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'''Shorthand education'''<ref>Bill G Rainey, "What's New in Shorthand Education?" (1958) 34 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1958.10116133 69] (November 1958); (1959) 35 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1959.10116253 131] (December 1959); (1961) 36 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1961.10117146 164]; (1961) 37 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1961.10117855 98]. "Shorthand Education: First Steps" (1958) [https://books.google.com/books?id=6hMVAAAAIAAJ 39] The Balance Sheet 298 and 327 (March 1958).</ref> is education in [[shorthand]] or stenography. [[Stenography]] or shorthand has been [[Teaching|taught]] in stenography schools (or shorthand schools) and other institutions, including public schools.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1949/11/13/archives/russians-trained-in-stenography-thousands-of-students-get-lessons.html "Russians Trained in Stenography; Thousands of Students Get Lessons in Public Schools in Single State System"]. The New York Times. 13 November 1949. p 48.</ref><ref>141 The Westminster Review [https://books.google.com/books?id=JphS9_fEiJkC&pg=PA191 191]</ref>
'''Shorthand education'''<ref>Bill G Rainey, "What's New in Shorthand Education?" (1958) 34 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1958.10116133 69] (November 1958); (1959) 35 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1959.10116253 131] (December 1959); (1961) 36 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1961.10117146 164]; (1961) 37 Journal of Business Education [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08832323.1961.10117855 98]. "Shorthand Education: First Steps" (1958) [https://books.google.com/books?id=6hMVAAAAIAAJ 39] The Balance Sheet 298 and 327 (March 1958).</ref> is education in [[shorthand]] or stenography. [[Stenography]] or shorthand has been [[Teaching|taught]] in stenography schools (or shorthand schools) and other institutions, including public schools.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1949/11/13/archives/russians-trained-in-stenography-thousands-of-students-get-lessons.html "Russians Trained in Stenography; Thousands of Students Get Lessons in Public Schools in Single State System"]. The New York Times. November 13, 1949. p 48.</ref><ref>141 The Westminster Review [https://books.google.com/books?id=JphS9_fEiJkC&pg=PA191 191]</ref>


==History==
==History==
809 schools in the United States reported the system of shorthand they taught in 1916 and 1918. The proportion teaching the Gregg system was 54.8% in 1916 and 64.4% in 1918. The proportion teaching any Pitman system was 44% in 1918.<ref>H R Bonner, "Shorthand Systems Taught" (1920) 5 School Life, No 3, 1 August 1920, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qT4nAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA15-PA16 p 16]</ref>
809 schools in the United States reported the system of shorthand they taught in 1916 and 1918. The proportion teaching the Gregg system was 54.8% in 1916 and 64.4% in 1918. The proportion teaching any Pitman system was 44% in 1918.<ref>H R Bonner, "Shorthand Systems Taught" (1920) 5 School Life, No 3, August 1, 1920, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qT4nAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA15-PA16 p 16]</ref>


