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{{Short description|Historic state in Horn of Africa}}
{{Short description|Historic state in Horn of Africa}}
'''Biqulzar''' also spelled as '''Baqulzar''' or '''Bequl zar''' was a historical region located in eastern [[Ethiopia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cerulli |first1=Enrico |title=Il Sultanato Dello Scioa Nel Secolo Xiii Secondo Un Nuovo Documento Storico |journal=Rassegna di Studi Etiopici |year=1941 |volume=1 |issue=1 |publisher=Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino |page=39 |jstor=41460159 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41460159}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gelgelo |first1=Surafel |title=HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN |publisher=Ministry of Science and Higher education |page=49 |url=http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/89124/1/HISTORY%20Module%20(Revised).pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Feto |first1=Jemal |title=A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE ISLAMIZATION OF ARSI OROMO: WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON GADAB AREA, 1935-2000 |publisher=Haramaya University |page=11 |url=http://ir.haramaya.edu.et/hru/bitstream/handle/123456789/907/JEMAL%20KEDIR.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> According to [[Taddesse Tamrat]], the state was positioned east of the [[Awash River]] however historian Hussein Ahmed, proposes it was a general term for districts east of [[Amhara region]] in the fourteenth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tamrat |first1=Taddesse |title=Review: The Chronicle of 'Amde-Siyon |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=513 |jstor=180118 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180118}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Hussein |title=Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia Revival, Reform and Reaction |date=October 2021 |publisher=Brill |page=6 |isbn=9789004492288 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zM1GEAAAQBAJ&dq=bequlzar&pg=PA6}}</ref>
'''Biqulzar''' also spelled as '''Baqulzar''' or '''Bequl zar''' was a historical region located in eastern [[Ethiopia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cerulli |first1=Enrico |title=Il Sultanato Dello Scioa Nel Secolo Xiii Secondo Un Nuovo Documento Storico |journal=Rassegna di Studi Etiopici |year=1941 |volume=1 |issue=1 |publisher=Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino |page=39 |jstor=41460159 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41460159}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gelgelo |first1=Surafel |title=HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN |publisher=Ministry of Science and Higher education |page=49 |url=http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/89124/1/HISTORY%20Module%20(Revised).pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Feto |first1=Jemal |title=A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE ISLAMIZATION OF ARSI OROMO: WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON GADAB AREA, 1935-2000 |publisher=Haramaya University |page=11 |url=http://ir.haramaya.edu.et/hru/bitstream/handle/123456789/907/JEMAL%20KEDIR.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> According to [[Taddesse Tamrat]], the state was positioned east of the [[Awash River]] however historian Hussein Ahmed, proposes it was a general term for districts east of [[Amhara region]] in the fourteenth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tamrat |first1=Taddesse |title=Review: The Chronicle of 'Amde-Siyon |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=513 |jstor=180118 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180118}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Hussein |title=Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia Revival, Reform and Reaction |date=October 2021 |publisher=Brill |page=6 |isbn=9789004492288 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zM1GEAAAQBAJ&dq=bequlzar&pg=PA6}}</ref> British historian [[George Wynn Brereton Huntingford|George Huntingford]] quoting sixteenth century writer [[Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān|Arab Faqīh]] places Biqulzar near [[Germama River]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Huntingford · |first1=George |title=The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704 |publisher=British Academy |page=89 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Historical_Geography_of_Ethiopia/kpIiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=The%20Historical%20Geography%20of%20Ethiopia:%20From%20the%20First%20Century%20AD%20to%201704}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==

Revision as of 18:19, 16 July 2024

Biqulzar also spelled as Baqulzar or Bequl zar was a historical region located in eastern Ethiopia.[1][2][3] According to Taddesse Tamrat, the state was positioned east of the Awash River however historian Hussein Ahmed, proposes it was a general term for districts east of Amhara region in the fourteenth century.[4][5] British historian George Huntingford quoting sixteenth century writer Arab Faqīh places Biqulzar near Germama River.[6]

Etymology

Biqulzar originates from the Harari language meaning “verdure along a stream.”[7]

History

According to fourteenth century Arab historian Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari, Biqulzar was one of Ifat's ancient metropolises or regions alongside Kwelgora, Hubat, Gidaya, Hargaya and Fedis.[8][9][10][11][12][13]

In the fourteenth century, Ethiopian emperor Amda Seyon fought the Wargar or Warjih people in Biqulzar.[14][15][16] According to Salvatore Tsdeschi, in 1332 Amda Seyon had summoned his vassal ruler of Ifat, Jamal ad-Din I in Biqulzar however Manfred Kropp believes Amda Seyon met with a distinct ruler of Biqulzar.[17][18]

References

  1. ^ Cerulli, Enrico (1941). "Il Sultanato Dello Scioa Nel Secolo Xiii Secondo Un Nuovo Documento Storico". Rassegna di Studi Etiopici. 1 (1). Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino: 39. JSTOR 41460159.
  2. ^ Gelgelo, Surafel. HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN (PDF). Ministry of Science and Higher education. p. 49.
  3. ^ Feto, Jemal. A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE ISLAMIZATION OF ARSI OROMO: WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON GADAB AREA, 1935-2000 (PDF). Haramaya University. p. 11.
  4. ^ Tamrat, Taddesse. Review: The Chronicle of 'Amde-Siyon. Cambridge University Press. p. 513. JSTOR 180118.
  5. ^ Ahmed, Hussein (October 2021). Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia Revival, Reform and Reaction. Brill. p. 6. ISBN 9789004492288.
  6. ^ Huntingford ·, George. The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704. British Academy. p. 89.
  7. ^ Gidaya. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  8. ^ TUFFA, TSEGAYE. THE DYNAMICS OF TULAMA OROMO IN THE HISTORY OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE, CA. 1700-1880S (PDF). University of Toronto. p. 43.
  9. ^ Braukamper, Ulrich (1977). "Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part 1)". Ethiopianist Notes. 1 (1). Michigan State University Press: 23. JSTOR 42731359.
  10. ^ Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Taylor & Francis. p. 75. ISBN 9781136970221.
  11. ^ Fauvelle, François-Xavier. The Sultanate of Awfāt, its capital and the necropolis of the Walasmaʿ. Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
  12. ^ Hirsch, Bertrand. The account of the wars of King ʿAmda Ṣeyon against the Islamic sultanates, epic fiction of the fifteenth century. Presses universitaires de Vincennes.
  13. ^ Kwelgora. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  14. ^ Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 9781136970221.
  15. ^ Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and state (PDF). University of London. p. 156.
  16. ^ Pankhurst, Richard (1997). Ethiopian borderlands. Red Sea Press. p. 41. ISBN 9780932415196.
  17. ^ TEDESCHI, SALVATORE (1978). "LE GESTA DI 'AMDA-ṢEYON NELLA CRONOLOGIA E NELLA STORIA". Rassegna di Studi Etiopici. 27. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino: 144. JSTOR 41299651.
  18. ^ Jamal Ad-din Mansur. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
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