Lebanon War to Protective Edge] |
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Revision as of 23:12, 31 July 2015
| Operation Density | |||||||
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| Part of 2006 Lebanon War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Israel Air Force |
 Hezbollah | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Lt. Gen. Dan Halutz Chief of the Israeli Air Force | Hassan Nasrallah | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Israeli Air Force | Hizbullah Rockets Array | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| None | |||||||
Operation Density (or "Operation Specific Weight", Hebrew: מבצע משקל סגולי), also known as "The Fajr Night", was a Military operation conducted by the Israeli Air Force on the second day of the 2006 Lebanon War. In the operation, official Israeli military sources claim that the majority of Hizbullahs’ long-range rockets were destroyed in air strikes that lasted 34 minutes. Other sources question that the attack had any apparent affects on Hizbullah capabilities.
Background
The 2006 Lebanon War began when Hizbullah captured two Israeli soldiers. As result of this, a forum gathered in the Israeli army HQ in Tel Aviv, about the possible responses to the attack. One suggestion was the launch of "Operation Density", an air strike with the purpose of destroying the long range rocket capability of Hezbollah. After long discussion, the Israeli cabinet approved the operation.
The operation
"All the long-range rockets have been destroyed," Chief of Staff Halutz allegedly told the Israeli government on the second day of the war, "we've won the war."[1]
According to Israeli journalists Harel and Issacharoff the operation was a "Israel's most impressive military action" and a "devastating blow for Hezbollah".[2] But according to an US military analyst William Arkin there were "little evidence" that the Israeli Air Force even attempted, much less succeeded in, wiping out the medium and long range rocket capability in the first days of the war. He dismissed the whole claim as an "absurdity" and a "tale".[3] Another US analyst, Benjamin Lambeth, however, insisted that it was far-fetched to suggest that the "authoritative Israeli leadership pronouncements" were not based on facts. He admitted however that there was "persistent uncertainty" surrounding the "few known facts and figures" concerning the alleged attacks.[4] Anthony Cordesman believed that IAF probably destroyed most long and medium range missiles in the first two days of the war but acknowledged that these claims "have never been validated or described in detail."[5]
Hizbullah long remained silent on this episode of the war. On the sixth anniversary of the Lebanon war Hizbullah chairman Hassan Nasrallah claimed that Hizbullah had known that the Israelis were collecting information on the rocket platforms and launchers and managed to move them without being detected. Most of the locations attacked by the Israeli air force were therefore empty.[6]
American officials claimed that the Israelis overstated the effectiveness of the air war against Hezbullah and cited the failure to hit any of the Hezbullah leaders in spite of dropping 23 tons of bombs on its alleged headquarters bunker.[7] Al-Manar TV station only went dark for two minutes after the strike before it was back into the air. The TV station was bombed 15 times during the war but never faltered after the first hiccup.[8]
References
- ^ Uzi Mahnaimi (27 August 2006). "Humbling of the supertroops shatters Israeli army morale". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 4 December 2011. Original link inaccessible, alternative link "here" (PDF).[dead link]
- ^ Harel and Issacharof, p. 91–92
- ^ Arkin p.128–129
- ^ Lambeth, Benjamin S. (2011). "Air operations in Israel's war against Hezbollah: learning from Lebanon and getting it right in Gaza". RAND Corporation. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
- ^ Cordesman, 2007, p. 10 and 30
- ^ Nour Rida (18 July 2012). "Sayyed Nasrallah Speech on 6th Anniversary of Divine Victory: "Israel's" Operation Was Qualitative Illusion". Moqawama. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
- ^ "U.S. doubts Israeli figures about damage of air war". The Washington Times. 21 July 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^ Cambanis (2007), p. 69–70
Sources
- Arkin, William M. (July 2007). "Divining Victory: Airpower in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War" (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press.[dead link]
- Cordesman, Anthony H.; George Sullivan and William D. Sullivan (2007). Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War. Washington: CSIS.
- Cambanis, Thanassis, A Privilege to Die: Inside Hezbollah's Legions and Their Endless War Against Israel, Free Press, New York, 2010
- Harel, Amos; Issacharoff, Avi (2008). 34 Days: Israel, Hezbollah, and the War in Lebanon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Lilach Gonen (July 13, 2012), Opening Strike
- Dudi (David) Yaron (Augustt 3, 2014), Israel’s Air Force: From the Second Lebanon War to Protective Edge