Jump to content

Gender bender: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
removed
Line 1: Line 1:
RemovedWarning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
{{about|human gender|the hardware component|Gender changer|the X-Files episode|Gender Bender (The X-Files)}}
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
{{Transgender sidebar}}
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
A '''gender bender''' ([[LGBT slang]]: one who '''genderfucks''')<!-- NOTE: "Genderfucks" is here, per WP:Alternative title; read that Wikipedia policy. "Genderfuck" is the alternative name for this article and redirects here. Also see what the rest of this article, including the lead, states about the term.--> is a person who disrupts, "bends", or "fucks with", expected [[gender role]]s. [[Gender]] bending is sometimes a form of social [[activism]] undertaken to destroy rigid gender roles and defy sex-role stereotypes, notably in cases where the gender-nonconforming person finds these roles oppressive. It can be a reaction to, and protest of, [[homophobia]], [[transphobia]] or [[misogyny]]. Some gender benders [[gender identity|identify]] with the [[Sex assignment|sex assigned them at birth]], but challenge the societal [[norm (sociology)|norms]] that assign expectations of particular, gendered behavior to that sex. This rebellion can involve [[androgyny|androgynous]] dress, adornment, behavior, and [[atypical gender role]]s. Gender benders may self-identify as [[transgender|trans]] or [[genderqueer]]. However, many trans people do not consider themselves "gender benders".
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.

If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
Genderbending may be political, stemming from the early [[identity politics]] movements of the 1950s and 1960s, a guiding principle of which is the idea that the personal is political.<ref>Elisa Glick. Sex Positive: Feminism, Queer Theory, and the Politics of Transgression. Feminist Review, No. 64, Feminism 2000: One Step beyond?. (Spring, 2000), pp. 19–45.</ref> In his 1974 article, ''Genderfuck and Its Delights'',<ref>Christopher Lonc. Genderfuck and Its Delights. Gay Sunshine 21 (Spring 1974).</ref> Christopher Lonc explained his motivation for performing genderfuck: "I want to criticize and poke fun at the roles of women and of men too. I want to try and show how not-normal I can be. I want to ridicule and destroy the whole cosmology of restrictive [[gender role|sex role]]s and [[sexual identity|sexual identification]]."<ref>Quoted in {{cite book|editor-last=Bergman|editor-first=David|title=Camp Grounds: Style and Homosexuality|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|location=Amherst|year=1993|page=7|isbn=0-87023-878-7|oclc=28294779|doi=}}</ref>
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.

If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
The term ''genderfuck'' has long been part of the gay vernacular, and started to appear in written documents in the 1970s. Sheidlower cites the definition of the term ''gender fuck'' in L Humphreys' 1972 work ''Out of the Closets: Sociology of Homosexual Liberation'' as "a form of extended [[guerilla theatre]]". Also quoted is ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine, Aug 30th, in reference to the [[glam rock]] style: "The new "macho" [[transvestism]], called vulgarly "gender-fuck", a curious satire of [[female impersonation]] – dresses, pumps, full make-up and beards – Is represented by, among others, three men in [[Women's Army Corps|WAC]] uniforms and big moustaches".<ref name="Sheidlower 2009 189–190">{{cite book|last=Sheidlower|first=Jesse|title=The F-Word|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0199751552|pages=189–190|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_AGK-49nlcC&dq=genderfuck&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref>
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
==Gender binary==
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
To "fuck with" gender, one must have an expectation to be able to rebel against. These expectations are socially constructed and can vary widely between cultures. In many cultures it is only acceptable for an individual to embody one of two polar gender roles; this is known as the [[gender binary]]. In these cultures, for a person to be seen as belonging in a particular gender category the individual must not only have a particular genital and chromosomal makeup, but must conform to that culture's ideas of appropriate sex-role stereotypes, including sexual orientation. To this end, those who go against expected conduct, for example [[gay]]s and [[lesbian]]s, may be seen as "less than" or "other".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Card|first1=C|title=Adventures in Lesbian Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_pIRGizLcMkC&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q&f=false|website=Google Books|accessdate=24 November 2014}}</ref>
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.

