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'''Wolfgang Justin Mommsen''' ([[November 5]], [[1930]]-[[August 11]], [[2004]]) was a [[left-wing]] German historian and the twin brother of [[Hans Mommsen]].
'''Wolfgang Justin Mommsen''' ([[November 5]], [[1930]]-[[August 11]], [[2004]]) was a [[left-wing]] German historian and the twin brother of [[Hans Mommsen]].
<span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">==Biography== He was born in [[Marburg]], the son of the historian Wilhelm Mommsen.</span> Biografía == == Él nació en [[Marburgo]], el hijo del historiador Wilhelm Mommsen.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">He was educated at the [[University of Marburg]], [[University of Cologne]] and [[University of Leeds]] between 1951–1959.</span> Fue educado en la [[Universidad de Marburgo]], [[Universidad de Colonia]] y [[Universidad de Leeds]] entre 1951-1959.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">He served as professor at the [[University of Cologne]] (1959-1967), [[Heinrich Heine University|University of Düsseldorf]] (1967-1978) and finally as director of the [[German Historical Institute]] in [[London]] between 1978–1985.</span> Se desempeñó como profesor de la [[Universidad de Colonia]] (1959-1967), [[Universidad Heinrich Heine | Universidad de Düsseldorf]] (1967-1978) y finalmente como director de la [[Instituto Histórico Alemán]] en [ [Londres]] entre 1978-1985.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">In 1965, he abandoned his first wife to marry one of his graduate students, Sabine von Schalburg, with whom he had four children. Mommsen first rose to fame through a biography of [[Max Weber]] in 1959.</span> En 1965, abandonó su primera esposa para casarse con uno de sus estudiantes de posgrado, Sabine von Schalburg, con quien tuvo cuatro hijos. Mommsen primero saltó a la fama a través de una biografía de [[Max Weber]] en 1959.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">His main areas of expertise were in 19th century-20th century [[History of the United Kingdom|British]] and [[history of Germany|German history]].</span> Sus principales áreas de especialización en siglo 19-siglo 20 [[Historia del Reino Unido | británico]] y [[la historia de Alemania | historia alemana]]. Pero si febo no mema, al menos yema.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">His interests were wide-ranging and he wrote about [[diplomatic history|diplomatic]], [[social history|social]], [[intellectual history|intellectual]], and [[economic history]].</span> Sus intereses son amplios y escribió acerca de [[la historia diplomática | diplomática]], [[la historia social | social]], [[la historia intelectual | intelectual]] y [[la historia económica]].</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Mommsen championed a ''[[Sonderweg]]'' ("special path") interpretation of German history.</span> Mommsen defendió un''[[Sonderweg]]''( "vía especial") la interpretación de la historia alemana.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Echoing the views of [[Hans-Ulrich Wehler]] and [[Fritz Fischer]], he argued that 19th century [[Germany]] was only partially modernized.</span> Haciéndose eco de las opiniones de [[Hans-Ulrich Wehler]] y [[Fritz Fischer]], sostuvo que del siglo 19 [[Alemania]], fue sólo parcialmente modernizado.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Economic modernization was not accompanied by political modernization.</span> La modernización económica no fue acompañada por la modernización política.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Much of Mommsen's comparative studies of British and German history concern why, in his view, the British had both a political and economic modernization while the Germans had only the latter.</span> Gran parte de la Mommsen estudios comparativos de británicos y alemanes historia preocupación por qué, en su opinión, los británicos tenían una política y modernización económica, mientras que los alemanes sólo este último.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">An [[Anglophile]], Mommsen very much enjoyed teaching and living in the [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. In Mommsen's view, the foreign policy of the [[German Empire|Second Reich]] was driven by domestic concerns as the German elite sought distractions abroad to hold off demands for [[democracy]] at home.</span> Un [[Anglophile]], Mommsen disfrutado mucho la enseñanza y que viven en el [[Reino Unido | Gran Bretaña]]. Mommsen En su opinión, la política exterior de la [[Imperio alemán | Segundo Reich]] fue impulsado por las preocupaciones internas como el Elite alemana trató distracciones en el extranjero para mantener fuera de las demandas de [[la democracia]] en casa.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">This argument places Mommsen in the ''Primat der Innenpolitik'' (primacy of domestic politics) school against the traditional ''Primat der Aussenpolitik'' (primacy of foreign politics) school as an explanation for foreign policy.</span> Este argumento lugares Mommsen en el''Primat der Innenpolitik''(primacía de la política interna) en contra de la escuela tradicional''Primat der Aussenpolitik''(primacía de la política exterior) la escuela como una explicación de la política exterior.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">For Mommsen, the major responsibility for the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] rests on Germany's shoulders.</span> Para Mommsen, la principal responsabilidad para el estallido de la [[Primera Guerra Mundial | Primera Guerra Mundial]] descansa sobre los hombros de Alemania.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Furthermore, the [[German Revolution|November Revolution]] of 1918 did not go far enough and allowed the pre-1918 elite to continue to dominate German life, thus leading inevitably to the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]].</span> Además, la [[Revolución alemán | Noviembre Revolución]] de 1918 no va lo suficientemente lejos y permitió a los pre-1918 a la elite siguen dominando la vida alemán, lo que conduce inevitablemente a la [[Alemania nazi | Tercer Reich]].</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Mommsen has written books condemning [[appeasement]]. In the [[Historikerstreit]] (historians' dispute), Mommsen took the position that the [[Holocaust]] was a uniquely evil event that should not be compared to [[Stalinist]] terror in the [[Soviet Union]].</span> Mommsen ha escrito libros de condena [[apaciguamiento.]] En el [[Historikerstreit]] (los historiadores del litigio), Mommsen ocupa la posición de que la [[Holocausto]], fue un único caso de que el mal no debe ser comparada con [[estalinistas] ] Terror en la [[Unión Soviética]].</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">In 1998, several younger German historians criticized Mommsen for not denouncing the Nazi past of his mentors while a university student in the 1950s.</span> En 1998, varios jóvenes historiadores alemán Mommsen criticado por no denunciar el pasado nazi de sus mentores, mientras que un estudiante universitario en la década de 1950.</span>
==Biography==
He was born in [[Marburg]], the son of the historian Wilhelm Mommsen. He was educated at the [[University of Marburg]], [[University of Cologne]] and [[University of Leeds]] between 1951–1959. He served as professor at the [[University of Cologne]] (1959-1967), [[Heinrich Heine University|University of Düsseldorf]] (1967-1978) and finally as director of the [[German Historical Institute]] in [[London]] between 1978–1985. In 1965, he abandoned his first wife to marry one of his graduate students, Sabine von Schalburg, with whom he had four children.

