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m and no such battles like your pretend this is a Filipino Moro territory, I'm gonna watching any of your non-neutral edits you make here, watch out!
 
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#REDIRECT [[Moro attacks on Sabah]]
{{EngvarB|date=November 2014}}
{{R from move}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
:''For the conflict in the Philippines, see [[Moro Conflict]].''
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Moro battles in Sabah
| image = Moro attacks on Sabah (19th century-present).png
| image_size = 350px
| caption = Moro conflict in Sabah from 19th century-present.
| partof = the [[North Borneo dispute]] and [[Moro Conflict]]
| date = Only extensively recorded since 1962<ref name="R.N.1846">{{cite book|author=CAPTAIN THE HON. HENRY KEPPEL, R.N.|title=THE EXPEDITION TO BORNEO OF H.M.S. DIDO FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF PIRACY|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZqAuaWxRhpEC&pg=PA214|year=1846|pages=214–}}</ref> – present<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1962|year2=2014}})
| place = [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]]
| territory =
| result = Security in mainland Sabah was under control, cross border attacks ongoing;
* ''Operation Merdeka'' to invade Sabah under the instruction of [[Ferdinand Marcos]] failed to carry out and the starting of [[South Philippines insurgency|insurgency in the Southern Philippines]] after Marcos soldiers execute a numbers of Moro fighters in an event known as [[Jabidah massacre]].
* [[Nur Misuari]] deported to the Philippines in 2001 under the name of [[Malaysia–Philippines relations|ASEAN relations]] after Malaysian security forces found he had stayed illegally on an island in Sabah to escape from the Philippine authorities after a failed rebellion against the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine Government]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1673857.stm|title=Philippines rebel leader arrested|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=25 November 2001|accessdate=26 September 2015|quote=Malaysia's Inspector-General of Police Norian Mai said Mr Misuari and six of his followers were arrested at 3.30 am on Saturday (1930 GMT Friday) on Jampiras island off Sabah state. Manila had ordered his arrest on charges of instigating a rebellion after the government suspended his governorship of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao, the ARMM. Although the Philippines has no extradition treaty with Malaysia, the authorities have already made clear that they intend to hand Mr Misuari over to the authorities in Manila as soon as possible. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad had said before the arrest that, although his country had provided support to the rebel group in the past in its bid for autonomy, Mr Misuari had not used his powers correctly. "Therefore, we no long feel responsible to provide him with any assistance," he said.|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150926005935/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1673857.stm|archivedate=26 September 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/427980|title=Nur Misuari to be repatriated to stand trial|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=20 December 2001|accessdate=8 July 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140705093825/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/427980|archivedate=5 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>
* Establishment of [[Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah|RCI]] in 2012 when Sabah was infiltrated with a huge numbers of illegal immigrants from the Philippines who escape from the war torn [[Mindanao]] and the [[Sulu Archipelago]].
* Deportation of thousands of [[Illegal immigrants in Malaysia|Filipino illegal immigrants]] in Sabah after they were found collaborating with militants during [[2013 Lahad Datu standoff|a brief of standoff]] with a self-proclaimed Filipino Sultan [[Jamalul Kiram III]] followers in 2013.<ref name = "illegals">{{cite web | url = http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/03/24/14/over-26000-filipino-illegal-migrants-return-sabah |title=Over 26,000 Filipino illegal migrants return from Sabah | first =Mayen | last = Jaymalin|publisher = ABS-CBN News| work = The Philippine Star | date = 25 March 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="provide">{{cite web|url= http://www.theantdaily.com/Top-Stories/-Localised-illegal-immigrants-helping-foreign-relatives-in-Sabah/ |title=‘Localised’ illegal immigrants helping ‘foreign’ relatives in Sabah | first =Kanul | last = Gindol | publisher =The Ant Daily|date=31 May 2014 | accessdate =5 November 2014}}</ref>
* Establishment of [[Eastern Sabah Security Command|ESSCOM]] and [[Eastern Sabah Security Zone|ESSZONE]] in 2013 to counter further Filipino militant infiltrations and to prevent the mass exodus of Filipino illegal immigrants into Sabah.<ref name = "endOP">{{cite web|url= http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/06/29/Ops-daulat-Lahad-datu.aspx |title = Lahad Datu: Ops Daulat officially ends today| first = Muguntan | last = Vanar| publisher = [[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|date= 29 June 2013 | accessdate=11 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/72588 |title= ESSCOM will continue to hold programmes on security within ESSZONE | work = The New Sabah Times |date = 22 October 2013 |accessdate= 26 October 2013 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20140629152805/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/72588 |archivedate=29 June 2014 | deadurl = no}}</ref>
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 =
{{flag|Malaysia}} (1963–present)
* {{flag|Sabah}}
----
'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Australia}} (1963–66) (troops and material aid)<br />
{{flag|New Zealand}} (1963–66) (troops and material aid)<br />{{flag|United Kingdom}} (until 1966) (troops and material aid)<br />{{flag|Brunei}} (moral and material aid)<ref>{{cite book|author=Ranjit Singh|title=Brunei, 1839–1983: the problems of political survival|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XXUfAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-582571-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19890827&id=lrROAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6393,4577378&hl=en|title=No links with Kiram, says Brunei embassy|author=Alito Malinao|publisher=[[Manila Standard]]|date=27 August 1989|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Steven Runciman|title=The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m4_O9GB4KBoC&pg=PA116|date=3 February 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-12899-5|pages=116–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas Tarling|title=Southeast Asia and the Great Powers|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=h0jNY-uPXKoC&pg=PA58|date=17 June 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-22941-2|pages=58–}}</ref><ref name="present">{{cite web|url=http://airheadsfly.com/2015/01/23/brunei-gives-four-black-hawks-as-present-to-malaysia/|title=Brunei gives four Black Hawks as present to Malaysia|author=Marcel Burger|publisher=AIRheads|date=23 January 2015|accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref>
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]]<ref name="iqbal">{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/iqbal-sabah-better-off-under-malaysia/175770/|title=Iqbal: Sabah better off under Malaysia|publisher=[[The Manila Times]]|date=14 April 2015|accessdate=15 April 2015|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150604072517/http://www.manilatimes.net/iqbal-sabah-better-off-under-malaysia/175770/|archivedate=4 June 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref>
| combatant2 =
{{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} [[Moro Pirates]] (Since before 1963–present)
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Abu Sayyaf]] (2000–present)
----
{{flag|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} (Jamalul Kiram faction) (2013–present)
----