If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
In [[Western culture]]s, gender roles have changed somewhat over the years. However, mainstream western culture still tends to expect stereotypical "[[feminine]]" behaviors from females, and "[[masculine]]" sex-role stereotypes from males. A study by [[Princeton University]] outlined these common, prescriptive gender stereotypes: "masculine" - acts as a leader, aggressive, ambitious, analytical, assertive, athletic, competitive, defends own beliefs, dominant, forceful, has leadership abilities, independent, individualistic, makes decisions easily, self-reliant, self-sufficient, strong-personality, willing to take a stand, and willing to take risks. "Feminine" sex-role stereotypes, as defined by this same study included: affectionate, cheerful, childlike, compassionate, does not use harsh language, eager to soothe hurt feelings, flatterable, gentle, gullible, loves children, loyal, sensitive to the needs of others, shy, soft-spoken, sympathetic, tender, understanding, warm, and yielding.<ref name=Princeton1>{{cite web|last1=Prentice|first1=D|last2=Carranza|first2=E|title=What Women And Men Should Be, Shouldn't Be, Are Allowed To Be, And Don't Have To Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes|url=https://psych.princeton.edu/psychology/research/prentice/pubs/Prentice%20Carranza.pdf|website=psych.princeton.edu|accessdate=24 November 2014}}</ref>
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.

If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
In Christian and Jewish cultures, gender roles and gender presentation have been policed since Biblical times: "The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment; for all that do so are abomination unto the Lord thy God" (Deut. 22:5). Crossing these lines has been interpreted by some Christians as a moral transgression.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Garber|first1=M|title=Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing and Cultural Anxiety|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCzYJisHWHAC|website=Google Books|accessdate=24 November 2014}}</ref>
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.

If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
However, other cultures - often [[Indigenous Peoples]], or [[subculture]]s that exist within Western cultures - may see their people as potentially fulfilling [[Two-Spirit|more than one gender role]]. These cultures may have [[Third gender|more than two gender roles]] as part of their social structure. Other cultures may see people as being capable of embodying [[Two-Spirit|more than one of these roles]], or of having [[Agender|no gender at all]].
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.

If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
==Gender bending in practice==
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
Often, [[parody]] and exaggeration are used to transgress [[gender roles]], usually to expose them as artificial.<ref>Wilkinson, Sue and Celia Kitzinger (1996). "The Queer Backlash". In {{cite book |last=Bell |first=Diane |authorlink= |coauthors=Renate Klein (eds) |title=Radically Speaking: Feminism Reclaimed |publisher=Zed Books |year=1996 |location=London |pages=375–382 }} Quoted in {{cite book |last=Weedon |first=Chris |title=Feminism, Theory, and the Politics of Difference |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |location=Cambridge, MA |year=1999 |pages=74–75 |isbn=0-631-19824-5 | oclc = |doi=}}</ref> For example, a person who engages in genderfucking may purposefully exaggerate conventional notions of [[femininity]], or [[masculinity]]. Genderfucking can also be achieved through [[cross-dressing]] and [[androgyny]], both of which challenge and contribute to dismantling the gender binary by separating expression or performance of gender from perceptions of [[biological]] or [[physiological]] sex. Thus, genderfucking protests gender [[essentialism]]. This concept is protested not only through non-normative appearance, but by challenging normative gender roles, characteristics, or behaviors as well – for example, a female-bodied individual who is purposefully assertive and nondomestic in order to challenge the notion of essential femininity. Genderfucking is based in [[gender performativity]]: the concept of gender as a performance. It can be achieved through physical presentation (e.g. clothing, hair, makeup, and secondary sex characteristics), as well as behavior. Because much of gender performance is expressed through clothing, in societies where a gender binary can be observed, there is an established, widespread notion that some clothes are "masculine" and should be worn only by male-bodied individuals, and others are "feminine" and should be worn only by female-bodied individuals. Hawkes, sociologist and author, addresses this "dress code" and the opportunity for a resistance: "The universality of [dress] codes and their meanings allows for the [subversion of] the mainstream 'messages' they convey and through this to illuminate the existence of alternative [gender] identities."<ref>Hawkes, G. (1995). "Dressing-up – cross-dressing and sexual dissonance". Journal of Gender Studies 4(3): 261–270.</ref>
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.