==Methods==
==Methods==
Line 24: Line 25:
===Stenotype schools and institutes===
===Stenotype schools and institutes===
These schools and institutes<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=IuxICVhar2YC Stenographic Machines, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission]. 51 FTC 794 at [https://books.google.com/books?id=-MISC6eB0xUC&pg=PA796 796] and passim. Statutes and Court Decisions 15 at [https://books.google.com/books?id=oRHtoxDCSzkC&pg=PA16 16] and passim. [https://books.google.com/books?id=R--RAAAAIAAJ The Federal Reporter]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S01sAAAAIAAJ Trade Cases].</ref> teach [[stenotypy]], the use of a stenotype. As of 1962, stenotype schools were generally not large.<ref>The Computer Tutoring of Stenotypy: A Preliminary Report, 1962, p 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=hcJGfG5GmREC]</ref> As of 1959, most large cities in the United States had one.<ref>All Hands, November 1959, [https://books.google.com/books?id=b3WGNAJH_AgC&pg=RA10-PA22 p 22]</ref> By 1915, they were meeting at a convention.<ref>(1915) [https://books.google.com/books?id=zD5FAQAAMAAJ 44] The Stenographer and the Photographic World xii</ref>
These schools and institutes<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=IuxICVhar2YC Stenographic Machines, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission]. 51 FTC 794 at [https://books.google.com/books?id=-MISC6eB0xUC&pg=PA796 796] and passim. Statutes and Court Decisions 15 at [https://books.google.com/books?id=oRHtoxDCSzkC&pg=PA16 16] and passim. [https://books.google.com/books?id=R--RAAAAIAAJ The Federal Reporter]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S01sAAAAIAAJ Trade Cases].</ref> teach [[stenotypy]], the use of a stenotype. As of 1962, stenotype schools were generally not large.<ref>The Computer Tutoring of Stenotypy: A Preliminary Report, 1962, p 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=hcJGfG5GmREC]</ref> As of 1959, most large cities in the United States had one.<ref>All Hands, November 1959, [https://books.google.com/books?id=b3WGNAJH_AgC&pg=RA10-PA22 p 22]</ref> By 1915, they were meeting at a convention.<ref>(1915) [https://books.google.com/books?id=zD5FAQAAMAAJ 44] The Stenographer and the Photographic World xii</ref>
*'''Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville'''. This school, also called the '''Stenotype Institute''', was an [[Acics]] [[School accreditation|accredited]] private [[stenotype|stenography]] school with two [[campuses]], one in [[Jacksonville, Florida]], and one in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>"Stenotype Institute: Orlando", The College Board College Handbook, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vc4RAQAAMAAJ 2009], p 1501. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LgtXAAAAYAAJ 58] Patterson's Schools Classified 40</ref> It was one of the 64 schools in North America certified by the [[National Court Reporters Association|NCRA]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ncraonline.org/EducCertification/Schools/Certified/ | title=Certified Schools | author=National Court Reporters Association | author-link=National Court Reporters Association | date=2007-01-18 | publisher=[[National Court Reporters Association]]}}</ref> The school was founded in Jacksonville in 1940 by Thyra D Ellis.<ref>"Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville". [https://books.google.com/books?id=7_dOAAAAYAAJ The Right Vo-tech School]. 1989. p 99</ref><ref>[https://m.yelp.com/biz/the-stenotype-institute-jacksonville The Stenotype Institute], Yelp</ref><ref>[http://www.ccr.edu/images/Guardian_News/TheGuardian1216.pdf The Guardian], College of Court Reporting</ref> The Jacksonville school was closed in March 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=News4Jax com |date=2019-02-08 |title=Former Stenotype Institute owner sentenced for student aid fraud |url=https://www.news4jax.com/news/2019/02/08/former-stenotype-institute-owner-sentenced-for-student-aid-fraud/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=WJXT |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/article/former-stenotype-institute-of-jacksonville-owner-could-face-5-years-in-prison|title=Former Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville owner could face 5 years in prison {{!}} Jax Daily Record|date=2018-11-16|website=Financial News & Daily Record - Jacksonville, Florida|language=en|access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref>
*'''Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville'''. This school, also called the '''Stenotype Institute''', was an [[Acics]] [[School accreditation|accredited]] private [[stenotype|stenography]] school with two [[campuses]], one in [[Jacksonville, Florida]], and one in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>"Stenotype Institute: Orlando", The College Board College Handbook, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vc4RAQAAMAAJ 2009], p 1501. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LgtXAAAAYAAJ 58] Patterson's Schools Classified 40</ref> It was one of the 64 schools in North America certified by the [[National Court Reporters Association|NCRA]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ncraonline.org/EducCertification/Schools/Certified/ | title=Certified Schools | author=National Court Reporters Association | author-link=National Court Reporters Association | date=January 18, 2007 | publisher=[[National Court Reporters Association]]}}</ref> The school was founded in Jacksonville in 1940 by Thyra D Ellis.