'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} [[Government of the Philippines]] (1962–1986)<br />{{flagicon image|Ph mnlf-tripoli.gif}} [[Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction)|Misuari MNLF]] (2001–2015)<ref name="msr">{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877|title=MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction|author=Teoh El Sen|publisher=Astro Awani|date=14 March 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140705095938/http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877|archivedate=5 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="involved">{{cite web|url=http://www.mysinchew.com/node/99892|title=Nur Misuari involved, says Zahid|work=Bernama|publisher=[[Sin Chew Daily|MySinChew English]]|date=16 July 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140716094527/http://www.mysinchew.com/node/99892|archivedate=16 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="misuari statement">{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/123056/mnlf-denies-talks-with-malaysia-over-sabah|title=MNLF denies talks with Malaysia over Sabah|author=Karlos Manlupig|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=17 May 2015|accessdate=18 May 2015|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150517230624/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/123056/mnlf-denies-talks-with-malaysia-over-sabah|archivedate=17 May 2015|deadurl=yes|quote=Misuari, who is hiding after the hostilities in Zamboanga in 2013, maintains his position that only the [[Sultanate of Sulu]] can pursue the negotiations for the Sabah claim. Respecting the fervent wish of the late Sultan Muhammad [[Jamalul Kiram III]] to let alone the Islamic Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo (SSNB) to negotiate peacefully with the Muslim leaders of Malaysia to settle the controversial issue in order not to repeat the March 2013 Lahad Datu, Sabah incident, Chairman Misuari has dismissed the media reports as unfounded and without any ounce of truth involving the MNLF in any level talks. The MNLF, however, asserted that the Sabah case is a non-issue because it is the “home-base for different tribal groupings of Muslims from different regions of Southeast Asia that have enjoyed peaceful and harmonious co-existence with the Chinese and Christian populace in the area.}}</ref>
| combatant3 ={{flag|Philippines}}<ref name = "not allow">{{cite web|url= http://globalnation.inquirer.net/67373/aquino-i-wont-allow-sulu-sultan-to-drag-ph-into-war-with-malaysia |title=Aquino: I won’t allow Sulu sultan to drag PH into war with Malaysia| first =Michael Lim | last = Ubac|publisher = The [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date= 7 March 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20140724170821/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/67373/aquino-i-wont-allow-sulu-sultan-to-drag-ph-into-war-with-malaysia | archivedate = 24 July 2014 | deadurl = no | quote = President Aquino said in a statement, ‘I appeal to you (Jamalul Kiram III) — we should be really clear on this — this incident is wrong. If this is wrong, why should we (the government) lend support to this? We should support what is right… which will lead us to brighter prospects; the wrong option will only bring us ruin. That's it, that's my simple message.’ He also added ‘Let's not forget: What they (the Jamalul Kiram III faction) are pushing for is their right as so-called heirs of the sultan of Sulu. It's not yet clear if their rights have been transferred to the Philippines. But we (the Philippines citizens and our nation) will all be affected by their conflict (with Malaysia).’}}</ref>
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Najib Razak]] (current)
{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|PM]] full list
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Abdul Razak Hussein]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Hussein Onn]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]]
}}
{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Musa Aman]] (current)
{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Sabah|CM]] full list
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Fuad Stephens]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Peter Lo Sui Yin]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Mustapha Harun]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Mohamed Said Keruak]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Harris Salleh]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Joseph Pairin Kitingan]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Sakaran Dandai]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Salleh Said Keruak]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Yong Teck Lee]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Bernard Giluk Dompok]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Osu Sukam]]
|{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Chong Kah Kiat]]
}}
----
'''Supported by:'''<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} [[Murad Ebrahim]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/01/21/moro-refugees-immigrants-in-sabah-should-return-develop-homeland-kurup/|title=Moro refugees, immigrants in Sabah should return, develop homeland — Kurup|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=21 January 2013|accessdate=20 September 2013}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} Mohaqber Iqbal<ref name="iqbal"/>
| commander2 =
{{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} Various pirates leader
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Various Abu Sayyaf commander
----
{{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} Phudgal Kiram<ref name="ip">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/01/27/Sulu-Phugdal-Raja-muda/|title=Self-styled Sulu Sultan names Phugdal to be Raja Muda|author=Rashvinjeet S. Bedi|publisher=The Star|date=27 January 2015|accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>
{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = Kiram families
| {{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} [[Jamalul Kiram III]] [[Deceased|{{unicode|☠}}]]
| {{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} Agbimuddin Kiram [[Deceased|{{unicode|☠}}]]
| {{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} [[Ismael Kiram II]]<ref name="ip"/> [[Deceased|{{unicode|☠}}]]
}}
----
'''Supporters from the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine Government]] (1962–1986, 1998–2010):'''<br />{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} [[Diosdado Macapagal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2518&dat=20060514&id=x0taAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ESgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1218,1754592&hl=en|title=Basis of the Sabah claim|author=Durian Amina Rasul|publisher=The Manila Times|date=14 May 2009|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} [[Ferdinand Marcos]]<ref name="destabilise">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2479&dat=20000402&id=P1M1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2032,892348&hl=en|title=Marcos order: Destabilize, take Sabah|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2 April 2000|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Philippines}} [[Joseph Estrada]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Jurgen Haacke|title=ASEAN's Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=s3WwMjq6VWsC&pg=PA187|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-136-13146-9|pages=187–}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Philippines}} [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]<ref name="ramosarroyo">{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/23567-sabah-ramos-arroyo|title=Sabah, Ramos and Arroyo|author=Marites Dañguilan Vitug|publisher=Rappler|date=11 March 2013|accessdate=27 September 2015|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150927010744/http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/23567-sabah-ramos-arroyo|archivedate=27 September 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref>
----
'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagicon image|Ph mnlf-tripoli.gif}} [[Nur Misuari]] (2001–2015)<ref name="msr"/><ref name="involved"/><ref name="misuari statement"/>
| commander3 =