If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
===Cross-dressing and androgyny===
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
Cross-dressing would be a form of genderfucking because the purpose is to "fuck with gender" roles and presentation. [[Androgyny]] is not specifically genderfucking, but it can be considered genderfucking if someone is being androgynous on purpose. Many people who are androgynous may not make a conscious effort to look so.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} The origin of the word "[[androgynous]]" is from the Greek ''androgynos'': "male and female in one; womanish man; common to men and women".<ref>{{cite web|title=Online Etymology Dictionary: androgynous|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=androgynous|accessdate=9 December 2014}}</ref>
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.

If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
There have been many famous people who have been accused of cross-dressing and many famous people now who are androgynous. The Rock star, [[Prince (musician)]] was very well known for his cross dressing or androgynous look.
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.

If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
[[Shakespeare]] used cross dressing in his performances. Over the centuries some readers have posited that Shakespeare's sonnets are autobiographical,<ref>{{Harvnb|Lee|1900|loc=55}}</ref> and point to them as evidence of his love for a young man. With this said, Shakespeare had characters in his writings that were considered cross-dressers. The four of the five main female characters in his plays were seen as women who cross dress as men or boys; Cleopatra in [[Antony and Cleopatra]], Portia in [[The Merchant of Venice]], Rosalind in [[As You Like It]], Viola in [[Twelfth Night]].
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
Genderfucking is seen through many forms of life. One of these forms is [[Drag (clothing)|Drag]].
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.

If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
===Drag===
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
[[File:20140321 Dancing Stars Conchita Wurst 4187.jpg|thumb|[[Conchita Wurst]], a bearded drag queen]]
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
[[Drag (clothing)|Drag shows]] are stage performances where people perform in [[drag (clothing)|drag]]. Drag costuming and makeup may in some cases simply involve an actor portraying a character of a sex or gender different from their own, or the performance itself may be a parody or critique of gender and gender roles. Often "feminine" or "masculine" gender stereoptypes of the persons's culture are exaggerated for comic or satirical effect. Performers may call themselves [[drag king]]s or [[drag queen]]s. Drag revues typically involve elaborate, glamorous costumes and musical performances. The entertainers may sing, dance, or [[lip sync]].
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.

If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
A faux drag performer is a person who performs as the gender they identify as in day-to-day life, albeit in a usually exaggerated form. For instance a female-bodied person who performs as a drag queen is a [[faux queen]] or the other way around for a faux king.
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.

If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
"In order to understand the differences and similarities between gay male drag queens and female-bodied and transgender drag kings and bio queens, we consider how the personal gender and sexual identities of drag performers affect and are affected by their gender performances in drag.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rupp |first=Leila |author2=Taylor, Verta |author3=Shapiro, Eve |title=Drag Queens and Drag Kings: The Difference Gender Makes |journal=Sexualities |date=June 8, 2010 |volume=13 |issue=275 |pages=278 |doi=10.1177/1363460709352725 |accessdate=June 4, 2012}}</ref>
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.

