History of Anatolia: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==='''"Ancient Records"''' prove that '''[[Armenians]]''' are '''"Native"''' in the [[Armenian Highland]]:=== |
|||
The '''History of [[Anatolia]]''' covers the civilizations, and states established in and around the '''Anatolia''', a [[peninsula]] of [[Southwest Asia|Western Asia]]. It is also often called by the [[Latin]] name of '''Asia Minor'''. |
|||
[[Image:EterArian.jpg|thumb|Eternal Arian Sun|140px|center]] |
|||
{{Expand|date=January 2007}} |
|||
[[Image:EteArian.jpg|thumb|Arian symbols in Armenia 3000 BCE|140px|center]] |
|||
{{cquote|[[Thutmose_III]] of [[Egypt]] ('''[[1500 BCE]]''') mentions the people of "'''Ermenen'''" paying tribute when he held his court at Ninevah, and says that in their land "'''heaven rests upon its four pillars.'''" <ref>Eric H. Cline and David O'Connor "Thutmose III", University of Michigan, 2006</ref> (note: Thutmose III was the first Pharaoh to cross the Euphrates to reach the [[Armenian Highland]])}} |
|||
==Neolithic== |
|||
Because of its strategic location at the intersection of Asia and [[Europe]], Anatolia has been a cradle for several [[civilization]]s since [[prehistoric]] ages, with [[Neolithic]] settlements such as [[Çatalhöyük]] (Pottery Neolithic), [[Çayönü]] ([[Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]] to pottery Neolithic), [[Nevali Cori]] ([[Pre-Pottery Neolithic B]]), [[Hacilar]] (Pottery Neolithic), [[Göbekli Tepe]] ([[Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]]) and [[Mersin]]. The settlement of [[Troy]] starts in the Neolithic and continues forward into the Iron Age. |
|||
(note: '''[[Turks]]''' refer to [[Armenians]] by this form '''Ermeni''') |
|||
==Bronze Age== |
|||
[[Troy]], [[Hittite Empire]], [[Hayasa-Azzi]], [[Colchians]], [[Hattians]], [[Kaskas]] |
|||
{{cquote|[[Old Persian]] name '''Armin''' <ref> http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm</ref> means dweller of the [[Garden of Eden]] (Persians used this form '''Armin'''a for [[Armenia]])}} |
|||
Through recorded history, Anatolians have spoken both [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and [[Semitic languages]], as well as many languages of uncertain affiliation. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European [[Hittite language|Hittite]] and [[Luwian]] languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages have radiated. Other authors have proposed an Anatolian origin for the [[Etruscans]] of ancient [[Italy]]. |
|||
==Iron Age== |
|||
[[Neo-Hittite]], [[Urartu]], [[Achaemenid dynasty]], |
|||
Peoples who have settled in or conquered Anatolia during the Iron Age include the [[Phrygia]]ns, [[Lydia]]ns, [[Mushki]], [[Cimmerian]]s, [[Armenians]], [[Persians]], [[Tabal]]s, [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]], [[Lycian]]s, [[Ionians]], [[Cappadocian]]s, [[Assyrian]]s, [[Carian]]s, the so-called [[Sea Peoples]], [[Phoenicians]], [[Jew]]s, [[Roman Empire|Romans]] |
|||
==Hellenism== |
|||
*[[Hellenistic civilization]] |
|||
*[[Seleucid Empire]] |
|||
*[[Roman Asia]] |
|||
*[[Roman Greece]] |
|||
*[[Galatia]] |
|||
*[[Kingdom of Armenia|Armenian Kingdom]] |
|||
==Middle Ages== |
|||
[[Byzantine Empire]], [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]], [[Sassanid Empire]], [[Byzantine-Arab Wars]], [[Seljuk Turks]], [[Anatolian beyliks]], [[Mongols]], [[Ilkhanate]] |
|||
==Ottoman Empire== |
|||
The conquest of Anatolia by [[Turkic peoples]] and the rise of the [[Seljuk Empire]] began in the [[11th century]]. However, it was gradual. The complete [[Ottoman Empire]] conquest of Anatolia was finalized with the [[1453]] conquest of [[Constantinople]]/today: [[Istanbul]]. |
|||
Anatolia remained multi-ethnic until the early [[20th century]] (see [[Rise of Nationalism under the Ottoman Empire]]). Its inhabitants belonged to many ethnicities such as [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] ([[Turkmen people|Turkmen]]s), [[Armenians]], [[Kurds]], [[Greeks]], and [[Italians]] (particularly from [[Genoa]] and [[Venice]]). |
|||
It was also multi-religious with its inhabitants espousing many religious beliefs such as [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. In particular, many Jews emigrated from [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]], after the expulsion of Jews and Muslims during the [[1492]] Christian [[Reconquista]] of Spain. [http://www.jewishgates.com/file.asp?File_ID=63] [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_3.shtml] [http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?frm=4205&sec_id=4205] |
|||
"With the disappearance of the Armenians, most of eastern Anatolia became almost exclusively Kurdish territory".<ref>Martin van Bruinessen, Agha, Shaikh and State: The Socialvand Political Structures of Kurdistan. Zed Books, Ltd., London and New Jersey, 1992, p. 277.</ref> |
|||
==Modern Turkey== |
|||
{{Main|History of the Republic of Turkey}} |
|||
A [[population exchange]], as result of the [[Treaty of Lausanne]], between Turkey and Greece eliminated most Turks in what is now Greece and most Greeks in what is now Turkey. A significant [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] ethnic and linguistic minority exists in the south eastern regions, while [[Laz people]] and [[Georgians]] have a significant presence in the northeast. |
|||
==Timeline== |
|||
{{History_of_Anatolia}} |
|||
==See also== |
|||
*[[Timeline of Middle Eastern History]] |
|||
[[Category:History of Anatolia| ]] |
|||
[[Category:Ancient Greek sites in Turkey]] |
|||
[[Category:Hellenistic colonies]] |
|||
Revision as of 16:52, 25 April 2007
"Ancient Records" prove that Armenians are "Native" in the Armenian Highland:
Thutmose_III of Egypt (1500 BCE) mentions the people of "Ermenen" paying tribute when he held his court at Ninevah, and says that in their land "heaven rests upon its four pillars." [1] (note: Thutmose III was the first Pharaoh to cross the Euphrates to reach the Armenian Highland)
(note: Turks refer to Armenians by this form Ermeni)
Old Persian name Armin [2] means dweller of the Garden of Eden (Persians used this form Armina for Armenia)
- ^ Eric H. Cline and David O'Connor "Thutmose III", University of Michigan, 2006
- ^ http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm