Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani: Difference between revisions
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'''Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani''', also known as the '''Isfahani Mahdi''' was a young [[Persian people|Persian]] man who in 931 CE was declared to be "God incarnate" by [[Qarmatian]] leader of [[Bahrayn (historical region)|Bahrayn]], [[Abu Tahir al-Jannabi]]. This new [[Islamic eschatology|apocalyptic]] leader, however, caused great disruption by rejecting traditional aspects of [[Islam]], and promoting ties to [[Zoroastrianism]].<ref name="Amanat20022">{{cite book|author=Abbas Amanat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuBWgjR0gyAC&pg=PA123|title=Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America|date=9 February 2002|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-724-6|pages=123–}}</ref> |
'''Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani''', also known as the '''Isfahani Mahdi''' was a young [[Persian people|Persian]] man who in 931 CE was declared to be "God incarnate" by [[Qarmatian]] leader of [[Bahrayn (historical region)|Bahrayn]], [[Abu Tahir al-Jannabi]]. This new [[Islamic eschatology|apocalyptic]] leader, however, caused great disruption by rejecting traditional aspects of [[Islam]], and promoting ties to [[Zoroastrianism]].<ref name="Amanat20022">{{cite book|author=Abbas Amanat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuBWgjR0gyAC&pg=PA123|title=Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America|date=9 February 2002|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-724-6|pages=123–}}</ref> |
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Abu Tahir thought that he had identified the [[Mahdi]] as a young Persian prisoner from [[Isfahan]] by the name of Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani, who claimed to be a descendant of the [[Sassanid Persia|Sassanid Persian]] kings.<ref>Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse By Abbas Amanat, Magnus Thorkell - Page 123</ref><ref>Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam - Page 26 by Delia Cortese, Simonetta Calderini</ref><ref>Early Philosophical Shiism: The Ismaili Neoplatonism of Abū Yaʻqūb Al-Sijistānī - Page 161 by Paul Ernest Walke</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">The Other God: Dualist Religions from Antiquity to the Cathar Heresy by Yuri Stoyanov</ref><ref>Classical Islam: A History, 600–1258 - Page 113 by Gustave Edmund Von Grunebaum</ref> Al-Isfahani had been brought back to Bahrayn from the Qarmatians' raid into Iraq in 928.{{sfn|Halm|1991|page=257}} In 931, Abu Tahir turned over the state to this Mahdi-Caliph, said to in fact be a [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] revivalist with anti-Arab sentiments. He reinstituted the [[Atar|veneration of fire]] and engaged in burning of religious books during an eighty-day rule. Isfahani also is though to have some links with established Zoroastrian orthodoxy as the high priest of the Zoroastrians, Esfandiar Adarbad was executed by the Abbasid Caliph after being accused of complicity with Abu Tahir.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CARMATIANS – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/carmatians-ismailis|access-date=2020-10-28|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref> His reign culminated in the execution of members of Bahrayn's notable families, including members of Abu Tahir's family.<ref>Farhad Daftary, The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Isma'ilis, IB Tauris, 1994, p21</ref> Abu Tahir's mother conspired to get rid of Abu'l-Fadl; she faked her death and sent a messenger to call the [[Mahdi]] to resurrect her. When he refused, he was exposed as being a normal human, and Abu Tahir's brother Sa'id killed Abu'l-Fadl after the Mahdi had reigned for only eight days.<ref name="CorteseCalderini20062">{{cite book|author1=Delia Cortese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HFDHoHDtNgC&pg=PA26|title=Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam|author2=Simonetta Calderini|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7486-1733-3|pages=26–}}</ref> Other accounts say fearing for his own life, Abu Tahir announced that he had been wrong and denounced the al-Isfahani as a false Mahdi. Begging forgiveness from the other notables, Abu Tahir had him executed. |
Abu Tahir thought that he had identified the [[Mahdi]] as a young Persian prisoner from [[Isfahan]] by the name of Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani, who claimed to be a descendant of the [[Sassanid Persia|Sassanid Persian]] kings.<ref>Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse By Abbas Amanat, Magnus Thorkell - Page 123</ref><ref>Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam - Page 26 by Delia Cortese, Simonetta Calderini</ref><ref>Early Philosophical Shiism: The Ismaili Neoplatonism of Abū Yaʻqūb Al-Sijistānī - Page 161 by Paul Ernest Walke</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">The Other God: Dualist Religions from Antiquity to the Cathar Heresy by Yuri Stoyanov</ref><ref>Classical Islam: A History, 600–1258 - Page 113 by Gustave Edmund Von Grunebaum</ref> Al-Isfahani had been brought back to Bahrayn from the Qarmatians' raid into Iraq in 928.