Invasive carcinoma of no special type: Difference between revisions
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Drzuckerman (talk | contribs) This article is very skimpy. I will return to add more later. The new info on DCIS can be referenced by the National Research Center for Women & Families article cited, or the NCI website |
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'''Ductal carcinoma''' is a very common type of [[breast cancer]] in [[women]]. It comes in two forms: '''infiltrating ductal carcinoma''' (IDC), an invasive cell type; and '''ductal carcinoma in situ''' (DCIS), a noninvasive cancer. |
'''Ductal carcinoma''' is a very common type of [[breast cancer]] in [[women]]. It comes in two forms: '''infiltrating ductal carcinoma''' (IDC), an invasive cell type; and '''ductal carcinoma in situ''' (DCIS), a noninvasive cancer. |
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==DCIS== |
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| ⚫ | DCIS |
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DCIS is the most common type of noninvasive breast cancer in women. Ductal carcinoma refers to the development of [[cancer cells]] within the [[mammary gland|milk ducts]] of the breast. ''[[In situ]]'' means "in place" and refers to the fact that the cancer has not moved out of the duct and into any surrounding tissue. <p> |
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As screening mammography has become more widespread, DCIS has become one of the most commonly diagnosed breast conditions. It is often referred to as "stage zero breast cancer." In countries where screening mammography is uncommon, DCIS is sometimes diagnosed at a later stage, but in countries where screening mammography is widespread, it is usually diagnosed on a mammogram when it is so small that it has not formed a lump. DCIS is not painful or dangerous, and it does not metastasize unless it first develops into invasive cancer. <p> |
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| ⚫ | DCIS is usually discovered through a [[mammogram]] as very small specks of calcium known as [[microcalcification]]s. However, not all microcalcifications indicate the presence of DCIS, which must be confirmed by biopsy. DCIS may be multifocal, and treatment is aimed at excising all of the abnormal duct elements, leaving "clear margins", an area of much debate. After excision treatment often includes local radiation therapy. With appropriate treatment, DCIS is unlikely to develop into invasive cancer. Surgical excision with radiation lowers the risk that the DCIS will recur or that invasive breast cancer will develop.<p> |
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==Treatment Choices for DCIS== |
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DCIS patients have three surgery choices. They are 1) lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy 2) mastectomy or 3) mastectomy with breast reconstruction surgery. Most women with DCIS can choose lumpectomy.<p> |
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Lumpectomy is surgery that removes only the cancer and some normal tissue around it. Under most circumstances, mastectomy does not increase survival time for women with DCIS, and would only be considered under unusual circumstances, such as cases where the breast is very small or the area of DCIS is very large.<p> |
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Tamoxifen or another hormonal therapy is recommended for some women with DCIS to help prevent breast cancer. Hormonal therapy further decreases the risk of recurrence of DCIS or the development of invasive breast cancer. However, they have potentially dangerous side effects, such as increased risk of endometrial cancer, severe circulatory problems, or stroke. In addition, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and a possibility of premature menopause are common for women who were not yet menopausal when they started treatment.<p> |
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Unlike women with invasive breast cancer, women with DCIS do not undergo chemotherapy and they usually do not need to have their lymph nodes tested or removed. Experts are not sure whether all women with DCIS would eventually develop invasive breast cancer if they live for a long time and are not treated. <p> |
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IDC, formed in the ducts of breast in the earliest stage, is the most common, most heterogeneous invasive [[breast cancer]] cell type. It accounts for 80% of all types of [[breast cancer]]. On a [[mammography]], it is usually visualized as a mass with fine spikes radiating from the edges, and small [[microcalcification]] may be seen as well. On [[physical examination]], this lump usually feels much harder or firmer than the one with [[benign breast lesions]]. On [[microscopic examination]], the cancerous cells invade and replace the surrounding normal tissue inside the breast. |
IDC, formed in the ducts of breast in the earliest stage, is the most common, most heterogeneous invasive [[breast cancer]] cell type. It accounts for 80% of all types of [[breast cancer]]. On a [[mammography]], it is usually visualized as a mass with fine spikes radiating from the edges, and small [[microcalcification]] may be seen as well. On [[physical examination]], this lump usually feels much harder or firmer than the one with [[benign breast lesions]]. On [[microscopic examination]], the cancerous cells invade and replace the surrounding normal tissue inside the breast. |
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* Original text on IDC from [http://woman-health.org/virtual/Infiltrating_Ductal_Carcinoma Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma], licensed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. |
* Original text on IDC from [http://woman-health.org/virtual/Infiltrating_Ductal_Carcinoma Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma], licensed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. |
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* [http://www.center4research.org/wmnshlth/2006/dcis10-06.html DCIS, LCIS, and Other Stage 0 Breast Cancer, National Research Center for Women & Families] |
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Revision as of 01:30, 11 March 2007
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Ductal carcinoma is a very common type of breast cancer in women. It comes in two forms: infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), an invasive cell type; and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a noninvasive cancer.