{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} [[Corazon Aquino]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19890416&id=JqclAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4531,2755528&hl=en|title=Aquino to meet heirs of sultan on Sabah|publisher=Manila Standard|date=16 April 1989|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} [[Fidel V. Ramos]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/297936/news/nation/fvr-to-pnoy-meet-with-sultan-kiram-to-address-sabah-conflict|title=FVR to PNoy: Meet with Sultan Kiram to address Sabah conflict|publisher=[[GMA News]]|date=6 March 2013|accessdate=27 September 2015|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150927004041/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/297936/news/nation/fvr-to-pnoy-meet-with-sultan-kiram-to-address-sabah-conflict|archivedate=27 September 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="ramosarroyo"/><br />{{flagdeco|Philippines}} [[Benigno Aquino III]]<ref name="not allow" />
| units1 =
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg}} [[Malaysian Armed Forces]] <br> {{flagicon image|Royal Malaysian Police.svg}} [[Royal Malaysia Police]]
----
'''[[British Empire|British coalition]] (until 1966):'''
{{navy|Australia}}<ref name="Pfennigwerth2008">{{cite book|author=Ian Pfennigwerth|title=Tiger Territory: The Untold Story of the Royal Australian Navy in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1971|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X2oU07qFWx4C&pg=PA69|year=2008|publisher=Rosenberg|isbn=978-1-877058-65-3|pages=69–}}</ref><br />{{navy|New Zealand}}<ref name="OfficeDept1957">{{cite book|author1=New Zealand. Registrar-General's Office|author2=New Zealand. Census and Statistics Dept|author3=New Zealand. Dept. of Statistics|coauthors=New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand|title=New Zealand official yearbook|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=c-8YAQAAIAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Dept. of Statistics.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=New Zealand. Dept. of External Affairs|title=External Affairs Review|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iEQgAAAAMAAJ|year=1963}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} British troops
| units2 =
{{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} Moro Pirates
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Abu Sayyaf
----
{{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo
| units3 = {{flagicon image|AFP philippines seal.png}} [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]]<br />
{{*}}{{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Philippines.svg}} [[Philippine Navy]] (monitoring)<ref name="ph naval">{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/22/nation/20130222100058|title=Lahad Datu Standoff: Philippines naval ships in Tawi-Tawi waters to help stabilise situation|first=Muguntan|last=Vanar|work=The Star|date=22 February 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon image|Philippine National Police seal.svg}} [[Philippine National Police]]
| strength1 = {{plainlist |
'''Malaysian forces:'''
* 3,000+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=103043|title=Army strength in Sabah at the optimum level|publisher=[[Daily Express (Malaysia)|Daily Express]]|date=9 September 2015|accessdate=9 September 2015}}</ref>
----
'''British coalition (until 1966):'''
* Australian forces
{{*}}{{HMAS|Tobruk|D37|6}}<ref name="Pfennigwerth2008"/><br />
{{*}}{{HMAS|Sydney|R17}}
* New Zealander forces
{{*}}Patrol ships<ref name="OfficeDept1957"/>
* British forces
{{*}}Thousands British troops
}}
| strength2 =
{{plainlist |
*'''Moro Pirates:''' ''unknown''
*'''Abu Sayyaf:''' 200
'''Kiram followers:'''
* 235<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/59091/sulu-governor-no-mnlf-rescue-mission-for-filipinos-in-sabah|title=Sulu Governor: No MNLF rescue mission for Filipinos in Sabah|author=Abigail C. Kwok|publisher=Inter Aksyon|date=10 April 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
}}
| strength3 = 200<ref name="ph naval" />{{not in citation given|date=August 2015}}
| casualties1 =
{{plainlist |
'''Malaysian forces:'''
* ~estimated 12+ killed<ref name="nst">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1295&dat=19850924&id=d-FHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zo0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6728,6099081&hl=en|title=Policeman dies in shootout with pirates|publisher=[[New Sunday Times]]|date=24 September 1985|accessdate=9 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="stats">{{cite AV media|url=http://www.astroawani.com/videos/show/buletin-awani/kronologi-pencerobohon-lahad-datu-25523|title=Kronologi pencerobohon Lahad Datu|language=Malay|medium = video|time = 1:20|publisher =[[Astro Awani]]|date=15 February 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="nz">{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/malaysian-cop-killed-another-kidnapped-in-sabah-6026311|title=Malaysian cop killed, another kidnapped in Sabah|work=[[One News (New Zealand)|One News]]|publisher=[[Television New Zealand]]|date=13 July 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* ~estimated 12 wounded<ref name="stats"/>
----
'''British coalition (until 1966):'''
* Hundreds either killed or wounded
}}
| casualties2 =
{{plainlist |
*'''Moro Pirates:''' Hundreds killed<ref name="pirates">{{cite web|url=http://jati-dseas.um.edu.my/filebank/published_article/4259/12.%20171-188%20Ramli..%20Lanun%20Atau%20Mundu%20Di%20Sabah..%20Jati%209.pdf|title=Lanun atau Mundu di Sabah|publisher=[[University of Malaya]]|date=9 December 2004|accessdate=5 November 2014|author=Ramli Dollah|language=Malay|pages=176, 178 and 180 (6, 8 and 10)|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref>
'''Abu Sayyaf:'''
* ~estimated 11 killed<ref name="pirates"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1208342|title=Intruder shot dead in boat off Semporna|author=Charles Ramendran|publisher=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]]|date=26 October 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/488830/pinoyabroad/news/1-killed-11-from-southern-phl-arrested-off-sabah-after-boat-chase-report|title=1 killed, 11 from southern PHL arrested off Sabah after boat chase – report|publisher=GMA News|date=17 May 2015|accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref>
* 1 wounded<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/377863/news/nation/alleged-pinoy-intruder-shot-at-phl-malaysian-border-report|title=Alleged Pinoy intruder shot at PHL-Malaysian border —report|publisher=GMA News|date=5 September 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
'''Kiram followers:'''
* 70 killed<ref name="stats"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/11/05/Sabah-cops-Penampang-RSF/|title=Sabah police chief: Penampang robbers were Sulu militants|author=Muguntan Vanar|publisher=The Star|date=5 November 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* 3 wounded<ref name="stats"/>
}}
| casualties3 = Hundreds either killed or wounded<ref group="note">A numbers of Philippine police and soldiers were also killed in their mission to suppress the piracy and criminal activities in the [[Sulu Archipelago]].</ref>
| casualties4 =
{{plainlist |
* '''Civilian casualties'''
* ~estimated 50+ killed<ref name="nst"/><ref name="stats"/><ref name="major">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/~/media/Images/TSOL/Photos-Gallery/Nation/2014/06/22/cross%20border%20crimes%20new%20new.ashx/|title=Major incidences of Sabah cross-border crimes|publisher=The Star|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Eklöf2006">{{cite book|author=Stefan Eklöf|title=Pirates in Paradise: A Modern History of Southeast Asia's Maritime Marauders|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SlDe_cmh3mgC&pg=PA38|date=1 January 2006|publisher=NIAS Press|isbn=978-87-91114-37-3|pages=38–}}</ref><ref name="attacks">{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19851030&id=fjZWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2040,10656153|title=Filipino pirates wreak havoc in a Malaysian island paradise|author=Masayuki Doi|publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=30 October 1985|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/11/17/2003577064|title=Abu Sayyaf behind Taiwanese man’s murder, wife’s kidnapping, police say|publisher=[[Taipei Times]]|date=17 November 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* ~estimated 23 wounded<ref name="stats"/><ref name="attacks"/>
}}
| notes = ~ ''The total thought to be higher than what has been shown.''
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Moro conflict}}
}}