If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
===Literature===
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
Literature, in particular [[erotica]], is another method that has been used to explore genderfuck scenarios. The basis of the literary genre of genderfuck is that it's unimportant whether someone is a man or a woman during the sex act. Doris Libetseder points to [[Carol Queen]]'s short story ''The Leather Daddy and the Femme'', where a lesbian [[butch and femme|femme]] uses a [[strap-on dildo]] to have sex with a gay leather [[daddy (gay slang)|daddy]] as a fitting example of the genderfuck genre.<ref>{{cite book|last=Leibetseder|first=Doris|title=Queer Tracks: Subversive Strategies in Rock and Pop Music|year=2013|publisher=Ash gate Publishing Ltd|isbn=1409472035|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1cxkUZNMKwC&dq=The+leather+daddy+genderfuck&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref>
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.

If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
==Non-political genderfucking==
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
Genderfucking is not always a purposeful political standpoint. According to Butler, gender is something that is [[gender performance|performed]]; it only holds cultural significance to the extent that this is ascribed to it. Despite the [[gender binary]] roles society imposes, there are many ways for individuals to express gender variation and not all of them are intentionally [[political radicalism]].<ref name=Butler /> Further, in 1995 Tamsin Wilton argued that: <blockquote>
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
Gender-fuck is not intrinsically radical – otherwise gender-benders such as [[Boy George]], [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[Annie Lennox]], [[David Bowie]] etc. would not get away with it to the extent that they do. A politically aware gender-fuck – such as that of [[RuPaul]] or (to a limited extent) [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] – gets much closer to radicalism, but it is only by incorporating a critique of gender ''as an axis of power'' that playing about with gender signifiers can be more than wickedly entertaining<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilton|first=Tamsin|title=Lesbian Studies: Setting an Agenda|year=1995|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415086566|pages=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnzcVXPkyyMC&dq=boy+george+genderfuck&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref></blockquote>
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.

If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
==Judith Butler and gender as performance==
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
[[Judith Butler]] is one of the most well-known theorists regarding the idea that gender is something that is performed by individuals. Her concept of [[gender performativity]] is the idea that people choose to perform gender in a context in which we are given very few socially acceptable choices, but can be explained as being similar to what actors do in front of the camera. Due to the importance we place on the belief that men need to act like men and women need to behave like women, it is often believed that gender is an innate attribute and not a social construct. In her article ''Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory'', Butler explains that if gender is something that sexed bodies assimilate to in order to follow the societal codes of what is appropriate behavior, then those actions can be conceptualized in different ways to allow more flexibility for individuals. In the same article, she asserts that in U.S. culture, the gender binary and its strict social repercussions against those that act against the "normal" script, this script is policed by harassment, parental pressures to fill expectations, and peer influence. All of which are a way to guarantee that the culture will repeat itself from generation to generation.<ref name=Butler>{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Judith|title=Performative Acts and Gender Construction: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory|url=http://www.mariabuszek.com/kcai/PoMoSeminar/Readings/BtlrPerfActs.pdf|accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref>
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.

If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
Judith Butler's theory about gender roles and their social implications and need for reconstruction is more fully developed in her book, [[Gender Trouble]]. She argues that the limited acceptance of variation in gender roles does great harm to individual expression. With the limited options for both men and women, there is little room for their combined forces, because men are constantly focused on becoming the financial supporters of their families which leaves women with the sole option of being the maternal expert she is expected to be. This idea excludes the masculine women or feminine men from being acceptable parental figures for their children because it may lead to a child growing up and conceptualizing the world differently.<ref name=Butler />
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.