DCIS
DCIS is the most common type of noninvasive breast cancer in women. Ductal carcinoma refers to the development of cancer cells within the milk ducts of the breast. In situ means "in place" and refers to the fact that the cancer has not moved out of the duct and into any surrounding tissue.
As screening mammography has become more widespread, DCIS has become one of the most commonly diagnosed breast conditions. It is often referred to as "stage zero breast cancer." In countries where screening mammography is uncommon, DCIS is sometimes diagnosed at a later stage, but in countries where screening mammography is widespread, it is usually diagnosed on a mammogram when it is so small that it has not formed a lump. DCIS is not painful or dangerous, and it does not metastasize unless it first develops into invasive cancer.
DCIS is usually discovered through a mammogram as very small specks of calcium known as microcalcifications. However, not all microcalcifications indicate the presence of DCIS, which must be confirmed by biopsy. DCIS may be multifocal, and treatment is aimed at excising all of the abnormal duct elements, leaving "clear margins", an area of much debate. After excision treatment often includes local radiation therapy. With appropriate treatment, DCIS is unlikely to develop into invasive cancer. Surgical excision with radiation lowers the risk that the DCIS will recur or that invasive breast cancer will develop.
Treatment Choices for DCIS
DCIS patients have three surgery choices. They are 1) lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy 2) mastectomy or 3) mastectomy with breast reconstruction surgery. Most women with DCIS can choose lumpectomy.
Lumpectomy is surgery that removes only the cancer and some normal tissue around it. Under most circumstances, mastectomy does not increase survival time for women with DCIS, and would only be considered under unusual circumstances, such as cases where the breast is very small or the area of DCIS is very large.
Tamoxifen or another hormonal therapy is recommended for some women with DCIS to help prevent breast cancer. Hormonal therapy further decreases the risk of recurrence of DCIS or the development of invasive breast cancer. However, they have potentially dangerous side effects, such as increased risk of endometrial cancer, severe circulatory problems, or stroke. In addition, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and a possibility of premature menopause are common for women who were not yet menopausal when they started treatment.
Unlike women with invasive breast cancer, women with DCIS do not undergo chemotherapy and they usually do not need to have their lymph nodes tested or removed. Experts are not sure whether all women with DCIS would eventually develop invasive breast cancer if they live for a long time and are not treated.
IDC, formed in the ducts of breast in the earliest stage, is the most common, most heterogeneous invasive breast cancer cell type. It accounts for 80% of all types of breast cancer. On a mammography, it is usually visualized as a mass with fine spikes radiating from the edges, and small microcalcification may be seen as well. On physical examination, this lump usually feels much harder or firmer than the one with benign breast lesions. On microscopic examination, the cancerous cells invade and replace the surrounding normal tissue inside the breast. Special histologic subtypes of IDC may vary in prognosis, survival, and recurrence rates: the ones with histology of mucinous, papillary, cribriform, and tubular carcinomas have a better prognosis, longer survival, and lower recurrence rates than those with histology like signet-ring cell carcinoma, carcinoma with sarcomatoid metaplasia, and inflammatory carcinoma.
Reference
- Original text on IDC from Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.