The '''Moro battles in Sabah''' are a [[terrorism|series of attacks]] by the [[Moro people]] from [[Mindanao]] on [[Sabah]] that have began even before the [[British Borneo|British colonial period]].<ref name="Eklöf2006"/><ref name="Tagliacozzo2007">{{cite book|author=Eric Tagliacozzo|title=Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States Along a Southeast Asian Frontier, 1865–1915|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RqifJYxKCKoC&pg=PA115|year=2007|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-385-5|pages=115–}}</ref> Many civilians have died or suffered during these incidents, causing an increase in [[Anti-Filipino sentiment]] among the native peoples of Sabah, especially after major attacks in [[1985 Lahad Datu ambush|1985]], [[2000 Sipadan kidnappings|2000]] and [[2013 Lahad Datu standoff|2013]]. The attacks was more intensive with the back-up of the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine government]] during the term of [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Diosdado Macapagal]] and [[Ferdinand Marcos]] for their [[Greater Philippines|irredentism idea]] to include eastern Sabah as part of the Philippines territory.<ref name="destabilise"/><ref name="attacks"/>

== Background ==
{{main|Sultanate of Sulu|Piracy in the Sulu Sea}}
Piracy has been a part of the [[Sultanate of Sulu]]'s culture.<ref name="Eklöf2006"/><ref>{{cite book|author=David Joel Steinberg|title=The Philippines: A Singular and a Plural Place|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8mf8YUky_mMC&pg=PA91|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=0-8133-3755-0|pages=91–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James Francis Warren|title=The Sulu Zone, 1768–1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VUZq93ydrrwC&pg=PA147|year=2007|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-386-2|pages=147–}}</ref> During the expedition by the British ship [[HMS Dido]] in 1846, Captain [[Henry Keppel]] mentioned:
{{quote|The most desperate and active pirates of the whole [[Indian Archipelago]] are the [[Moro people|tribes]] of the [[Sulu Archipelago|Sooloo group of islands]] lying close to the north shore of [[Borneo]].<ref name="R.N.1846"/>|Captain [[Henry Keppel]].}}
The Sulu islands were known for their "great [[slavery|slave]] market" with their islanders frequently attacking [[Borneo]] Island in search of slaves.<ref>{{cite book|author=George MacDonald Fraser|title=Flashman's Lady|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D-05bjaC4cEC&pg=PT254|date=7 May 2013|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-63386-1|pages=254–}}</ref> In 1910, the neighbouring [[Celebes Islands]] was attacked by seven Moro pirates whom had crossed from Mindanao, and two [[Dutch people|Dutch]] traders was killed in the incident.<ref name="Tagliacozzo2007"/> Subsequent reports from the British government in North Borneo reported that ''[[Jolo]]ano Moros'' terrorised the inhabitants of North Borneo, looting small towns and killing many people.<ref name="Hurley2010">{{cite book|author=Vic Hurley|title=Swish of the Kris, the Story of the Moros, Authorized and Enhanced Edition|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qUkH7NgWlKUC&pg=PA203|date=1 October 2010|publisher=Cerberus Books|isbn=978-0-615-38242-5|pages=203–}}</ref> Although the British did a lot to combat piracy,<ref name="Tagliacozzo2007"/> an office of a British company was later raided by twelve Moro pirates in [[Kalabakan]] in July 1958. Another raid was done on the nearby township of [[Semporna]] in 29 March 1954.<ref name="Poulgrain1998">{{cite book|author=Greg Poulgrain|title=The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, 1945–1965|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=S3eCr4q02RcC&pg=PA177|year=1998|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-513-8|pages=177–}}</ref> During the last year of British rule in North Borneo, both seafarers and coastal settlements suffered a high numbers of attacks from pirates who were believed to be mainly based on Tawi-Tawi.<ref name="Eklöf2006"/> Between 1959 and 1962, 232 pirates attack were recorded by the British authorities in North Borneo, but these were thought to be underestimated as many attacks went unreported.<ref name="Eklöf2006"/> The British North Borneo governor at the time, [[Roland Evelyn Turnbull|Roland Turnbull]] had requested the British to provide him with security forces from the [[Royal Navy]] and [[Royal Air Force]] but no aid was sent until a British newspaper, the ''[[The Daily Telegraph|Daily Telegraph]]'' embellished the report with an anti-Indonesian bias because of the [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]].

=== Moro migration to Sabah ===
{{see also|Jabidah massacre|Illegal immigrants in Malaysia}}
Regional migration flows within [[Southeast Asia]] are not a phenomenon restricted to current times. Social and cultural connections between Sabah, Mindanao and the Indonesian province of [[North Kalimantan]] have existed for centuries. The tradition of border crossing from the Philippine [[Sulu Archipelago]] to Sabah originates in the late 16th century.<ref name="illegals1">{{cite web|url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/sites/default/files/openaccess/suedostasienaktuell/2006_5/giga_soa_2006_5_frank.pdf|title=Project Mahathir: ‘Extraordinary’ Population Growth in Sabah (The History of Illegal Immigration to Sabah)|author=Sina Frank|publisher=[[German Institute of Global and Area Studies]]|work=Im Fokus|date=May 2006|accessdate=6 November 2014|pages=72 and 73 / 2 and 3|format=PDF}}</ref> The first wave of this migration was linked to the [[Spanish East Indies|Spanish colonialists]] who began pushing southwards toward the island provinces of Sulu and [[Tawi-Tawi]] from Manila, which was the administration centre of the Spanish during that time. The [[Ethnic issues in the Philippines|struggle for dominance between different ethnic groups]] and the Spanish in Mindanao led to increased immigration of Philippine Moro ethnic groups, mostly the [[Tausūg people|Suluks]] and [[Bajau people|Bajaus]] to Sabah.<ref name="illegals1"/>

[[File:Pulau Gaya immigrant dwellings.jpg|thumb|right|A huge [[Moro (ethnic group)|Moro]] settlements in the coast of [[Pulau Gaya|Gaya Island]] near [[Kota Kinabalu]].]]
The first arrival of the illegal immigrants in Sabah in the 1960s was said to be associated with the then Philippine president [[Ferdinand Marcos]] and his country's claim to the northern Borneo region.<ref name="illegals1"/> At the first stage of his plan, Marcos sent around 17 men which mostly recruited from Sulu and Tawi-Tawi had entered Sabah as forest rangers, postmen and police. These agents have blended into the Sabah local communities with a plan to possessing the minds of the larger Filipino communities in eastern Sabah to secede from Malaysia and become part of the Philippines as well to destabilising Sabah.<ref name="destabilise"/> At the same time, a Suluk native, [[Mustapha Harun]] became the third [[Chief Minister of Sabah]], he then made a contact with one of the Filipino agent who became his driver.<ref name="destabilise"/> During his term from 1967 to 1975, he was believed to have encouraged many Suluks to move to northern Borneo to established a strong Muslim community which was represented by the [[United Sabah National Organisation]] (USNO).<ref name="illegals1"/> He was also believed supplying the Moro rebels in the Southern Philippines with financial and weapon supports due to his ethnic relations with them.<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrew Tian Huat Tan|title=Security Perspectives of the Malay Archipelago: Security Linkages in the Second Front in the War on Terrorism|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kJK4AAAAIAAJ|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Edward Elgar|isbn=978-1-84376-997-2}}</ref>

Another factor that led to the high migration, which caused major economic problems for Sabah, was the instability of the Philippines in 1977. Philippine military raids against anti-[[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]] factions in the [[Sulu Archipelago|Sulu]] and [[Mindanao]] island left a lot of the infrastructure there destroyed, forcing an estimated 100,000 Moros in Mindanao to flee to Sabah.<ref name="attacks"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19860211&id=HgROAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cpoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5902,2430732&hl=en|title=Sabah fears new influx of Filipinos|publisher=New Straits Times|date=11 February 1986|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref> Most of those who left the Philippines were already involved in criminal activities, mainly [[smuggling]] and armed robbery.<ref name="attacks"/> Today, a huge numbers of Moros still live in many places in Sabah such as [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Kinarut]], [[Lahad Datu]], [[Sandakan]], Semporna, [[Tawau]], [[Telipok]] as well on [[Labuan]].<ref name="not victimised">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19861028&id=YdRHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vY4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4943,2893169&hl=en|title=Refugees not being victimised, says UNHCR|author=Eddy Hiew|publisher=New Straits Times|date=28 October 1986|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="solving">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19860913&id=9oxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-Y8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5024,2746422&hl=en|title=Solving the Filipino refugee problem|publisher=New Straits Times|date=13 September 1986|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kamal Sadiq|title=Paper Citizens: How Illegal Immigrants Acquire Citizenship in Developing Countries|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xDa6LrF1yCIC&pg=PA47|date=2 December 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970780-5|pages=47–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Examiner|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UEU_AAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=L.O. Ty.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/10/09/Deal-sealed-but-to-most-Filipinos-Malaysia-is-home/|title=Deal sealed but to most Filipinos, Malaysia is home|publisher=The Star|date=9 October 2012|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2014/12/07/uncertainty-sabah%E2%80%99s-kinarut-settlement|title=Uncertainty at Sabah’s Kinarut settlement|work=The Star/Asia News Network|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=7 December 2014|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/print/65247|title=Berjaya govt let 73,000 refugees into Sabah|author=Paul Mu|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=7 December 2014|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref>