If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
==Gender and childraising==
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
According to Susan Witt's recent study, children generally come to their first conclusions about being male or female from their parents since typically they are the first people the child relates to and the nature of the relationship is intense. Besides parents giving children gender specific clothing, toys, and expectations, there are often many subtle messages about what is acceptable or not regarding gender. Witt's study showed that children that grow up with more [[androgynous]] gendered parents are more focused on achievements and typically have a better sense of self.<ref>{{cite web|last=Witt|first=Susan D.|title=Parental Influence on Children's Socialization to Gender Roles|url=http://gozips.uakron.edu/~susan8/parinf.htm|publisher=University of Akron School of Home Economics and Family Ecology|accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref> Conversely, in cases of gender nonconformity, when a child exhibits [[gender performance]]s that are atypical of their prescribed gender role, Kerry Robinson reports that a parental figure may respond with hostility.<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=Kerry|title=Tomboys and Sissy Girls: young girls' negotiations of femininity and masculinity |url=http://uws.academia.edu/KerryRobinson/Papers/319023/Tomboys_and_Sissy_Girls_young_girls_negotiations_of_femininity_and_masculinity |publisher=International Journal of Equity and Innovation in Early Childhood|accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref> According to the ''Official Journal of American Academy of Pediatrics'', people who do not conform to the [[gender binary]] are often subject to abuse from society, from within the family and within their community. Types of abuse range from [[physical abuse|physical]] and [[sexual abuse|sexual]] to [[psychological abuse]] and are not associated with homosexuality alone.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roberts,Rosario,Corliss,Koenen and Austin|first=Andrea L.,Margaret,Heather L.,Karestan C.,and S. Bryn|title=Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2012/02/15/peds.2011-1804.full.pdf|publisher=Pediatrics: Official Journal of the American Journal of Pediatrics|accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref>
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.

If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
==Examples==
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
{{or-section|date=February 2014}}
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.

If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
===David Bowie===
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
Exploiting his [[androgyny|androgynous]] appearance, rock star [[David Bowie]] wore a dress on the UK cover of his 1970 album, ''[[The Man Who Sold the World (album)|The Man Who Sold the World]]'', and often wore dresses, makeup and leotards both onstage and while doing interviews. In a time when very few people were out, he announced he and his wife were both bisexual.<ref name=Pegg260>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nnO_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1937#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Complete David Bowie|author= Nicholas Pegg|publisher=Titan Books|date= 2 December 2011|pages=260–65}}</ref><ref name=Sandford73>{{Cite book |last=Sandford |first=Christopher |title=Bowie: Loving the Alien |publisher=Time Warner |year=1997 |origyear=First published 1996 |isbn=0-306-80854-4|pages=73–74}}</ref>
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.

If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
===Annie Lennox===
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
Singer-songwriter and political activist [[Annie Lennox]] began her career as lead singer with [[The Tourists]] in the late 1970s. In The 1980s she fronted [[synthpop]] band the [[Eurythmics]] but has focused on solo work since the 1990s with the exception of an album and tour with Eurythmics In 1999. The ''Spin Alternative Record Guide'' described her in 1995 as "Gender-fuck goddess Annie Lennox".<ref name="Sheidlower 2009 189–190"/>
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.

If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
===The Cockettes===
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
The [[Cockettes]] were a [[Psychedelia|psychedelic]] [[drag queen]] troupe, founded in San Francisco In the late 1960s. According to the journal ''[[Maledicta]]'' in 1987: "Real transvestites and transsexuals are... embarrassed... [by]... The gender-fuck Cockettes and such (in dresses and beards)."<ref name="Sheidlower 2009 189–190"/>
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.

If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.
=== ''It's Pat'' ===
If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
Pat, a character from the television show [[Saturday Night Live]], served as the basis for the movie ''[[It's Pat]]''. The sketches and film feature an androgynous main character, Pat. People are unable to determine Pat's sex, including one male who cannot determine it after having sex with Pat, while stranded on a deserted island.
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.

If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers.
=== ''Rocky Horror Picture Show'' ===
If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page.
[[Dr. Frank-N-Furter]] from the movie, ''[[Rocky Horror Picture Show]]'', is a male bodied person but wears lingerie, clothing, and accessories thought to be feminine. The character also wears make-up. In one of the songs featured in the musical Dr. Frank-N-Furter sings, "I'm just a sweet transvestite from Transsexual, Transylvania."
If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version.

If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page.
=== New York Dolls ===
If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed.
The [[New York Dolls]] are a rock band who formed in 1971 and had a [[protopunk]] sound. they broke up in 1977 but reformed in 2004. Their genderfuck is generally viewed to be quite subtle.<ref name="Sheidlower 2009 189–190"/>
If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.