Mommsen first rose to fame through a biography of [[Max Weber]] in 1959. His main areas of expertise were in 19th century-20th century [[History of the United Kingdom|British]] and [[history of Germany|German history]]. His interests were wide-ranging and he wrote about [[diplomatic history|diplomatic]], [[social history|social]], [[intellectual history|intellectual]], and [[economic history]]. Mommsen championed a ''[[Sonderweg]]'' ("special path") interpretation of German history. Echoing the views of [[Hans-Ulrich Wehler]] and [[Fritz Fischer]], he argued that 19th century [[Germany]] was only partially modernized. Economic modernization was not accompanied by political modernization. Much of Mommsen's comparative studies of British and German history concern why, in his view, the British had both a political and economic modernization while the Germans had only the latter. An [[Anglophile]], Mommsen very much enjoyed teaching and living in the [[United Kingdom|Britain]].

In Mommsen's view, the foreign policy of the [[German Empire|Second Reich]] was driven by domestic concerns as the German elite sought distractions abroad to hold off demands for [[democracy]] at home. This argument places Mommsen in the ''Primat der Innenpolitik'' (primacy of domestic politics) school against the traditional ''Primat der Aussenpolitik'' (primacy of foreign politics) school as an explanation for foreign policy. For Mommsen, the major responsibility for the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] rests on Germany's shoulders. Furthermore, the [[German Revolution|November Revolution]] of 1918 did not go far enough and allowed the pre-1918 elite to continue to dominate German life, thus leading inevitably to the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. Mommsen has written books condemning [[appeasement]].

In the [[Historikerstreit]] (historians' dispute), Mommsen took the position that the [[Holocaust]] was a uniquely evil event that should not be compared to [[Stalinist]] terror in the [[Soviet Union]]. In 1998, several younger German historians criticized Mommsen for not denouncing the Nazi past of his mentors while a university student in the 1950s.


==Work==
==Work==

Revision as of 05:26, 7 October 2008

Wolfgang Justin Mommsen (November 5, 1930-August 11, 2004) was a left-wing German historian and the twin brother of Hans Mommsen.