Besides that, the economic disparity between Mindanao and Sabah became the main reason many of these illegal Moros snuck into the state. Some of these Moros still perceive the eastern part of Sabah as part of the Philippines, and these groups feel entitled to enter Sabah as it is their historical right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/58848|title=RCI: Job opportunities attract illegal immigrants to Sabah|publisher=New Straits Times|date=3 December 2014|accessdate=3 December 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, the [[Eastern Sabah Security Command]] (Esscom) Security Coordinating Intelligence Officer [[Hassim Justin]] blamed [[corruption]], [[Project IC|illegal issuance of identity cards]] and local authorities who did not taking any action to combat the squatter colonies for contributing to the significant increase of illegal immigrants in Sabah.

== Conflict ==
{{see also|1985 Lahad Datu ambush|2000 Sipadan kidnappings|2013 Lahad Datu standoff}}
{{History of Malaysia}}

=== 20th century ===
[[File:Australian soldiers ferried in small craft to guard Sabah (AWM NAVY05185).JPG|thumb|left|Australian soldiers being ferried in a small craft, from troop transport [[HMAS Sydney (R17)|HMAS ''Sydney'']] on its arrival in North Borneo (Sabah) to counter [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation|Indonesian confrontation]] and possible attacks by [[Moro Pirates|Filipino pirates]] as part of their defence aid program to Malaysia in 1964.]]
In 1962, seven Filipino Moros armed with [[machete]]s attacked the town of [[Kunak]] and robbed the businessmen there. The seven Filipino Moros attacked again in 1963, this time attacking the town of Semporna and killing a number of residents.<ref name="major"/> In October 1979, a passenger boat on the way to Semporna from Lahad Datu with 48 passengers was attacked and forced to dock at [[Adal Island]]. Three passengers were shot dead, one woman was [[rape]]d and the others was taken to the Philippines but were quickly rescued by the Philippine security forces. In 1980, a group of 6–8 Moros attacked an island near Semporna with [[M-16 rifle]]s, killing villagers while they were asleep. At the end, seven villagers were killed while 11 others were injured. In 1982, a groups of Moros ambushed a village in [[Timba-Timba Island]], and started to shoot, rob and kill villagers. The incident in 1985, which is considered to be the most terrifying attack out of all of them, was where 21 people were killed and another 11 wounded. Five of the intruders were killed by the Malaysian maritime police while the others managed to escaped. At the end of the tragedy, one of the victim said;

<blockquote>I cannot help wondering about [[Government of Malaysia|our government]], which can’t seem to defend us against these marauders.<ref name="attacks"/></blockquote>

In 1987, two Japanese managers was killed while others were wounded after twelve gunmen attack a factory in the [[Boheydulang Island]], forcing the company to close and move their factory to Indonesia.<ref name="pirates"/> In 1996, two separate armed groups from Mindanao attack the town of Semporna, the first group attack a police station by throwing a [[fish bomb]] while the second group managed to steal jewellery worth around [[Malaysian ringgit|MYR]]100,000 at a gold shop. During the shoot-out, two of the group members were captured by the police with 200 bullets recovered from them. However, the rest managed to escape. In March 1996, another attacks by 10–20 Moros happens in the town of Semporna when three separate armed groups attacked different places at the same time. The first group attacked a police headquarters while the second group attacked a police station. It is acknowledged the motive of the first and second group was to delay time and let the third group succeed in robbing a gold shop. No arrest was made and all the intruders managed to escaped with MYR 200,000. Again in July 1996, four armed men attack a gold shop in [[Tawau]] and managed to steal jewellery worth around MYR 150,000. However, one of the gunmen later made a mistake when he retreated to a refugee village in Tawau where he was shot dead by the police. After an hour of investigation, another 5 gunmen from other groups were killed by the police.<ref name="pirates"/>

=== 21st century ===
In 2000, the [[Abu Sayyaf]] group kidnapped a large number of hostages. 10 of the hostages were from Europe and the Middle East while 11 were Malaysian resort workers. All hostages were later rescued by the Philippine security forces in [[Jolo]], Sulu. In 2003, six foreigners were kidnapped by 10 Moro pirates. In 2004, two Sarawakians and an Indonesian were kidnapped by the Abu Sayyaf group. In 2005, five Filipinos abducted three Indonesian crew from a Sandakan-based trading company near [[Mataking Island]] off Semporna. In 2010, a crew of fishermen were captured by Filipino gunmen when their boat strayed into Philippine waters near [[Boan Island]]. All crews was later released without any ransom being paid. Also in the same year, a seaweed manager and supervisor were kidnapped by four armed Filipinos on [[Sebangkat Island]]. Both victims was freed 11 months later. In 2011, ten armed Filipinos kidnapped a Malaysian businessmen.<ref name="major"/> On 11 February 2013, a group of approximately 100–200 individuals, some of them armed, arrived by boat in [[Lahad Datu]], Sabah from [[Simunul, Tawi-Tawi]], in Mindanao.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/64577/heirs-of-sultan-of-sulu-pursue-sabah-claim-on-their-own|title=Heirs of Sultan of Sulu pursue Sabah claim on their own|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=16 February 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref> They were sent by [[Jamalul Kiram III]], one of the claimants to the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu. Their objective was to assert their unresolved territorial claim to North Borneo. During the standoff, 68 people were killed including 2 civilians and 10 Malaysian forces.<ref name="SultanObjective">{{cite web|author=Mike Frialde|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/02/23/912045/sultanate-sulu-wants-sabah-returned-phl|title=Sultanate of Sulu wants Sabah returned to Phl|date=23 February 2013|publisher=The Philippine Star|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astroawani.com/videos/show/buletin-awani/kronologi-pencerobohon-lahad-datu-25523|title=Kronologi pencerobohon Lahad Datu|language=Malay|publisher=[[Astro Awani]]|date=15 February 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astroawani.com/news/show/dakwaan-anggota-tentera-terbunuh-hanya-taktik-musuh-panglima-tentera-darat-20183|title=Dakwaan anggota tentera terbunuh hanya taktik musuh – Panglima Tentera Darat|language=Malay|publisher=Astro Awani|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref> In November 2013, suspected [[Abu Sayyaf]] militants killed a Taiwanese national at [[Pom Pom Island]] and released his wife a month later in southern Philippines.<ref name=southchina>{{cite news |title= Chinese tourist kidnapped in Malaysia is rescued by security forces|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1522303/rescue-chinese-tourist-and-filipino-worker-held-hostage-2-months-after|date= 31 May 2014 |last= Pinghui |first= Zhuang |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |accessdate=24 June 2014}}</ref>