===Phranc===
The American singer-songwriter and artist [[Phranc]] began her career in 1978 with punk band [[Nervous Gender]]. In 1985 ''[[Village Voice]]'' wrote: "Part of Phranc's appeal is the genderfuck of her sweet feminine voice coming from such a masculine frame."<ref name="Sheidlower 2009 189–190"/> She later worked with [[queercore]] band [[Team Dresch]].

=== Boy George ===
[[Boy George]] a highly androgynous musician, and was part of [[New Romanticism|the English New Romanticism movement]] which emerged in the early 1980s.
He famously stated, "I can do anything. In ''GQ'', I appeared as a man."

=== Prince ===
[[Prince (musician)]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Scott Barry|title=From George and Lennox to Gaga and Lambert: Androgyny, Creativity, and Pop Culture|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/200912/george-and-lennox-gaga-and-lambert-androgyny-creativity-and-pop-culture|work=Psychology Today|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref>

=== Marilyn Manson ===
Charlotte Richardson Andrews of ''[[The Guardian]]'' says [[Marilyn Manson]]'s gender-bending rock act "shows trans identities can resonate with the public in a way that cannot be ghettoised".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2012/may/09/sexuality-gender-blurred-rock-roll|title=Sexuality and gender have always been blurred in rock'n'roll|last=Andrews|first=Charlotte Richardson|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 May 2012|accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> Manson's gender-bending has been compared to that of [[Alice Cooper]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/marilyn-manson-the-pale-emperor|title=Marilyn Manson: The Pale Emperor|last=Aspray|first=Benjamin|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|date=18 January 2015}}</ref> and Bowie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1998-09-15/features/1998258015_1_manson-mechanical-animals-ziggy-stardust|title=Manson: A cry against nature Review: 'Animals' is a gender-bending, genre-borrowing, creepy mix. Sorry, Mom, it's also quite good.|last=Considine|first=J. D.|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=15 September 1998|accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref>

=== Grace Jones ===
According to [[SheWired]], [[Grace Jones]] laughs at outside attempts to define her gender identity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shewired.com/music/2015/09/28/grace-jones-proves-herself-gender-bending-icon-once-again-hollywood-bowl|title=Grace Jones Proves Herself a Gender-Bending Icon Once Again at the Hollywood Bowl|last=Berrick|first=Genevieve|work=[[SheWired]]|date=28 September 2015|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Jones herself has said of her gender ambiguity that she feels her masculine side is "a bit stronger".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20151002-grace-jones-style-power-and-in-your-face-sexuality|title=Grace Jones: Style, power and in-your-face sexuality|last=Foreman|first=Katya|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2 October 2015|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> [[NPR]] cites her as an influence on [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] and [[Lady Gaga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/2015/10/05/445999222/grace-jones-im-a-bit-split-personality|title=Grace Jones: 'I'm A Bit Split Personality'|author=<!-- Staff -->|work=[[NPR]]|date=5 October 2015|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref>

=== Lady Gaga ===
[[Lady Gaga]] is very specific in what she wears and even states that, "But in a sense, I portray myself in a very androgynous way, and I love androgyny."<ref name="walters">{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9640579 |title=Lady Gaga: 'I Love Androgyny' |publisher=ABC News |accessdate=2010-05-03 |last=Walters |first=Barbara |date=2009-12-30 |authorlink=Barbara Walters}}</ref>

===Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence===
The charity, protest and [[street performance]] organization [[Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence]] was formed by [[gay men]] in 1979, originally using nuns' attire and [[high camp]] to draw attention to social conflicts in [[the Castro, San Francisco]]. Currently they fundraise for [[AIDS]] and other [[LGBT]] causes and promote and educate on [[safe sex|safer sex]] issues. The ''Cambridge Guide to American Theater'' identified them as one of the "more anarchic uses of "gender-fuck"... [which]... "parodied traditional drag".<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilmeth|first=Don B.|title=Cambridge Guide to American Theater|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521835380|pages=254|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYsXbFvjrXkC&dq=rocky+horror+genderfuck&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref>

