Atronsa Maryam

Atronsa Maryam
Atronsa Maryam
Religion
Affiliation	Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Status	A ctive
Location
Location	Legehida, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Geographic coordinates	10.756266°N 39.275634°E / 10.756266; 39.275634

Atronsa Maryam (Amharic: አትሮንሰ ማርያም) is one of the oldest churches in Wollo, Ethiopia. The church sits on small hill near the mighty river of Wallaqa and about 5 km from the town of Woin Amba. The original name of this area was Kelanto. It is also very close to the famous church of Makana Sellase. The church was first built by Emperor Emperor Ba'ada Maryam in about 1468. Several decades later, the church was burnt to ashes by Ahmad Gragn, but the tabot was carried to safety prior to the arrival of the forces of Ahmad Gragn.

Construction

Originally, the idea of building a church in the vicinity of Kelanto was initiated by Emperor Sayfa Ara'ad (1344-1372). The place where this church was built is a private property of Emperor Sayfa Ara'ad (1344-1372) who bought it with his own money to build a church on it. Unfortunately, he died before he build one. [Chronicle of Ba'ada Maryam]. The original name of the place was Klanto; also called Sako Malza, apparently a name of the district where Klanot was.

Several years later, fullfilling the ambition of his grand father, Emperor Zar'a Ya'aqob (1434-1468) sent a tabot to the site and built a small chapel for her. He called its name Dabra Paraqlitos. Like his predecessors, Zar'a Ya'aqob was not able to complete the work of building a church, and he died before he materialized his thought. Following the original name of the place, Kelanto, the church was also known by the locals as Dabra Kelanto. It is believed that Zar'a Ya'aqob was not responsible for the creation of the tabot itself or for chosing the site for it. The local legend claims that the Tabot of Atronsa Maryam was brought during the reign of Ezana.

In about 1462, the son of Zar'a Ya'aqob, Emperor Ba'ada Maryam (1468-1478) started building the church. He hastened its construction staying there and succeeded building a beautiful church. In october 1468, a few days after the commemoration (tiizkar) of the fortieth day of the death of Emperor Zar'a Ya'aqob, the church of Atronasa Maryam was inagurated. During the inaguration, Ba'ada Maryam renamed the tabot and the site, where he built the church for it, Atronasa Maryam. [Chronicle of Ba'ada Maryam]. The church was under the jurisdiction of the monastery of Dabra Libanos. The son and successor of Ba'ada Maryam, Emperor Eskandar (1474-1497), was apparently involved in the construction of the church. Eskandar, like Ba'ada Maryam, was buried in the church of Atronasa Maryam. Before the demolition of Atronsa Maryam, a total of about 21 kings of Abyssinia have been burried in this church.

In the course of time, the church acquired fame for its wealth - Ba'ada Maryam himself being its generous donour - and for harbouring the remains of eighteen of the earlier metropolitans and emperors, starting with Yakunno Arnlak (1270-1285). A text in the chronicle of Ba'ada Maryam states that the tabot spent 67 years in "Sako Melza". The period until the infamous 21st year of the reign of Emperor Labna Dangal (1508-1540).

Destruction of the Church

In about 1531, during the "Holy War" of the Muslims against the Christian Ethiopian Empire, one of the contingents of their Leader Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, commanded by Waz Ir Nur, plundered its property and burned the church along with the treasury that they could not carry away. However, the tabot itself, assumed to have been burned down with the church, was moved before the onslaught. This story was fully described by the writer of the Futuh-al-Habasa as follows:

The imam called the Arabs who were with him, and said to them, "Is there in Constantinople (Rum) or India or anywhere else a building such as this house (Atronasa Maryam] and its paintings and gold?" They said, "We have neither seen nor heard apout one like it in Constantinople or India or in the world." As for wazir Nur, he arrived at the church of Atronsa Maryam. They entered it and were astounded by its workmanship.

Later, the tabot was able to come back to her original site after "57 years" of exile. The tabot is believed to have spent most of its exile in a new church built at a mountain pinnacle over the Blue Nile Gorge, also named after it as Atronsa Maryam. In about 1616, Hafa Krastos was able to rebuild the church which took him about 30 years. Hafa Krastos was probably the older brother of Emperor Susanayos (1607-1632). The tabot spent about 94 years in happiness in the new church rebuilt by Hafa Krastos. In a second raid, the new church was again looted and demolished by the Oromo on 23 August, 1710. This time the tabot herself was taken captive.

See also

• Tadbaba Maryam
• Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion

Further reading

• Chronica De Susenyos, Rei De Ethiopia VII. Francisco Maria Esteves Pereira, 1900.
• History of Eskender, Amda Seyon II and Nâ'od, Kings of Ethiopia. Jules Perruchon, 1894.
• The Chronicles of Zar'a Yâ'eqôb and Ba'eda Mâryâm, Kings of Ethiopia from 1434 to 1478. Jules Perruchon, 1893
• In Search of St. Luke lkons in Ethiopia, Journal of Ethiopian Studies. Diana Spencer, 1972. [1]
• Travels in Gojjam: St. Luke Ikons and Brancaleon Re-discovered. JSTOR 41965874
• The Conquest of Abyssinia pp.335. Frederick A. Edwards.[2]