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'''Hydrino theory''' is a colloquial term for one aspect of a controversial new hypothesis of atomic chemistry and physics developed by medical doctor, chemist and inventor, Dr. [[Randell Mills]], MD, termed "Classical Quantum Mechanics." This hypothesis is not accepted by the physics community.
'''Hydrino theory''' is a colloquial term for one aspect of a controversial new hypothesis of atomic chemistry and physics developed by medical doctor, chemist and inventor, Dr. [[Randell Mills]], MD, termed "Classical Quantum Mechanics." This hypothesis is not accepted by the physics community.


Revision as of 08:10, 7 November 2005

Hydrino theory is a colloquial term for one aspect of a controversial new hypothesis of atomic chemistry and physics developed by medical doctor, chemist and inventor, Dr. Randell Mills, MD, termed "Classical Quantum Mechanics." This hypothesis is not accepted by the physics community.

Mills' hydrino hypothesis was inspired by a physics paper by MIT electrical engineering professor, Herman Haus. This paper used classical physics to model radiation arising from the free electron laser. Mills reasoned that if classical physics could model radiation of the free electron it should be able to model radiation and non-radiation of the bound electron in an atom.

Development and claims of the hypothesis

Confining himself to the observed properties of the electron and a boundary condition for radiation derived from Haus' paper, Mills arrived at a new model of the electron that is consistent with classical laws. The CQM electron model holds that the electron is better described classically as an extended particle that in free space is a two dimensional disc of spinning charge which in the presence of the electrical field of a proton, forms a sphere.

When captured by a proton to form a hydrogen atom, this two-dimensional electron deforms into a sphere, called the orbitsphere, composed of a spherically-uniform, continuous distribution of current loops and achieves a stable radius through force balance between the coulombic field of the proton and the outward centrifugal force of the moving current on the surface of the sphere.

This sphere is equivalent to a dynamic resonator cavity, able to absorb or emit specific amounts of energy that correspond to known spectra of the H-atom and to alter its radius as it absorbs or emits energy. R1/integer of the ground state.

An example of the process is atomic hydrogen and the He+ ion. He+ ionizes at 54.417 eV which is 2 times 27.2 eV. In this case the He+ ion is ionised to He2+ and the now unstable H-atom which has lost this energy radiates until it reaches the next stable hydrino radius which will be 1/3 that of the "ground state". The total energy release including that recovered from the He2+ ion when it recaptures an electron is 108.8 eV.

The total energy released for hydrino transitions is large compared to the chemical burning of hydrogen but less than nuclear reactions. Each hydrino can itself be reduced by further reactions with the release of more energy until a theoretical limit of 1/137 the radius of the state termed the "ground state". Limitations on confinement and terrestrial conditions mean that only hydrino states less than 1/30 have been achieved.

The Hydrino hypothesis, evidence for and independent replications can be found at the website of the company (BlackLight Power Inc.) founded by Mills to develop the hypothesis and prototypes. The main evidence in support of this novel hypothesis consists of the following claimed phenomena:

  • Formation of plasmas in gas cells with input energies far below that required to form such plasmas.
  • Spectral lines from gas cell plasmas which match the CQM predictions for hydrino transitions.
  • Detection of excess heat from plasma cells using water bath calorimetry.
  • New chemical compounds said to have been formed from hydrino hydrides (ie a hydrino which has captured another electron to form a negative hydride ion) which show unusual properties and structure.
  • Molecular diHydrino gas formation and detection.
  • Spectral lines from the sun's corona said to derive from hydrino transitions, also said to be the cause of the higher temperatures of the corona relative to the sun's surface contrary to scientific expectations.
  • A proposed explanation for "dark matter", a mysterious mass not visible but forming 95% of the universe with observable gravitation effects. CQM argues that hydrinos, or lower energy hydrogen comprises this "dark matter".

Reactions to the hypothesis

In May 2005 Andreas Rathke of the European Space Agency has written an evaluation [1] to appear in New Journal of Physics. He concludes:

We found that CQM is inconsistent and has several serious deficiencies. Amongst these are the failure to reproduce the energy levels of the excited states of the hydrogen atom, and the absence of Lorentz invariance. Most importantly, we found that CQM does not predict the existence of hydrino states!

Robert L Park, a professor of physics, former chair of the Department of Physics at the University of Maryland, and professional skeptic writes in his "what's new" [2] web page

Mills has written a 1000 page tome, entitled,"The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Quantum Mechanics," that takes the reader all the way from hydrinos to antigravity (WN 9 May 97). Fortunately, Aaron Barth...has taken upon himself to look through it, checking for accuracy. Barth is a post doctoral researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Institute, and holds a PhD in Astronomy, 1998, from UC, Berkeley. What he found initially were mathematical blunders and unjustified assumptions.

Douglas Osheroff, Nobel Prize winner and professor of physics at Stanford University, has said that [3]

[Mills] may be creating compounds with unusual properties. This is obviously a rather clever guy, and he may be onto something, but he seems to think it's more fundamental than it really is.

Osheroff claims that hydrinos are a "crackpot idea."

James Viccaro editor of the Journal of Applied Physics defends the decision to publish Mills' paper.[4]

His paper underwent formal review and was accepted for publication based on review. The findings are quite interesting and the reviewers found them relevant to the field, ... I'm actually kind of interested to see what happens now, when the news hits.

Michael Jacox, assistant director of Texas A&M's Commercial Space Center for Engineering and a nuclear engineer, quoted by Erik Baard in the Village Voice [5]:

Researchers at other well-known government labs also say they are afraid to speak on record about their interest in Mills's work. One said that he plans to visit BlackLight Power on his vacation time. Jacox says his team found in the materials 'an anomaly that we could not explain with conventional theory but that we could explain with Randy Mills's theory. That does not necessarily validate the Mills theory, but gosh. '

External links

Advocacy

News

December 22 - 28, 1999

Papers

  • H.A Haus, On the radiation from point charges, Am. J. Phys. 54 (12), 1126 (December 1986)
  • Mills R L, Classical Quantum Mechanics Physics Essays, Vol. 16, No. 4, December (2003), pp. 433-498.
  • Rathke A A critical analysis of the hydrino model New J. Phys. 7 (2005) 127 [6]
  • Lieb E H 2004 Quantum mechanics, the stability of matter and quantum electrodynamics Preprint math-ph/0401004 pdf version
  • Marchese A J, Jansson P, Schmalzel J LThe BlackLight Rocket Engine NIAC Phase I Final Report (May 1 – November 30, 2002)[7]
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