User:Uneirlys/Sandbox/Urban Regeneration

 In progress Urban Regeneration is the current term for the policy and practice within the United Kingdom of improving the social, economic and physical conditions in urban areas. In the United States a similar approach is refered to as Urban renewal.

There have been concerns about the problems of cities throughout history. Since the mid Nineteenth century there has been a continuous debate within the United Kingdom on diagnosing and proposing solutions to the effective management of change in urban areas. This has involved the development of key areas of public policy including

• the evolution of municipal housing
• the development of town and country planning
• social and welfare policy

There have been programmes of direct action by central and local government, philanthropic and private actions, a significant involvement of architects and designer in solutions and community action and involvement

A historical summary

There are contradictory pressures from growth of urban areas - and in particular how far it is planned - and the perceived problems of decay and decline in urban areas.

Within the United Kingdom the broad phases have been:

• mid-late 19th century The condition of the poor in which concerns about the conditions of the newly industrialising and fast growing towns were tackled by Parliamentary investigation, the regulation of building and philanthropic action, including the development of new idealised communities.
• early c20th #Garden Cities and Homes for Heroes: the early development of the town planning movement and the response to the housing shortages and financial crises following World War I
• 1925-39 Expansion and regional disparity: major suburbanisation and the regional decline of key industries
• 1945 - 1960 Slum clearance and Dispersal: with the New Towns programme complemented by large scale comprehensive redevelopment of parts of urban areas
• 1960 - 1979 Reaction and the inner city problem: concerns arose on the sweeping away of the network of old communities, the destruction of historic buildings and the emergence, or at least public recognition, of more complex social problems within inner city areas
• 1979 - 1987 Industrial decay and direct action: the response to the major recessions of the early 1980s focused on large scale direct development of dockland and industrial areas
• 1987 - 1997 Partnerships for all A wider social and economic approach to a larger number of problem areas
• 1997 - 2006 Neighbourhood Renewal a comprehensive approach to policy and implementation linking planning, architecture and social and economic policy

Defining the problem

Government investigations and reports

• Blue Books
• Barlow
• Beveridge

===Philanthropic and private thinkers

• Booth
• Ebenezer Howard

Policy responses

• Sanitary acts
• Philanthropic
• Development of Town Planning Planning Land use planning

Town and country planning in the United Kingdom

• Garden Cities
• 1909 Planning
• New towns in the United Kingdom
• Tudor Walters
• 1947 Planning Town and Country Planning Act 1947
• County of London Plan
• Social Housing and slum clearance
• New Towns
• Inner Urban Areas Act
• Partnerships
• Right to buy
• Affordable housing
• UDCs
• Action for Cities
• SRB
• National strategy for neighbourhood renewal
• Urban task force
• Sustainable Communities Sustainable Development

Projects and practice

• Port Sunlight
• Bournville
• Peabody
• Letchworth Garden City
• Welwyn Garden City
• Raymond Unwin
• key interwar
• New Towns#United Kingdom
• Manchester redevelopment
• London redevelopment
• Glasgow
• Coin Street
• UDCs
• Big SRBs
• Coalfields
• Millenium Villages