=== WisCon ===
[[WisCon]], the world's oldest and foremost feminist [[science fiction convention]], sponsors an annual "Genderfloomp" dance to "seek to explore and expand our concepts of gender via dance party. Gender play/blurring/queering/drag, both in dress and manner, is highly encouraged but hardly required".<ref>[http://wiscon.piglet.org/program/detail?idItems=1380 Official description of Genderfloomp dance]</ref>

==In fiction==
In fiction, the term gender bender may refer not only to characters modeled after real-life gender benders, but also to characters who undergo changes in their physical sex – magically or otherwise – throughout the story. A work of art which challenges gender roles or features gender bending may itself be referred to as a "gender bender".

*The [[light novel]], [[anime]] and [[manga]] series ''[[Kampfer]]'', features a main character who switches from male to female by a magical bracelet.
*In ''[[Orlando: A Biography]]'', an influential novel by [[Virginia Woolf]] published in 1928, the protagonist lives three hundred years and in the middle transforms from a man into a woman.
*A historical and well-studied example of "gender bending" in English narrative is Shakespeare's ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.
*The [[manga]] and [[anime]] series ''[[Ranma ½]]'', features a main character who regularly switches from male to female due to a magic curse.
*The [[manga]] and [[anime]] series ''[[Soul Eater (manga)|Soul Eater]]'', many of the main characters go into a magical book with each chapter being one of the [[seven deadly sins]]. In "Lust" each person is "gender bended" to test their temptation of the opposite sex.
*In the [[anime]] version of ''[[Sailor Moon]]'', the [[Sailor Starlights]] are able to change their gender, being male in their civilian form and female in their senshi form.
*In the novel ''[[The Left Hand of Darkness]]'' by [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], characters have neutral sex for most of their lives, but take on either male or female characteristics when in heat (''kemmering'').
*In [[Neil Gaiman]]'s comic, [[The Sandman (Vertigo)|''The Sandman'']], the character [[Desire (DC Comics)|Desire]] is gender-fluid, and can become male, female, both, or neither, depending on the situation.
*Early examples of cross-dressing in films include ''[[A Florida Enchantment]]'' (1914) directed by and starring [[Sidney Drew]] and ''[[Mabel's Blunder]]'' (1914) directed by and starring [[Mabel Normand]].
*The ''[[X-files]]'' episode [[Gender Bender (The X-Files)|''Gender Bender'']], features a series of identical, sexually-oriented murders, where the killer appears to be both male and female, changing gender after experience of intercourse.
*The film ''[[Zerophilia]]'' is a romantic comedy about a young man who discovers he has a genetic condition that causes him to change gender when he's aroused.
*In the [[Raging Bender|eighth episode]] of ''[[Futurama]]''{{'}}s [[Futurama (season 2)|second season]], [[Bender (Futurama)|Bender]] is briefly known as "The Gender Bender".
*The [[manga]] and [[anime]] series ''[[Gin Tama]]'' features character who change gender.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

== See also ==
* [[Coloniality of gender]]
* [[Androgyny]]
* [[Cross-dressing]]
* [[Versatile (sex)|Versatile]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Sexual identities}}

[[Category:Gender]]
[[Category:LGBT terms]]
[[Category:Transgender]]
[[Category:Transgender identities]]
[[Category:Genderqueer]]
[[Category:Sexual orientation and society]]

Revision as of 07:00, 28 April 2016

RemovedWarning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.Warning: An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive. Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content or leave a message on the talk page. If you believe the page should be deleted altogether, please see the deletion policy for information on how to proceed. If this edit is constructive, please click 'Save page' again, and report this error.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gender_bender&oldid=717526554"