Treaty of Paris (1783): Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Treaty of Paris by Benjamin West 1783.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Painting by Benjamin West depicting (from left to right) [[John Jay]], [[John Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Henry Laurens]], and [[William Temple Franklin]]. The British commissioners refused to pose, so the painting was never finished.]] |
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The '''Treaty of Paris of 1783''', signed on [[September 3]] [[1783]], and ratified by the [[Congress of the Confederation]] on [[January 14]] [[1784]], formally ended the [[American Revolutionary War]] between the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain]] and the [[United States of America]] that had rebelled against their rule in 1776. |
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== Key Points of the Treaty== |
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*Recognizing the [[13 colonies]] as free and sovereign States [Article 1] <ref>Some online versions of the treaty omit [[Delaware]] from the list of former colonies, but the actual text lists it between [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Maryland]]. For example, see facsimile of a London newspaper announcing the treaty. [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/paris/1.jpg] [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/paris/] Delaware is also included in both the preliminary version of the treaty read in the Continental Congress on [[April 15]] [[1783]] [http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hlaw:1:./temp/~ammem_jEZ2::] and the one ratified by the Congress on [[January 14]], [[1784]] [http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc02617))]</ref>; |
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*Establishing the boundaries between the United States and [[British North America]] [Article 2]; (for an account of two strange anomalies resulting from this part of the Treaty, based on inaccuracies in the [[Mitchell Map]], see [[Northwest Angle]] and the [[Republic of Indian Stream]]) |
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*Granting fishing rights to United States fishermen in the [[Grand Banks]], off the coast of [[Newfoundland]] and in the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]] [Article 3]; |
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*Recognizing the lawful contracted debts to be paid to creditors on either side [Article 4]; |
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*United States Congress will "earnestly recommend" to state legislatures to recognize the rightful owners of all confiscated lands "provide for the restitution of all estates, rights, and properties, which have been confiscated belonging to real British subjects [Loyalists]". [never implemented, Article 5]; |
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*United States will prevent future confiscations of the property of [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]]s [Article 6]; |
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*[[Prisoner of war|Prisoners of war]] on both sides are to be released and all property left by British army in the United States unmolested (including "negroes") [Article 7]; |
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*Great Britain and the United States were each to be given perpetual access to the [[Mississippi River]] [Article 8]; |
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*Territories captured by Americans subsequent to treaty will be returned without compensation [Article 9]; |
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*Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months from the signing by the contracting parties [Article 10] |
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== |
== Headline text == |
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FRANK THE TANK RULES!!! |
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The treaty document was signed by [[David Hartley (the Younger)|David Hartley]] (a member of the [[British Parliament]] representing the [[British Monarch]], [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]]), [[John Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], and [[John Jay]] (representing the United States). |
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On [[September 3]], Britain also signed separate agreements with [[France]], [[Spain]], and the [[Netherlands]], which had been negotiated earlier. In the treaty with Spain, Britain recognized Spanish rule over several territories seized by the Spaniards during the war: The colonies of [[East Florida|East]] and [[West Florida]] were ceded to Spain (without any clearly defined northern boundary, resulting in [[disputed territory]] resolved with the [[Treaty of Madrid (1795)|Treaty of Madrid]]), and Spain also reclaimed the island of [[Minorca]], while the [[Bahama Islands]] and [[St. Kitts]] were returned to Britain. The treaty with France largely reinforced earlier treaties, guaranteeing fishing rights off [[Newfoundland]]. [[Sumatra]] was ceded by Britain to the Netherlands. |
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The American [[Continental Congress]] ratified the treaty on [[January 14]], [[1784]]. British ratification occurred on [[April 9]], [[1784]], and ratifications exchanged on [[May 12]], [[1784]]. Although Britain's ratification and the exchange were not within the six-month deadline specified by the treaty, this had no effect on the honoring of the treaty. The delay was partly caused by transportation difficulties. |
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---- |
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==British recognition of American independence== |
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In April 1782, the [[British parliament]] decided no longer to use military force as a means to regain control of the thirteen colonies, but did not recognize American independence. Shortly thereafter, the British government sent a [[diplomat]] to negotiate with the American ambassador in [[Paris]], calling the ambassador the representative of the North American "colonies". Formerly, they had not acknowledged that he represented Americans. The American ambassador refused to accept his credentials because they did not authorize him to negotiate with representatives of "the United States of America". Parliament very quickly revised the credentials, but not before a debate about whether that amounted to recognition of independence or merely recognition of the name by which the Americans wished to be called. No decision was made on that question. It is possible that some members of Parliament intended to recognize American independence when they voted for revision of the credentials, and the [[Lord Chancellor]] said he considered that act of Parliament to amount to such recognition. "Preliminary articles of peace" signed in November 1782 stated that the British recognized American independence, but they were not to be effective until they were included in a final peace treaty. |
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I LIKE PIE!!! :-) |
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==Notes== |
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<references/> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Treaty of Paris|Other treaties signed in Paris]] |
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*[[List of treaties]] |
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==External links== |
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{{wikisourcepar|Paris Peace Treaty}} |
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*[http://www.law.ou.edu/hist/paris.html Text of the Treaty of Paris] (without Delaware) |
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*[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/ar/14313.htm Treaty of Paris, 1783] U.S. Department of State |
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*[http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=6 Treaty of Paris, 1783; International Treaties and Related Records, 1778-1974; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives.] (with Delaware) |
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[[Category:American peace treaties|Paris, Treaty of (1783)]] |
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[[Category:British peace treaties|Paris, Treaty of (1783)]] |
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[[Category:1783 in law]] |
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[[Category:American Revolutionary War]] |
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[[Category:American Revolution]] |
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[[Category:1783 in Great Britain]] |
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[[Category:1783 in the United States]] |
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[[Category:1784 in the United States]] |
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[[ca:Tractat de París (1783)]] |
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[[de:Frieden von Paris (1783)]] |
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[[es:Tratado de Versalles (1783)]] |
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[[fr:Traité de Paris (1783)]] |
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[[it:Trattato di Parigi (1783)]] |
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[[he:חוזה פריז (1783)]] |
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[[nl:Vrede van Parijs (1783)]] |
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[[ja:パリ条約 (1783年)]] |
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[[no:Parisavtalen (1783)]] |
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[[pt:Tratado de Paris (1783)]] |
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[[ro:Tratatul de la Paris (1783)]] |
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[[sv:Parisavtalet]] |
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[[tr:Paris Antlaşması (1783)]] |
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[[zh:1783年巴黎條約]] |
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Revision as of 02:13, 19 March 2007
Headline text
FRANK THE TANK RULES!!!
I LIKE PIE!!! :-)