{{sfn|Halm|1991|page=257}} In 931, Abu Tahir turned over the state to this Mahdi-Caliph, said to in fact be a [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] revivalist with anti-Arab sentiments. He reinstituted the [[Atar|veneration of fire]] and engaged in burning of religious books during an eighty-day rule. Isfahani also is though to have some links with established Zoroastrian orthodoxy as the high priest of the Zoroastrians, Esfandiar Adarbad was executed by the Abbasid Caliph after being accused of complicity with Abu Tahir.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CARMATIANS – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/carmatians-ismailis|access-date=2020-10-28|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref> His reign culminated in the execution of members of Bahrayn's notable families, including members of Abu Tahir's family.<ref>Farhad Daftary, The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Isma'ilis, IB Tauris, 1994, p21</ref> Abu Tahir's mother conspired to get rid of Abu'l-Fadl; she faked her death and sent a messenger to call the [[Mahdi]] to resurrect her. When he refused, he was exposed as being a normal human, and Abu Tahir's brother Sa'id killed Abu'l-Fadl after the Mahdi had reigned for only eight days.<ref name="CorteseCalderini20062">{{cite book|author1=Delia Cortese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HFDHoHDtNgC&pg=PA26|title=Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam|author2=Simonetta Calderini|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7486-1733-3|pages=26–}}</ref> Other accounts say fearing for his own life, Abu Tahir announced that he had been wrong and denounced the al-Isfahani as a false Mahdi.{{sfn|Daftary|2007|page=162}} Begging forgiveness from the other notables, Abu Tahir had him executed. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 01:58, 29 November 2021
Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani, also known as the Isfahani Mahdi was a young Persian man who in 931 CE was declared to be "God incarnate" by Qarmatian leader of Bahrayn, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi. This new apocalyptic leader, however, caused great disruption by rejecting traditional aspects of Islam, and promoting ties to Zoroastrianism.[1]
Abu Tahir thought that he had identified the Mahdi as a young Persian prisoner from Isfahan by the name of Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani, who claimed to be a descendant of the Sassanid Persian kings.[2][3][4][5][6] Al-Isfahani had been brought back to Bahrayn from the Qarmatians' raid into Iraq in 928.[7] In 931, Abu Tahir turned over the state to this Mahdi-Caliph, said to in fact be a Zoroastrian revivalist with anti-Arab sentiments. He reinstituted the veneration of fire and engaged in burning of religious books during an eighty-day rule. Isfahani also is though to have some links with established Zoroastrian orthodoxy as the high priest of the Zoroastrians, Esfandiar Adarbad was executed by the Abbasid Caliph after being accused of complicity with Abu Tahir.[8] His reign culminated in the execution of members of Bahrayn's notable families, including members of Abu Tahir's family.[9] Abu Tahir's mother conspired to get rid of Abu'l-Fadl; she faked her death and sent a messenger to call the Mahdi to resurrect her. When he refused, he was exposed as being a normal human, and Abu Tahir's brother Sa'id killed Abu'l-Fadl after the Mahdi had reigned for only eight days.[10] Other accounts say fearing for his own life, Abu Tahir announced that he had been wrong and denounced the al-Isfahani as a false Mahdi.[11] Begging forgiveness from the other notables, Abu Tahir had him executed.
References
- ^ Abbas Amanat (9 February 2002). Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America. I.B.Tauris. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-1-86064-724-6.
- ^ Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse By Abbas Amanat, Magnus Thorkell - Page 123
- ^ Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam - Page 26 by Delia Cortese, Simonetta Calderini
- ^ Early Philosophical Shiism: The Ismaili Neoplatonism of Abū Yaʻqūb Al-Sijistānī - Page 161 by Paul Ernest Walke
- ^ The Other God: Dualist Religions from Antiquity to the Cathar Heresy by Yuri Stoyanov
- ^ Classical Islam: A History, 600–1258 - Page 113 by Gustave Edmund Von Grunebaum
- ^ Halm 1991, p. 257.
- ^ "CARMATIANS – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ Farhad Daftary, The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Isma'ilis, IB Tauris, 1994, p21
- ^ Delia Cortese; Simonetta Calderini (2006). Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-0-7486-1733-3.
- ^ Daftary 2007, p. 162.
Sources
- Canard, M. (1965). "al-D̲j̲annābī". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 452–454. OCLC 495469475.
- Daftary, Farhad (2007). The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61636-2.
- Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-35497-7.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1978). "Ḳarmaṭī". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 660–665. OCLC 758278456.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1996). "The Fatimids and the Qarmatīs of Bahrayn". In Daftary, Farhad (ed.). Mediaeval Isma'ili History and Thought. Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–73. ISBN 978-0-521-00310-0.