In January 2014, an attempted intrusion by foreign elements on Sabah was blocked by the Malaysian security forces.<ref>{{cite news |title= Another Sabah intrusion warded off |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/01/11/Another-Sabah-intrusion-warded-off-Security-on-east-coast-of-state-to-be-increased-to-prevent-furthe/|date= 11 January 2014 |last= Zolkepli |first= Farik |publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=24 June 2014}}</ref> On 2 April 2014, a Chinese tourist and a Filipino national were abducted off Singamata Adventures Reef and Resort, [[Semporna]]. Two months later, they were rescued by Malaysian and Philippine security forces. On 6 May 2014, another abduction involving a Chinese national occurred in Silam, near the [[Lahad Datu]] area in Sabah.<ref name=southchina/> He was later freed on 10 July.<ref>{{cite news |title= Filipino gunmen free kidnapped Chinese fish farm manager|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/07/10/Chinese-fish-farm-manager-released-by-gunmen/|date= 10 July 2014 |last= Lee |first= Stephanie |publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=29 July 2014}}</ref> On 16 June, a fish breeder and a Filipino worker were kidnapped off [[Kunak]].<ref name="released">{{cite web|url=http://www.mindanaoexaminer.com/news.php?news_id=20141210092845|title=Abu Sayyaf frees Malaysian hostage in Philippines despite massive military campaign|publisher=Mindanao Examiner|date=10 December 2014|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Kunak kidnap: Filipino gunmen kidnap fish breeder, worker in Sabah east coast|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/06/16/Sabah-Kidnapped-Kunak/|date= 16 June 2014 |last= Vanar |first= Muguntan |publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=29 July 2014}}</ref> The fish farm manager was freed on 13 December with the help of two Filipino negotiators, one of them being the leader of the [[Moro National Liberation Front]].<ref name="released"/> On 12 July, a policeman was shot dead and another marine policeman was abducted at Mabul Water Bungalows Resort, Mabul island.<ref name="nz"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/asean-philippines/188/details/410437/extremists-threaten-to-kill-malaysian-hostage|title=Extremists threaten to kill Malaysian hostage|publisher=[[Gulf Times]]|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Mabul attack: Massive hunt for gunmen after cop killed, another feared kidnapped during shootout|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/07/13/Mabul-island-massive-hunt-for-cop-killer/|date= 13 July 2014 |last= Vanar |first= Muguntan |publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=29 July 2014}}</ref> The policeman was later freed on 7 March 2015, after 9 months in captivity.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abu Sayyaf frees kidnapped policeman|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/03/07/abu-sayyaf-frees-kidnapped-policeman/|accessdate=7 March 2015|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=7 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307123814/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/03/07/abu-sayyaf-frees-kidnapped-policeman/|archivedate=7 March 2015}}</ref> In October 2014, two Vietnamese fishermen who were working for a Malaysian employer, were shot by Filipino pirates. All of them were later rescued by the Malaysian security forces and sent to the [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/filipino-pirates-shoot-vietnamese-fishermen-off-malay-coast-32694.html|title=Filipino pirates shoot Vietnamese fishermen off Malay coast|publisher=[[Thanh Nien News]]|date=17 October 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hanoitimes.com.vn/social-affair/2014/10/81E088A4/vietnamese-vessel-attacked-in-malaysia/|title=Vietnamese vessel attacked in Malaysia|publisher=[[Hanoi Times]]|date=17 October 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref> On 15 May 2015, four armed men from the Abu Sayyaf-based group in Mindanao abducted two people in a resort in [[Sandakan]] and brought them to [[Parang, Sulu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/05/16/kidnapping-incident-in-sabah-recurs/|title=Kidnapping incident in Sabah recurs|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/487930/news/regions/police-abu-sayyaf-linked-to-sabah-kidnap|title=Police: Abu Sayyaf linked to Sabah kidnap|publisher=GMA News|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref>

== Strategy ==
{{POV section|date=August 2015}}
The tactics are different, and are based on the motives of individual groups. Generally, the Moros will attack and escape to the [[Malaysia–Philippines border]] or any nearby islands when their activities are spotted by the security forces. In this modern day, they will usually steal boat engines, food and other useful things such as [[television]] sets and even [[Astro (Malaysian satellite television)|Astro]] decoders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/07/08/armed-group-fails-to-kidnap-cage-fish-farmer-in-semporna/|title=Armed group fails to kidnap cage-fish farmer in Semporna|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=8 July 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref> In some cases, the Moros also attack towns, killing innocent civilians and kidnapping them as shown in the Lahad Datu and Semporna attacks.<ref name="pirates"/> The Filipino illegal immigrants play an important role in helping them by providing information on their next target.<ref name="provide"/>

== Threats ==

=== Security ===
{{main|Eastern Sabah Security Command|Eastern Sabah Security Zone}}
[[File:Semporna Sabah Ship-PA-16-01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marine Operations Force|The Malaysian Maritime Police]] on duty patrolling the waters around [[Semporna]] especially on the [[Bajau people|Bajau Laut]] villages to prevent any further intrusion.]]
During the British colonial era, the British suffered a high number of attacks, leading to the deployment of [[Henry Keppel]] and [[James Brooke]] in 1846 to search for pirate nests in North Borneo.<ref name="R.N.1846"/> After a long journey of battling with the pirates, the last pirate's nest in Tunku, Lahad Datu was destroyed by the British.<ref>{{cite book|title=Borneo. Ediz. Inglese|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vvXoC8F5Oq0C&pg=PA26|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-105-8|pages=26–}}</ref>

The latest intrusion in 2013 caused the Malaysian government to establish the [[Eastern Sabah Security Command]] (ESSCOM), [[Eastern Sabah Security Zone]] (ESSZONE) and deploy more assets to Sabah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/42472|title=More assets to enhance security in Sabah|author=Roy Goh|publisher=New Straits Times|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> To combat Moro pirates and Abu Sayyaf attacks, the Malaysian government has also decided to impose a [[curfew]] on eastern Sabah waters and has started to use [[radar]] to detect any suspicious activities on every tiny settlement along the east coast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/south-east-asia/story/curfew-sabahs-east-coast-after-spate-kidnappings-20140717|title=Curfew for Sabah's east coast after spate of kidnappings|publisher=The Straits Times|date=17 July 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/sabah-security-officials-assess-threat-tiny-settlements|title=Sabah security officials to assess threat on tiny settlements|work=The Star/Asia News Network|publisher=asiaone|date=19 August 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140822054752/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/sabah-security-officials-assess-threat-tiny-settlements|archivedate=22 August 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>

