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His best-known work may be ''[[Exodus (Uris novel)|Exodus]]'', which was published in 1958. Most sources indicate Uris, motivated by an intense interest in Israel, financed his research for the novel by selling the film rights in advance to [[MGM]] and by writing newspaper articles about the [[Suez Crisis|Sinai campaign]].<ref>[http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/062503NYTimes_Uris.shtml ''Leon Uris, 78, Who Wrote Sweeping Novels Like ''"Exodus,"'' Dies] [[New York Times]] – June 25, 2003</ref><ref name="Fujiwara">{{cite book|title=The World and Its Double: The Life and Work of Otto Preminger|page=255|author=Chris Fujiwara|isbn=0-86547-995-X|year=2009 |publisher=Faber & Faber}} [http://books.google.com/books?id=lM-8-isjOYgC&pg=PA255&dq=Leon+Uris+-inauthor:%22Leon+Uris%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=tTs0S8HpPJOElQTRiaDMAQ&cd=34#v=onepage&q=Leon%20Uris%20-inauthor%3A%22Leon%20Uris%22&f=false]</ref><ref name="Erens">{{cite book|title=The Jew in American Cinema|page=217|author=Patricia Erens|publisher=Indiana University Press, 1988|isbn=0-86547-995-X}} [http://books.google.com/books?id=-v2Di_5ShGMC&pg=PA217&dq=Leon+Uris+-inauthor:%22Leon+Uris%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=okA0S8r7Fo3uzQSC19nKAQ&cd=55#v=onepage&q=Leon%20Uris%20-inauthor%3A%22Leon%20Uris%22&f=false]</ref> It is said that the book involved two years of research, and involved thousands of interviews.<ref name="Shatzky">{{cite book|title=Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook|page=440|author=Joel Shatzky|author2=Michael Taub |isbn=0-313-29462-3|year=1994|publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> ''Exodus'' illustrated the history of Palestine from the late 19th century through the founding of the state of [[Israel]] in 1948 from a[[zionism|zionist]] point of view.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/the-exodus-effect-the-monumentally-fictional-israel-that-remade-american-jewry-1.476411</ref><ref>http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/25/guardianobituaries.books</ref><ref>http://martinkramer.org/sandbox/2011/10/exodus-myth-and-malpractice/</ref> It was a worldwide best-seller, translated into a dozen languages, and was made into a [[Exodus (1960 film)|feature film]] in 1960, starring [[Paul Newman]], directed by [[Otto Preminger]], as well as into a short-lived Broadway musical (12 previews, 19 performances) in 1971.<ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3579 Ari]</ref> Uris' 1967 novel ''[[Topaz (novel)|Topaz]]'' was [[Topaz (1969 film)|adapted for the screen]] and directed by [[Alfred Hitchcock]] in 1969.<ref name="Ransom">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/ransomedition/2003/fall/exodus.html|title=Leon Uris's Exodus|accessdate=January 16, 2010|publisher=Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin|work=Fall 2003 Newsletter, Obituary|author=Travis Willmann}}</ref>
His best-known work may be ''[[Exodus (Uris novel)|Exodus]]'', which was published in 1958. Most sources indicate Uris, motivated by an intense interest in Israel, financed his research for the novel by selling the film rights in advance to [[MGM]] and by writing newspaper articles about the [[Suez Crisis|Sinai campaign]].<ref>[http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/062503NYTimes_Uris.shtml ''Leon Uris, 78, Who Wrote Sweeping Novels Like ''"Exodus,"'' Dies] [[New York Times]] – June 25, 2003</ref><ref name="Fujiwara">{{cite book|title=The World and Its Double: The Life and Work of Otto Preminger|page=255|author=Chris Fujiwara|isbn=0-86547-995-X|year=2009 |publisher=Faber & Faber}} [http://books.google.com/books?id=lM-8-isjOYgC&pg=PA255&dq=Leon+Uris+-inauthor:%22Leon+Uris%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=tTs0S8HpPJOElQTRiaDMAQ&cd=34#v=onepage&q=Leon%20Uris%20-inauthor%3A%22Leon%20Uris%22&f=false]</ref><ref name="Erens">{{cite book|title=The Jew in American Cinema|page=217|author=Patricia Erens|publisher=Indiana University Press, 1988|isbn=0-86547-995-X}} [http://books.google.com/books?id=-v2Di_5ShGMC&pg=PA217&dq=Leon+Uris+-inauthor:%22Leon+Uris%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=okA0S8r7Fo3uzQSC19nKAQ&cd=55#v=onepage&q=Leon%20Uris%20-inauthor%3A%22Leon%20Uris%22&f=false]</ref> It is said that the book involved two years of research, and involved thousands of interviews.<ref name="Shatzky">{{cite book|title=Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook|page=440|author=Joel Shatzky|author2=Michael Taub |isbn=0-313-29462-3|year=1994|publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> ''Exodus'' illustrated the history of Palestine from the late 19th century through the founding of the state of [[Israel]] in 1948 from a[[zionism|zionist]] point of view.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/the-exodus-effect-the-monumentally-fictional-israel-that-remade-american-jewry-1.476411</ref><ref>http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/25/guardianobituaries.books</ref><ref>http://martinkramer.org/sandbox/2011/10/exodus-myth-and-malpractice/</ref> It was a worldwide best-seller, translated into a dozen languages, and was made into a [[Exodus (1960 film)|feature film]] in 1960, starring [[Paul Newman]], directed by [[Otto Preminger]], as well as into a short-lived Broadway musical (12 previews, 19 performances) in 1971.<ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3579 Ari]</ref> Uris' 1967 novel ''[[Topaz (novel)|Topaz]]'' was [[Topaz (1969 film)|adapted for the screen]] and directed by [[Alfred Hitchcock]] in 1969.<ref name="Ransom">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/ransomedition/2003/fall/exodus.html|title=Leon Uris's Exodus|accessdate=January 16, 2010|publisher=Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin|work=Fall 2003 Newsletter, Obituary|author=Travis Willmann}}</ref>


Uris's subsequent works included: ''[[Mila 18]]'', about the [[Warsaw ghetto]] uprising; ''[[Armageddon: A Novel of Berlin]]'', a chronicle which ends with the lifting of the Berlin Blockade in 1949; ''[[Trinity (novel)|Trinity]]'', about [[History of Ireland (1801-1922)|Irish nationalism]] and the sequel, ''[[Redemption (Uris novel)|Redemption]]'', covering the early 20th century and [[World War I]]; ''[[QB VII]]'', about the role of a Polish doctor in a German [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]]; and ''[[The Haj (novel)|The Haj]]'', with insights into the history of the Middle East. He wrote the screenplays for ''[[Battle Cry (film)|Battle Cry]]'' and ''[[Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)|Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]]''.
Uris's subsequent works included: ''[[Mila 18]]'', about the [[Warsaw ghetto]] uprising; ''[[Armageddon: A Novel of Berlin]]'', a chronicle which ends with the lifting of the Berlin Blockade in 1949; ''[[Trinity (novel)|Trinity]]'', about [[History of Ireland (1801-1922)|Irish nationalism]] and the sequel, ''[[Redemption (Uris novel)|Redemption]]'', covering the early 20th century and [[World War I]]; ''[[QB VII]]'', about the role of a Polish doctor in a German [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]]; and ''[[The Haj (novel)|The Haj]]'', set in the history of the Middle East. He wrote the screenplays for ''[[Battle Cry (film)|Battle Cry]]'' and ''[[Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)|Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]]''. His work having to do with the subject of Israel has been [[Exodus_(Uris_novel)#Criticism | criticized]] for being one-sided and biased against Arabs.<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-elsner/exodus-book_b_3139291.html</ref><ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/books/books-of-the-times-151205.html</ref><ref>https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/leon-uris/the-haj/</ref> Author and editor [[Robert Fisk]] wrote in 2014 that Exodus was "a racist, fictional account of the birth of Israel in which Arabs are rarely mentioned without the adjectives “dirty” and “stinking” [and] was one of the best pieces of [[Socialist-Zionist]] propaganda that Israel could have sought".<ref>[[The Independent]], [http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/robert-fisk-if-the-nobel-peace-prize-can-be-handed-to-obama-why-not-hand-it-to-the-israeli-defence-force-9660158.html Robert Fisk: If the Nobel Peace Prize can be handed to Obama, why not hand it to the Israeli Defence Force?], 10 August 2014</ref> Jeremy Salt wrote that "''The Haj'' is a profoundly racist work not just because it reduces Arabs once again to a series of ugly stereotypes, but because it appears to be a conscious attempt to show that the culture of an entire people is rotten to the core."<ref>{{cite journal | author = Jeremy Salt | title = Fact and Fiction in the Middle Eastern Novels of Leon Uris | journal = Journal of Palestine Studies | volume = 14 | number = 3 | year = 1985 | pages = 54–63</ref>


===Personal life===
===Personal life===

Revision as of 09:38, 23 November 2015

Leon Uris
Born(1924-08-03)August 3, 1924
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
DiedJune 21, 2003(2003-06-21) (aged 78)
Shelter Island, New York, U.S.
Resting placeQuantico National Cemetery
OccupationAuthor
LanguageEnglish
NationalityAmerican
GenreHistorical fiction
Notable worksExodus (1958)
Mila 18 (1961)
QB VII (1970)
Spouse
Betty Beck
​
(m. 1945⁠–⁠1968)​
; divorced; 3 children
Marjorie Edwards
​
​
(m. 1969⁠–⁠1970)​
; her death
Jill Peabody
​
(m. 1970⁠–⁠1989)​
; divorced; 2 children
Drawing of Leon Uris by Chaim Topol

Leon Marcus Uris (August 3, 1924 – June 21, 2003) was an United States Marine and author, known for his historical fiction and the deep research that went into his novels. His two bestselling books were Exodus (published in 1958) and Trinity (published in 1976).[1]

Life and career

Uris was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Jewish American parents Wolf William and Anna (Blumberg) Uris. His father, a Polish-born immigrant, was a paperhanger, then a storekeeper. His mother was first-generation Russian American.[2] William spent a year in Palestine after World War I before entering the United States. He derived his surname from Yerushalmi, meaning "man of Jerusalem". (His brother Aron, Leon's uncle, took the name Yerushalmi.) "He was basically a failure", Uris later said of his father. "I think his personality was formed by the harsh realities of being a Jew in Czarist Russia. I think failure formed his character, made him bitter."[3]

At age six, Uris reportedly wrote an operetta inspired by the death of his dog. He attended schools in Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, but never graduated from high school, and failed English three times. When he was 17 and in his senior year of high school, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He served in the South Pacific, where he was stationed in New Zealand, and fought as a radioman in combat on Guadalcanal and Tarawa[4] from 1942 through 1945. While recuperating from malaria in San Francisco, he met Betty Beck, a Marine sergeant; they married in 1945.

Uris in Israel in the 1950s

Coming out of the service, he worked for a newspaper, writing in his spare time. Esquire magazine, in 1950, bought an article, and he began to devote himself to writing more seriously. Drawing on his experiences in Guadalcanal and Tarawa, he produced the best-selling Battle Cry, a novel depicting the toughness and courage of U.S. Marines in the Pacific. He then went to Warner Brothers in Hollywood helping to write the movie, which was extremely popular with the public, if not the critics.[4] He went on to write The Angry Hills, a novel set in war-time Greece.

His best-known work may be Exodus, which was published in 1958. Most sources indicate Uris, motivated by an intense interest in Israel, financed his research for the novel by selling the film rights in advance to MGM and by writing newspaper articles about the Sinai campaign.[5][6][7] It is said that the book involved two years of research, and involved thousands of interviews.[8] Exodus illustrated the history of Palestine from the late 19th century through the founding of the state of Israel in 1948 from azionist point of view.[9][10][11] It was a worldwide best-seller, translated into a dozen languages, and was made into a feature film in 1960, starring Paul Newman, directed by Otto Preminger, as well as into a short-lived Broadway musical (12 previews, 19 performances) in 1971.[12] Uris' 1967 novel Topaz was adapted for the screen and directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1969.[13]