<ref>"Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville". [https://books.google.com/books?id=7_dOAAAAYAAJ The Right Vo-tech School]. 1989. p 99</ref><ref>[https://m.yelp.com/biz/the-stenotype-institute-jacksonville The Stenotype Institute], Yelp</ref><ref>[http://www.ccr.edu/images/Guardian_News/TheGuardian1216.pdf The Guardian], College of Court Reporting</ref> The Jacksonville school was closed in March 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=News4Jax com |date=February 8, 2019 |title=Former Stenotype Institute owner sentenced for student aid fraud |url=https://www.news4jax.com/news/2019/02/08/former-stenotype-institute-owner-sentenced-for-student-aid-fraud/ |access-date=July 21, 2023 |website=WJXT |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/article/former-stenotype-institute-of-jacksonville-owner-could-face-5-years-in-prison|title=Former Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville owner could face 5 years in prison {{!}} Jax Daily Record|date=November 16, 2018|website=Financial News & Daily Record - Jacksonville, Florida|language=en|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref>
*Stenotype Institute of Sprinfield<ref>Profiles of America. Toucan Valley Publications. 1995. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7zIOAQAAMAAJ Volume 6: Indiana, Ohio]. p 34.</ref> Closed in 1995.<ref>[https://www2.ed.gov/offices/OSFAP/PEPS/docs/closedschoolsearch.xls Department of Education]</ref>
*Stenotype Institute of Sprinfield<ref>Profiles of America. Toucan Valley Publications. 1995. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7zIOAQAAMAAJ Volume 6: Indiana, Ohio]. p 34.</ref> Closed in 1995.<ref>[https://www2.ed.gov/offices/OSFAP/PEPS/docs/closedschoolsearch.xls Department of Education]</ref>
*Stenotype Institute of South Dakota.<ref>"Stenotype Institute of South Dakota". [https://books.google.com/books?id=7_dOAAAAYAAJ The Right Vo-tech School]. 1989. p 340</ref> Closed in 1996.<ref>1999-2000 Accredited Institutions of Post-Secondary Education: Programs: Candidates. p 539. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SHBIAQAAIAAJ Google]</ref>
*Stenotype Institute of South Dakota.<ref>"Stenotype Institute of South Dakota". [https://books.google.com/books?id=7_dOAAAAYAAJ The Right Vo-tech School]. 1989. p 340</ref> Closed in 1996.<ref>1999-2000 Accredited Institutions of Post-Secondary Education: Programs: Candidates. p 539. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SHBIAQAAIAAJ Google]</ref>
*Stenotype Institute of New York. Closed in 1986.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/15/nyregion/troubled-new-york-stenotype-school-closes.html "Troubled New York Stenotype School Closes"], The New York Times, 15 June 1986, p 37</ref>
*Stenotype Institute of New York. Closed in 1986.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/15/nyregion/troubled-new-york-stenotype-school-closes.html "Troubled New York Stenotype School Closes"], The New York Times, June 15, 1986, p 37</ref>
*'''Stenotype Institute of Washington'''.<ref>Doris Armfield, "By the Way . . .", The Sun, Newberry, South Carolina, 5 November 1948, p 1 [https://historicnewspapers.sc.edu/lccn/sn93067784/1948-11-05/ed-1/seq-1/ University of South Carolina]</ref><ref>"Speed Class at Stenotype Institute of Washington", The Balance Sheet, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ihMVAAAAIAAJ vols 37-38], p 213. See also [https://books.google.com/books?id=9xQVAAAAIAAJ vols 29-30] at p 363</ref> Created in 1935<ref>Frances Coombes Thomson (ed). "Stenotype Institute of Washington". The New York Times Guide to Continuing Education in America. 1972. p 183. [https://books.google.com/books?id=N87s-9CPB7kC]</ref> and incorporated in 1938.<ref>Hearings on . . . S 3259. 26 and 29 June 1962. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kb5FAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA257 p 257]</ref><ref>Junior Colleges and Specialized Schools and Colleges. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_E7226Sbw28C 3rd Ed]. Porter Sargent. 1959. p 316</ref> Still existed circa 1973.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=i81XAAAAYAAJ Law and the Computer], 1973, p 119</ref>
*'''Stenotype Institute of Washington'''.<ref>Doris Armfield, "By the Way . . .", The Sun, Newberry, South Carolina, November 5, 1948, p 1 [https://historicnewspapers.sc.edu/lccn/sn93067784/1948-11-05/ed-1/seq-1/ University of South Carolina]</ref><ref>"Speed Class at Stenotype Institute of Washington", The Balance Sheet, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ihMVAAAAIAAJ vols 37-38], p 213. See also [https://books.google.com/books?id=9xQVAAAAIAAJ vols 29-30] at p 363</ref> Created in 1935<ref>Frances Coombes Thomson (ed). "Stenotype Institute of Washington". The New York Times Guide to Continuing Education in America. 1972. p 183. [https://books.google.com/books?id=N87s-9CPB7kC]</ref> and incorporated in 1938.<ref>Hearings on . . . S 3259. June 26 and 29, 1962. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kb5FAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA257 p 257]</ref><ref>Junior Colleges and Specialized Schools and Colleges. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_E7226Sbw28C 3rd Ed]. Porter Sargent. 1959. p 316</ref> Still existed circa 1973.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=i81XAAAAYAAJ Law and the Computer], 1973, p 119</ref>