There is a call from a former [[Chief Minister of Sabah]], [[Harris Salleh]] to the federal government to reconsider the proposal to move the [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] (RMAF) base from [[Butterworth, Penang]] to Labuan. He suggested that the air force base should be relocated to [[Tawau]] in the interest of security in the eastern Sabah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=92896|title=Harris: Shift RMAF base to Tawau, not Labuan|publisher=Daily Express|date=3 November 2014|accessdate=7 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20141107122415/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=92896|archivedate=7 November 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)|Minister of Transport]], [[Liow Tiong Lai]] has also proposed to extend the area of ESSCOM and ESSZONE to cover the whole Sabah as also been proposed by Yong Teck Lee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1053765|title=Sabah's Safety Concern Should Be For Whole State – Liow|publisher=Bernama|date=15 July 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140717140200/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1053765|archivedate=17 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>

On 23 January 2015, the [[Royal Brunei Air Force]] gives neighbouring Malaysia four [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|S-70A Black Hawks]] as a gift. The Malaysian said that it will use it in addition of available assets to defend Sabah from a further possible attacks by the Moros.<ref name="present"/> On 28 February, the [[United States]] supplied the Eastern Sabah Security Command (ESSCOM) with 12 boats following a number of agreements signed between the two countries in 2014 during the [[Barack Obama]] visit.<ref name="usaid">{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/12-boats-esscom-u-s-15697|title=12 boats for ESSCom from U.S.|work=Bernama|publisher=[[Astro Awani]]|date=28 February 2015|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="usboat">{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/02/28/12-boats-from-us-for-sabah-security-command/|title=12 boats from US for Sabah security command|publisher=[[Free Malaysia Today]]|date=28 February 2015|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref>

=== Society ===
{{main|Illegal immigrants in Malaysia|Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah}}
The former [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]], [[Mahathir Mohamad]] has suggested the government of Sabah to demolished all the water villages in eastern Sabah and resettle only the local people there as the era of the water villages has passed and the lifestyle of the villagers there who live in the sea is not appropriate for the modern way of life in Malaysia as the nation aims for [[Wawasan 2020|Vision 2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=90414|title=Sabah unsafe if water villages not demolished: Dr M|publisher=Daily Express|date=17 July 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140717131652/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=90414|archivedate=17 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> A Sabah MP, [[Rosnah Shirlin]] has called for the closure of the Filipino refugee camp in Kinarut, saying it is a threat to security in [[Papar, Malaysia|Papar]]. She says:
{{quote|The refugee camp has creating a lot of problems for the residents of the district. The camp has become a drugs den and the source of many other criminal activities. Over the years, many robberies had taken place in nearby villages and the culprits are mostly from the camp. Supposedly, the improved situation in the Philippines today has brought into question whether these Filipinos could still be regarded as refugees. The camp was set up on a 40-acre plot of land near Kampung Laut in the early 1980s by the [[United Nations High Commission for Refugees]] (UNHCR). But the UNHCR had long ago stopped providing funds to the camp and as a result, many of these foreigners had been working outside the camp.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19870417&id=zG9PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XpADAAAAIBAJ&pg=1168,3658205&hl=en|title=UNHCR Sabah office to close|publisher=New Straits Times|date=17 April 1987|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> The refugees had even dare to expanded the camp area, encroaching on nearby village land and today, the camp has become the biggest [[methamphetamine|syabu]] distribution den in Papar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/print/6485|title=Shut Kinarut Refugee Camp, says Rosnah|publisher=[[New Sabah Times]]|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>|[[Rosnah Shirlin]], Sabah Papar's MP.}}

[[Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah|United Sabah People's Party]] (PBRS) leader, [[Joseph Kurup]] shares a similar view on this, adding that the Moro refugees and immigrants should take the opportunity to return and develop their homeland in [[Mindanao]], Philippines as the peace had been restored there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/01/21/moro-refugees-immigrants-in-sabah-should-return-develop-homeland-kurup/|title=Moro refugees, immigrants in Sabah should return, develop homeland — Kurup|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=21 January 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> Another Sabah former Chief Minister, [[Yong Teck Lee]] has suggested to suspend the ferry service in Sandakan to counter the high level of Moro people migration from the Mindanao which now has become a major issue for Sabah when they overstay in the state and becoming an illegal immigrant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/39013/ulatfilipino/balitangpinoy/closure-of-filipino-refugee-camps-in-malaysia-sought|title=Closure of Filipino refugee camps in Malaysia sought|publisher=[[GMA Network]]|date=19 April 2007|accessdate=6 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329110524/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/39013/ulatfilipino/balitangpinoy/closure-of-filipino-refugee-camps-in-malaysia-sought|archivedate=29 March 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sabah.org.my/mpgaya/press/2002/scrapferry.htm|title=SCRAP FERRY SERVICES: YONG|publisher=Sabah.org.my|date=2 February 2002|accessdate=6 November 2014|author=[[Yong Teck Lee]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329110927/http://www.sabah.org.my/mpgaya/press/2002/scrapferry.htm|archivedate=29 March 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref> In October 2014, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Malaysia)|Minister of Home Affairs]], [[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]] announced that all [[Statelessness|stateless]] children in Sabah will be given a [[birth certificates]] for schooling purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/zahid-looks-to-tribunal-for-answer-to-sabahs-stateless-children|title=Zahid looks to tribunal for answer to Sabah’s stateless children|author=Jennifer Gomez|publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]]|date=29 October 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> The proposal was soon opposed by a numbers of Sabahan politicians both from the opposition and government allied parties such as [[Joseph Pairin Kitingan]], [[Ignatius Dorrel Leiking|Darell Leiking]] and Yong Teck Lee, citing the act would brought a big problem to Sabah in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/10/31/sabah-leaders-seeing-red-issuance-birth-certs-stateless-children/|title=Sabah leaders seeing red over issuance of birth certs to stateless children|publisher=[[The Rakyat Post]]|date=31 October 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/10/31/future-generations-bear-consequences-foolish-humane-decision-says-pkr-lawmaker/|title=Future generations to bear consequences of foolish ‘humane’ decision, says PKR lawmaker|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=31 October 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/11/03/issuing-bcs-stateless-kids-worsens-illegals-problem-sabah/|title=‘Issuing BCs to stateless kids only worsens illegals problem in Sabah’|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=3 November 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> While another Sabah based opposition party leader, [[Jeffrey Kitingan]] has called for a different birth certificate to be issued to the foreigners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/print/81871|title=Jeffrey calls for different birth cert for foreign children|author=Michael Teh|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=2 November 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> [[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]] member for Kamunting in Sandakan [[Charles O Pang]], believes the education system will be burdened if the possibility of stateless children are given birth certificates. He quote;
{{quote|According to Sabah survey of statelessness, it is estimated that around 36,000 stateless children of Indonesian origin lived in the state and most employees understand they are working on palm oil plantations. While stateless children from the Philippines are estimated much higher. He did not deny that most people who come to Sabah to seek a better life but the problems posed by the illegal human wave will only lead to trouble. Obviously, this scenario creates an unfair situation for Malaysians in the sense that we are [[taxpayers]], and who should pay the high costs of the non-citizen children not only in their schools, but also in the terms of maintenance of their lives?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/82021|title=Charles: Sistem pendidikan terbeban jika anak tanpa kerakyatan diberi sijil lahir|language=Malay|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref>|[[Charles O Pang]], Sabah State Legislative Assembly Members for Kamunting in Sandakan.}}