Uris's subsequent works included: Mila 18, about the Warsaw ghetto uprising; Armageddon: A Novel of Berlin, a chronicle which ends with the lifting of the Berlin Blockade in 1949; Trinity, about Irish nationalism and the sequel, Redemption, covering the early 20th century and World War I; QB VII, about the role of a Polish doctor in a German concentration camp; and The Haj, set in the history of the Middle East. He wrote the screenplays for Battle Cry and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. His work having to do with the subject of Israel has been criticized for being one-sided and biased against Arabs.[14][15][16] Author and editor Robert Fisk wrote in 2014 that Exodus was "a racist, fictional account of the birth of Israel in which Arabs are rarely mentioned without the adjectives “dirty” and “stinking” [and] was one of the best pieces of Socialist-Zionist propaganda that Israel could have sought".[17] Jeremy Salt wrote that "The Haj is a profoundly racist work not just because it reduces Arabs once again to a series of ugly stereotypes, but because it appears to be a conscious attempt to show that the culture of an entire people is rotten to the core."[18]

Personal life

Uris was married three times. His first wife was Betty Beck, whom he married in 1945. They had three children before divorcing in 1968. He then married Marjorie Edwards in 1969, who committed suicide by gunshot a year later.[19] His third and last wife was Jill Peabody, with whom he had two children. They married in 1970, when she was 22 years old and he was 45; the couple divorced in 1989.

Leon Uris died of renal failure at his Long Island home on Shelter Island in 2003, aged 78.[4] His papers can be found at the Ransom Center, University of Texas in Austin. The collection includes all of Uris's novels, with the exception of The Haj and Mitla Pass, as well as manuscripts for the screenplay, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.[13]

Selected titles

See also

References

  1. ^ "Author Leon Uris Dies at 78", The Elyria (Ohio) Chronicle Telegram, June 25, 2003, p. A8.
  2. ^ Congressional Record, p. 16911
  3. ^ Hillel Italie AP national (June 2003). "Leon Uris, author of 'Exodus', novel of founding of Israel, and other" (news). Deseret News. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Leon Uris Biography at nytimes.com
  5. ^ Leon Uris, 78, Who Wrote Sweeping Novels Like "Exodus," Dies New York Times – June 25, 2003
  6. ^ Chris Fujiwara (2009). The World and Its Double: The Life and Work of Otto Preminger. Faber & Faber. p. 255. ISBN 0-86547-995-X. [1]
  7. ^ Patricia Erens. The Jew in American Cinema. Indiana University Press, 1988. p. 217. ISBN 0-86547-995-X. [2]
  8. ^ Joel Shatzky; Michael Taub (1994). Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Press. p. 440. ISBN 0-313-29462-3.
  9. ^ http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/the-exodus-effect-the-monumentally-fictional-israel-that-remade-american-jewry-1.476411
  10. ^ http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/25/guardianobituaries.books
  11. ^ http://martinkramer.org/sandbox/2011/10/exodus-myth-and-malpractice/
  12. ^ Ari
  13. ^ a b Travis Willmann. "Leon Uris's Exodus". Fall 2003 Newsletter, Obituary. Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  14. ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-elsner/exodus-book_b_3139291.html
  15. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/books/books-of-the-times-151205.html
  16. ^ https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/leon-uris/the-haj/
  17. ^ The Independent, Robert Fisk: If the Nobel Peace Prize can be handed to Obama, why not hand it to the Israeli Defence Force?, 10 August 2014
  18. ^ {{cite journal | author = Jeremy Salt | title = Fact and Fiction in the Middle Eastern Novels of Leon Uris | journal = Journal of Palestine Studies | volume = 14 | number = 3 | year = 1985 | pages = 54–63
  19. ^ "Milestones: Feb. 28, 1969". Time magazine. February 28, 1969. Retrieved January 3, 2011. Marjorie Uris, 26, former New York fashion model who married Author Leon Uris (Exodus, Topaz) six months ago; apparently by her own hand (.38-cal. revolver); in Aspen, Colo.

Further reading

  • Ira Nadel. Leon Uris: Life of a Best Seller (University of Texas Press; 2010) 376 pages; scholarly biography

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