Gender expression: Difference between revisions
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In men and boys, typical gender expression is often described as "manly", while atypical expression is known as [[Effeminacy|effeminate]]. In girls, atypical expression is called [[tomboy]]ish. In (especially queer) women, atypical and typical expression are known as [[butch and femme]] respectively. A mixture of typical and atypical expression may be described as [[Androgyny|androgynous]]. A type of expression that is perceived as neither typically feminine or masculine can be described as gender-neutral or undifferentiated. |
In men and boys, typical gender expression is often described as "manly", while atypical expression is known as [[Effeminacy|effeminate]]. In girls, atypical expression is called [[tomboy]]ish. In (especially queer) women, atypical and typical expression are known as [[butch and femme]] respectively. A mixture of typical and atypical expression may be described as [[Androgyny|androgynous]]. A type of expression that is perceived as neither typically feminine or masculine can be described as gender-neutral or undifferentiated. |
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The term ''gender expression'' is used in the [[Yogyakarta Principles]]. The Yogyakarta Principles concern the application of international [[human rights law]] in relation to sexual orientation |
The term ''gender expression'' is used in the [[Yogyakarta Principles]]. The Yogyakarta Principles concern the application of international [[human rights law]] in relation to [[sexual orientation]] and gender identity. In the Principles, ''gender expression'' is defined in relation to gender identity. However, in November 2017, the Yogyakarta Principles were expanded to include new principles and new attributes of gender expression and [[Sex characteristics (legal term)|sex characteristics]]. The supplement noted that the new "explicit ground for protection from violations of human rights has evolved in international jurisprudence".<ref name="ypplus10">[http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/ Yogyakarta Principles plus 10]</ref> Gender expression is defined as "each person's presentation of the person's gender through physical appearance – including dress, hairstyles, accessories, cosmetics – and mannerisms, speech, behavioural patterns, names and personal references, and noting further that gender expression may or may not conform to a person's gender identity."<ref name="ypplus10" /> |
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==Evaluating gender expression== |
==Evaluating gender expression== |
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Revision as of 16:34, 9 December 2017
Gender expression refers to the aspects of person's behaviour, mannerisms, interests, and appearance that are associated with gender in a particular cultural context, specifically with the categories of femininity or masculinity. This also includes gender roles. These categories rely on stereotypes about gender.
Defining gender expression
Gender expression typically reflects a person's gender identity (their internal sense of their own gender), but this is not always the case.[1][2] Gender expression is separate and independent both from sexual orientation and gender assigned at birth. A type of gender expression that is considered atypical for a person's externally perceived gender may be described as gender non-conforming.
In men and boys, typical gender expression is often described as "manly", while atypical expression is known as effeminate. In girls, atypical expression is called tomboyish. In (especially queer) women, atypical and typical expression are known as butch and femme respectively. A mixture of typical and atypical expression may be described as androgynous. A type of expression that is perceived as neither typically feminine or masculine can be described as gender-neutral or undifferentiated.
The term gender expression is used in the Yogyakarta Principles. The Yogyakarta Principles concern the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. In the Principles, gender expression is defined in relation to gender identity. However, in November 2017, the Yogyakarta Principles were expanded to include new principles and new attributes of gender expression and sex characteristics. The supplement noted that the new "explicit ground for protection from violations of human rights has evolved in international jurisprudence".[3] Gender expression is defined as "each person's presentation of the person's gender through physical appearance – including dress, hairstyles, accessories, cosmetics – and mannerisms, speech, behavioural patterns, names and personal references, and noting further that gender expression may or may not conform to a person's gender identity."[3]
Evaluating gender expression
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory was designed to evaluate gender expression objectively (within a White American cultural context).
References
- ^ Summers, Randal W. (2016). Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actions [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 232. ISBN 9781610695923.
- ^ American Psychological Association (December 2015). "Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People" (PDF). American Psychologist. 70 (9): 861.
- ^ a b Yogyakarta Principles plus 10
Bibliography
- Serano, Julia (2016). Whipping Girl: A transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity (2nd ed.), Berkeley, CA: Seal Press.