Also it was known the UNHCHR has ever trying before to integrate the Filipino refugees with local communities in 1986 if they can't repatriate them back to the Philippines but this was opposed heavily by the locals and Sabah State Government as it could brought a big social problem to the state.<ref name="not victimised"/><ref name="solving"/> Large amounts of money have been spent to maintain the lives of the Filipino illegal immigrants and the amount remains unpaid until today despite attempts to recover the monies. Sabah Health Department said infectious diseases among the illegal immigrants was on the rise resulting in more expenditures, as well as provisions for more funds to accommodate the logistics such as medical officers and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/58884|title=RCI: Large amount spent on food, education, healthcare of illegal immigrants.|publisher=New Straits Times|date=3 December 2014|accessdate=3 December 2014}}</ref> Sabah Kiulu Assemblyman, [[Joniston Bangkuai]] point out a similar view on the stateless issue. He said:
{{quote|It used to be that they (the illegal Filipinos) came here to look for livelihood. They came to look for work, but now they are multiplying, with some of their women giving birth to as many as 10 children, but they are not taken care of.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-crime-shattering-peace-in-sabahs-villages-state-reps-say|title=Illegal immigrants, crime shattering peace in Sabah’s villages, state reps say|author=Julia Chan|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=10 November 2014|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref>|[[Joniston Bangkuai]], Sabah Kiulu's Assemblyman.}}

The Sabah National Registration Department (NRD) director, [[Ismail Ahmad]] has clarified that the issuing of the birth certificates does not make the stateless children Malaysians or Sabahan citizens as the certificates will be only used for record and monitoring purpose to show that the children are born in Sabah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/49464|title=Birth certificates issued to Sabah born foreign children do not make them Malaysians|author=Avila Geraldine|publisher=New Straits Times|date=4 November 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> Beside that, a [[DNA]] test is now among the methods being used to ensure only genuine citizens are issued the Malaysian birth certificate when they apply for late birth registrations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/11/06/DNA-tests-to-verify-citizenship-Dept-Method-will-help-certify-genuine-Malaysians-in-late-birth-regis/|title=DNA tests to help certify genuine Malaysians in late birth registrations|author=Ruben Sario|publisher=The Star|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> After several discussions, the [[Cabinet of Malaysia]] later decided to give only special birth documents instead of birth certificates as been announced by the Malaysian Prime Minister, [[Najib Razak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/11/16/Najib-Birth-Document-Sabah/|title=Najib: Children of stateless individuals born in Sabah to get special birth document|author1=Ruben Sario|author2=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=16 November 2014|accessdate=17 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/11/17/No-auto-citizenshipwith-birth-document/|title=Najib: Form is visually different from certificate|author=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=17 November 2014|accessdate=17 November 2014}}</ref>

The [[United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation]] (UPKO) will present their proposed solutions on the problems after they have obtained the full Royal Commission Inquiry report, one of them being the re-calling and re-issuing of all the identification cards of the people of Sabah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/58878|title=RCI: UPKO to propose solutions on influx of illegal immigrants|publisher=New Straits Times|date=3 December 2014|accessdate=3 December 2014}}</ref> Other former politicians have asked the federal government to investigate the action of some individuals who claim to be of royal blood of the Sulu Sultanate and have been conferring many ''[[Malay styles and titles|Datukship]]'' title to local Sabahans and to those from [[Peninsular Malaysia]] until today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=93088|title='Stop people receiving Sulu Sultan awards'|publisher=Daily Express|date=7 November 2014|accessdate=7 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20141107125656/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=93088|archivedate=7 November 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Most Sabah [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) leaders have lauded the drastic measures announced by the Sabah current Chief Minister [[Musa Aman]] to address the problem posed by illegal immigrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=95061|title=Leaders laud new measures on illegals|publisher=Daily Express|date=14 December 2014|accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref> However, the former UPKO federal parliamentarian, [[Wilfred Bumburing]] reminded that the members of [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) should not take credit for the setting up of the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) as it was only established after a much pressure from the Sabahan peoples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=95049|title=RCI only after much pressure from the people: Bumburing|publisher=Daily Express|date=14 December 2014|accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref> The [[Parti Bersatu Sabah|United Sabah Party]] (PBS) has said the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine government]] is to be blamed for the misery of its nationals in Sabah as a response to remarks made by Philippines Ambassador to Malaysia, [[J. Eduardo Malaya]] who stressed that Filipino migrants children in Malaysia deserved formal education. While he support the suggestion, the party Secretary-General [[Johnny Mositun]] reminded:<ref name="prob">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=95100|title=Manila to blame, says PBS|publisher=Daily Express|date=15 December 2014|accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref>
{{quote|The number of Filipinos in Sabah, legal or illegal, is huge but what has [[Manila]] done, or is doing, to see to their education? It was Manila's refusal to establish a Consular Office in Sabah that was making life difficult for the hundreds of thousands of Filipinos in the state and Malaysia had to bear the cost. Nearly half of the patients using Sabah hospitals are mostly Filipinos. For the better part of four decades, the Filipinos in Sabah – refugees, migrant workers and illegal immigrants – have all been denied any substantial services or assistance from the Philippine government. They survive only because the [[Government of Malaysia|Malaysian Government]] adheres strictly to international norms and standards of law and human rights. We provide them with jobs, they avail themselves of all our civic amenities, and now it is implied that we should educate their children, too. What next?<ref name="prob"/>|[[Johnny Mositun]], [[Parti Bersatu Sabah|United Sabah Party]] (PBS) Secretary General.}}

Other Sabahan leaders such as Darell Leiking agreed and reminded the Philippine government to emulate the [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesian government's]] plan by setting up a consulate in Sabah to care for their nationals and set up schools for their children. On a statement, he said:<ref name="emulate">{{cite web|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/12/16/emulate-indonesian-govt-taking-care-citizens-sabah-philippine-leaders-told/|title=Emulate Indonesian govt in taking care of citizens in Sabah, Philippine leaders told|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=16 December 2014|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref>
{{quote|The Philippine government should accept the fact that Sabah was a sovereign nation and that it needed to set up a consulate in the state for the good of its people. Filipino migrants must be registered to allow them to have better opportunities in Sabah, to have a life and proper jobs as it was unfair to impose Filipino problems unto Sabah or the Malaysian government simply because the Philippine government refused to take responsibility for its own people.<ref name="emulate"/>|[[Ignatius Dorrel Leiking|Darell Leiking]], member of the opposition ([[People's Justice Party|PKR]]).}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group="note"}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Notable attacks involving the Moros}}
{{Terrorism in Malaysia}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:on Sabah, Moro attacks}}
[[Category:Wars involving Malaysia]]
[[Category:Diplomatic incidents]]
[[Category:History of Sabah]]
[[Category:Malaysia–Philippines relations]]
[[Category:Military operations involving the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military operations involving Australia]]
[[Category:Military operations involving New Zealand]]
[[Category:Military operations involving Malaysia]]
[[Category:Operations involving Malaysian special forces]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Moro]]
[[Category:Ongoing conflicts]]

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