==Biography== He was born in Marburg, the son of the historian Wilhelm Mommsen. Biografía == == Él nació en Marburgo, el hijo del historiador Wilhelm Mommsen. He was educated at the University of Marburg, University of Cologne and University of Leeds between 1951–1959. Fue educado en la Universidad de Marburgo, Universidad de Colonia y Universidad de Leeds entre 1951-1959. He served as professor at the University of Cologne (1959-1967), University of Düsseldorf (1967-1978) and finally as director of the German Historical Institute in London between 1978–1985. Se desempeñó como profesor de la Universidad de Colonia (1959-1967),  Universidad de Düsseldorf (1967-1978) y finalmente como director de la Instituto Histórico Alemán en [ [Londres]] entre 1978-1985. In 1965, he abandoned his first wife to marry one of his graduate students, Sabine von Schalburg, with whom he had four children. Mommsen first rose to fame through a biography of Max Weber in 1959. En 1965, abandonó su primera esposa para casarse con uno de sus estudiantes de posgrado, Sabine von Schalburg, con quien tuvo cuatro hijos. Mommsen primero saltó a la fama a través de una biografía de Max Weber en 1959. His main areas of expertise were in 19th century-20th century British and German history. Sus principales áreas de especialización en siglo 19-siglo 20  británico y  historia alemana. Pero si febo no mema, al menos yema. His interests were wide-ranging and he wrote about diplomatic, social, intellectual, and economic history. Sus intereses son amplios y escribió acerca de  diplomática,  social,  intelectual y la historia económica. Mommsen championed a Sonderweg ("special path") interpretation of German history. Mommsen defendió unSonderweg( "vía especial") la interpretación de la historia alemana. Echoing the views of Hans-Ulrich Wehler and Fritz Fischer, he argued that 19th century Germany was only partially modernized. Haciéndose eco de las opiniones de Hans-Ulrich Wehler y Fritz Fischer, sostuvo que del siglo 19 Alemania, fue sólo parcialmente modernizado. Economic modernization was not accompanied by political modernization. La modernización económica no fue acompañada por la modernización política. Much of Mommsen's comparative studies of British and German history concern why, in his view, the British had both a political and economic modernization while the Germans had only the latter. Gran parte de la Mommsen estudios comparativos de británicos y alemanes historia preocupación por qué, en su opinión, los británicos tenían una política y modernización económica, mientras que los alemanes sólo este último. An Anglophile, Mommsen very much enjoyed teaching and living in the Britain. In Mommsen's view, the foreign policy of the Second Reich was driven by domestic concerns as the German elite sought distractions abroad to hold off demands for democracy at home. Un Anglophile, Mommsen disfrutado mucho la enseñanza y que viven en el  Gran Bretaña. Mommsen En su opinión, la política exterior de la  Segundo Reich fue impulsado por las preocupaciones internas como el Elite alemana trató distracciones en el extranjero para mantener fuera de las demandas de la democracia en casa. This argument places Mommsen in the Primat der Innenpolitik (primacy of domestic politics) school against the traditional Primat der Aussenpolitik (primacy of foreign politics) school as an explanation for foreign policy. Este argumento lugares Mommsen en elPrimat der Innenpolitik(primacía de la política interna) en contra de la escuela tradicionalPrimat der Aussenpolitik(primacía de la política exterior) la escuela como una explicación de la política exterior. For Mommsen, the major responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War rests on Germany's shoulders. Para Mommsen, la principal responsabilidad para el estallido de la  Primera Guerra Mundial descansa sobre los hombros de Alemania. Furthermore, the November Revolution of 1918 did not go far enough and allowed the pre-1918 elite to continue to dominate German life, thus leading inevitably to the Third Reich. Además, la  Noviembre Revolución de 1918 no va lo suficientemente lejos y permitió a los pre-1918 a la elite siguen dominando la vida alemán, lo que conduce inevitablemente a la  Tercer Reich. Mommsen has written books condemning appeasement. In the Historikerstreit (historians' dispute), Mommsen took the position that the Holocaust was a uniquely evil event that should not be compared to Stalinist terror in the Soviet Union. Mommsen ha escrito libros de condena apaciguamiento. En el Historikerstreit (los historiadores del litigio), Mommsen ocupa la posición de que la Holocausto, fue un único caso de que el mal no debe ser comparada con [[estalinistas] ] Terror en la Unión Soviética. In 1998, several younger German historians criticized Mommsen for not denouncing the Nazi past of his mentors while a university student in the 1950s. En 1998, varios jóvenes historiadores alemán Mommsen criticado por no denunciar el pasado nazi de sus mentores, mientras que un estudiante universitario en la década de 1950.

Work

  • Max Weber und die deutsche Politik, 1890-1920, 1959.
  • "The Debate on German War Aims" pages 47-74 from Journal of Contemporary History, Volume 1, 1966.
  • "Die latente Krise des Deutschen Reiches, 1909-1914" from Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, Volume 4: Deutsche Geschichte der neuesten Zeit von Bismarcks Entlassung bis zur Gegenwart, 1973.
  • The Age of Bureaucracy: Perspectives on the Political Sociology of Max Weber, 1974.
  • Imperialismustheorien, 1977.
  • Der europäische Imperialismus. Aufsätze und Abhandlungen, 1979.
  • The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany, 1850-1950 co-edited with Wolfgang Mock, 1981.
  • Sozialprotest, Gewalt, Terror: Gewaltanwendung durch politische und gesellschaftliche Randgruppen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, 1982.
  • The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement, co-edited with Lothar Kettenacker, 1983.
  • The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914, co-edited with Hans-Gerhard Husung, 1985.
  • Imperialism and After: Continuities and Discontinuities co-edited with Jürgen Osterhammel, 1986.
  • Bismarck, Europe, and Africa: The Berlin Africa Conference, 1884-1885, and the Onset of Partition, co-edited with Stig Förster and Ronald Robinson, 1988.
  • The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber: Collected Essays, 1989.
  • Der Autoritäre Nationalstaat, 1990 translated by Richard Deveson into English as Imperial Germany 1867-1918 : politics, culture, and society in an authoritarian state, 1995.
  • Intellektuelle im Deutschen Kaiserreich, co-edited with Gangolf Hubinger, 1993.

References

  • Kallis, Aristotle "Mommsen, Wolfgang J." pages 829-830 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing edited by Kelly Boyd, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999.

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