Libby, Montana: Difference between revisions
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==Environment== |
==Environment== |
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Nestled in the [[Cabinet Mountains]], Libby is surrounded by coniferous forests and mountain views. Libby's economy has largely been supported by the use of natural resources, such as logging and mining. [[Vermiculite]], found in the area in 1881, the ore had been mined in the area since 1919.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/libby/background.html Site Background] - Region 8 - Libby Asbestos - [[EPA]]</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2007/libbymontana/about.html ''"About the Film"''] - ''[[Libby, Montana (film)|Libby, Montana]]'' - at [[PBS]]</ref> In 1919, E.N. Alley bought the Rainy Creek claims and started the Zonolite Company.Zonolite is a branded trademark product made from vermiculite.<ref>[http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/uncivilaction/ ''"A town left to die"''] - [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] - Nov. 18, 1999-Jan. 27, 2007</ref> [[W. R. Grace and Company]] bought the Zonolite mine in 1963 |
Nestled in the [[Cabinet Mountains]], Libby is surrounded by coniferous forests and mountain views. Libby's economy has largely been supported by the use of natural resources, such as logging and mining. [[Vermiculite]], found in the area in 1881, the ore had been mined in the area since 1919.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/libby/background.html Site Background] - Region 8 - Libby Asbestos - [[EPA]]</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2007/libbymontana/about.html ''"About the Film"''] - ''[[Libby, Montana (film)|Libby, Montana]]'' - at [[PBS]]</ref> In 1919, E.N. Alley bought the Rainy Creek claims and started the Zonolite Company. Zonolite is a branded trademark product made from vermiculite.<ref>[http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/uncivilaction/ ''"A town left to die"''] - [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] - Nov. 18, 1999-Jan. 27, 2007</ref> [[W. R. Grace and Company]] bought the Zonolite mine in 1963 , prior to this logging was the leading employer in Libby. After W. R. Grace & Company closed the Zonolite mine in 1990, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] and Montana Department of Health and Environment sampled local soil and air and found no [[asbestos]] contamination.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/libby/igexsum.html ''"Executive Summary"''] - [[EPA]]</ref> Further examination with improved equipment found that the samples had traces of fibrous [[tremolite]], which is suspected in asbestos related ailments affecting area residents.<ref>Zalac, Frédéric. [http://www.cbc.ca/national/news/deadly_dust/ ''"Deadly Dust"''] - [[CBC News]] - February 7, 2003 | Updated March 2005</ref><ref>Zalac, Frédéric. [http://www.cbc.ca/national/news/deadly_dust/deadlydust2.html ''"Deadly Dust 2"''] - [[CBC News]] - September 28, 2004</ref> The EPA has spent [[USD|$]]120 million in [[Superfund]] money on cleanup.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/oig/reports/2001/montana.pdf EPA's Actions Concerning Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite in Libby, Montana, 2001-S-7, March 31, 2001] - [[EPA]] - 04-14-2003 - ([[Adobe Acrobat]] *.PDF document)</ref><ref>[http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/libby/ Region 8 - Libby Asbestos] - [[EPA]]</ref><ref>[http://www.scotusblog.com/movabletype/archives/W.R.GracePetition%28Apr.27%2C2006%29.pdf W.R. Grace Petition] - April 27, 2006 - ([[Adobe Acrobat]] *.PDF document)</ref> |
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A documentary film by the name ''Libby, Montana'' was made regarding the asbestos exposure. The movies "The River Wild" and "Always" were filmed there. |
A documentary film by the name ''Libby, Montana'' was made regarding the asbestos exposure. The movies "The River Wild" and "Always" were filmed there. |
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Revision as of 21:55, 28 September 2007
Libby is a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,626 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lincoln CountyTemplate:GR.
Geography
Libby is located at 48°23′17″N 115°33′13″W / 48.38806°N 115.55361°WInvalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (48.388128, -115.553707)Template:GR. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 km² (1.3 mi²), all land.
Demographics
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 2,626 people, 1,132 households, and 669 families residing in the city. The population density was 798.3/km² (2,061.9/mi²). There were 1,264 housing units at an average density of 384.3/km² (992.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.51% White, 0.15% African American, 1.26% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.53% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.22% of the population.
There were 1,132 households out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,276, and the median income for a family was $29,615. Males had a median income of $30,174 versus $19,675 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,090. About 10.0% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 12.5% of those age 65 or over.
Environment
Nestled in the Cabinet Mountains, Libby is surrounded by coniferous forests and mountain views. Libby's economy has largely been supported by the use of natural resources, such as logging and mining. Vermiculite, found in the area in 1881, the ore had been mined in the area since 1919.[1][2] In 1919, E.N. Alley bought the Rainy Creek claims and started the Zonolite Company. Zonolite is a branded trademark product made from vermiculite.[3] W. R. Grace and Company bought the Zonolite mine in 1963 , prior to this logging was the leading employer in Libby. After W. R. Grace & Company closed the Zonolite mine in 1990, the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Montana Department of Health and Environment sampled local soil and air and found no asbestos contamination.[4] Further examination with improved equipment found that the samples had traces of fibrous tremolite, which is suspected in asbestos related ailments affecting area residents.[5][6] The EPA has spent $120 million in Superfund money on cleanup.[7][8][9]
A documentary film by the name Libby, Montana was made regarding the asbestos exposure. The movies "The River Wild" and "Always" were filmed there. Libby is a hard-working, blue-collar community that has been devastated by this misfortune and they are slowly trying to rebuild.
Transportation
References
- ^ Site Background - Region 8 - Libby Asbestos - EPA
- ^ "About the Film" - Libby, Montana - at PBS
- ^ "A town left to die" - Seattle Post-Intelligencer - Nov. 18, 1999-Jan. 27, 2007
- ^ "Executive Summary" - EPA
- ^ Zalac, Frédéric. "Deadly Dust" - CBC News - February 7, 2003 | Updated March 2005
- ^ Zalac, Frédéric. "Deadly Dust 2" - CBC News - September 28, 2004
- ^ EPA's Actions Concerning Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite in Libby, Montana, 2001-S-7, March 31, 2001 - EPA - 04-14-2003 - (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
- ^ Region 8 - Libby Asbestos - EPA
- ^ W.R. Grace Petition - April 27, 2006 - (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)