==Literature==
==Literature==

Latest revision as of 14:27, 4 February 2024

Shorthand education[1] is education in shorthand or stenography. Stenography or shorthand has been taught in stenography schools (or shorthand schools) and other institutions, including public schools.[2][3]

History

[edit]

809 schools in the United States reported the system of shorthand they taught in 1916 and 1918. The proportion teaching the Gregg system was 54.8% in 1916 and 64.4% in 1918. The proportion teaching any Pitman system was 44% in 1918.[4]

Methods

[edit]

A number of methods and procedures exist for teaching shorthand:[5]

  • An analytical method was devised by Frick for Gregg shorthand.[6] It has been described as "too difficult".[7]

Stenography schools

[edit]

There were Graeco-Roman stenography schools.[8] There were stenography schools in Boston in the 1870s and 1880s[9] and in Japan before the War.[10] In Paraguay, there were four stenography schools in 1947.[11]

United Kingdom

[edit]
  • The Cusack Institute, London[12]
  • The Metropolitan School[13]

Canada

[edit]
  • St Thomas Business College[14]
  • Central Business College[15]
  • Spencerian School of Shorthand, Montreal[16]

Stenotype schools and institutes

[edit]

These schools and institutes[17] teach stenotypy, the use of a stenotype. As of 1962, stenotype schools were generally not large.[18] As of 1959, most large cities in the United States had one.[19] By 1915, they were meeting at a convention.[20]

Literature

[edit]

There is a periodical called The American Shorthand Teacher. The periodical Dictation was "A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Shorthand Teachers".[39]

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ Bill G Rainey, "What's New in Shorthand Education?" (1958) 34 Journal of Business Education 69 (November 1958); (1959) 35 Journal of Business Education 131 (December 1959); (1961) 36 Journal of Business Education 164; (1961) 37 Journal of Business Education 98. "Shorthand Education: First Steps" (1958) 39 The Balance Sheet 298 and 327 (March 1958).
  2. ^ "Russians Trained in Stenography; Thousands of Students Get Lessons in Public Schools in Single State System". The New York Times. November 13, 1949. p 48.
  3. ^ 141 The Westminster Review 191
  4. ^ H R Bonner, "Shorthand Systems Taught" (1920) 5 School Life, No 3, August 1, 1920, p 16
  5. ^ Boynton and Brewington, "How Does the Principal Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Shorthand?" (1949) 33 NASSP Bulletin 127 at 131 (Bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, Chapter 19). Ann Brewington, "Classroom Techniques in Teaching Shorthand" in Price (ed), "Improved Methods of Teaching the Business Subjects", 1945, p 17. Wagner, Improvements in Secondary Business Education Since 1900, University of Colorado, 1949, pp 164 & 165 [1]. Sixth Yearbook of the National Commercial Teachers' Association, 1940, p 440; and Seventh Yearbook, p 314. Teaching Commerce in Junior and Senior High Schools of Texas, 1938, p 94 [2]. (1958) 39 Business Education World 25
  6. ^ Frick. Teaching Gregg Shorthand by the Analytical Method. 1931. Google
  7. ^ (1962) National Business Education Quarterly, vols 31-33, 24. See also Gunderson, An Analysis of the Trends in Methods of Teaching Gregg Shorthand in the United States, University of Southern California, 1962.
  8. ^ Carol Poster in Eriksson, Olbricht and Übelacker (eds). Rhetorical Argumentation in Biblical Texts, Trinity Press, 2002, p 121
  9. ^ Srole. A Position that God Has Not Particularly Assigned to Men. University of California. Los Angeles. 1984. pp 72 & 226, and see p 57 [3]
  10. ^ Buchholz, New Ideas from Dead CEOs, 2007, p 184 [4]
  11. ^ Pipin. Paraguay Looks Out at the World. University of Wisconsin--Madison. 1952. p 46. [5]
  12. ^ "Some Well-known Shorthand Schools: No 1" (1896) 3 The Shorthand Writer 29
  13. ^ "Some Well-known Shorthand Schools: No 2" (1897) 3 The Shorthand Writer 36
  14. ^ "The Shorthand Schools of Canada: No 1" (1894) 1 The Canadian Shorthand Review 35
  15. ^ "The Shorthand Schools of Canada: No 2" (1894) 1 The Canadian Shorthand Review 75
  16. ^ "The Shorthand Schools of Canada: No 3" (1894) 1 The Canadian Shorthand Review 104
  17. ^ Stenographic Machines, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission. 51 FTC 794 at 796 and passim. Statutes and Court Decisions 15 at 16 and passim. The Federal Reporter. Trade Cases.
  18. ^ The Computer Tutoring of Stenotypy: A Preliminary Report, 1962, p 3 [6]
  19. ^ All Hands, November 1959, p 22
  20. ^ (1915) 44 The Stenographer and the Photographic World xii
  21. ^ "Stenotype Institute: Orlando", The College Board College Handbook, 2009, p 1501. 58 Patterson's Schools Classified 40
  22. ^ National Court Reporters Association (January 18, 2007). "Certified Schools". National Court Reporters Association.
  23. ^ "Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville". The Right Vo-tech School. 1989. p 99
  24. ^ The Stenotype Institute, Yelp
  25. ^ The Guardian, College of Court Reporting
  26. ^ Staff, News4Jax com (February 8, 2019). "Former Stenotype Institute owner sentenced for student aid fraud". WJXT. Retrieved July 21, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "Former Stenotype Institute of Jacksonville owner could face 5 years in prison | Jax Daily Record". Financial News & Daily Record - Jacksonville, Florida. November 16, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  28. ^ Profiles of America. Toucan Valley Publications. 1995. Volume 6: Indiana, Ohio. p 34.
  29. ^ Department of Education
  30. ^ "Stenotype Institute of South Dakota". The Right Vo-tech School. 1989. p 340
  31. ^ 1999-2000 Accredited Institutions of Post-Secondary Education: Programs: Candidates. p 539. Google
  32. ^ "Troubled New York Stenotype School Closes", The New York Times, June 15, 1986, p 37
  33. ^ Doris Armfield, "By the Way . . .", The Sun, Newberry, South Carolina, November 5, 1948, p 1 University of South Carolina
  34. ^ "Speed Class at Stenotype Institute of Washington", The Balance Sheet, vols 37-38, p 213. See also vols 29-30 at p 363
  35. ^ Frances Coombes Thomson (ed). "Stenotype Institute of Washington". The New York Times Guide to Continuing Education in America. 1972. p 183. [7]
  36. ^ Hearings on . . . S 3259. June 26 and 29, 1962. p 257
  37. ^ Junior Colleges and Specialized Schools and Colleges. 3rd Ed. Porter Sargent. 1959. p 316
  38. ^ Law and the Computer, 1973, p 119
  39. ^ May 1897
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