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[[File:Active service Unit of the Dublin Brigade.jpg|thumb|Wall plaque in Great Denmark Street, where the IRA active service unit was founded in Dublin in 1919 during the Irish War For Independence.]]
An '''active service unit''' (ASU) was a [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) cell of five to eight members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks. In 2002 the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.<ref>{{cite book | last = Moloney | first = Ed | authorlink = Ed Moloney | title = A Secret History of the IRA | publisher = [[Penguin Books]] | date = 2002 | pages = p. xiv | doi = | isbn = 0-141-01041-X}}</ref>
The concept of the '''active service unit''' (ASU) was originally created during the Irish War For Independence. It was essentially a company of Irish Volunteers, comprised of men on the run, who were actively engaged in combat, via the mobile "Flying Columns" of the IRA.<ref>Augusteijn, Joost, From Public Defiance To Guerrilla Warfare, Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1996, pgs. 124-138.</ref> These ASU's continued to operate throughout the War, the Irish Civil War and briefly, during the Border Campaign. At a later date, the concept was altered by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (PIRA) into a cell of five to eight members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks. In 2002 the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.<ref>{{cite book | last = Moloney | first = Ed | authorlink = Ed Moloney | title = A Secret History of the IRA | publisher = [[Penguin Books]] | date = 2002 | pages = p. xiv | doi = | isbn = 0-141-01041-X}}</ref>


In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the battalion structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary member for support activities such as intelligence gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.<ref>O'Hearn, page 19</ref>
In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the battalion structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary member for support activities such as intelligence gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.<ref>O'Hearn, page 19</ref>

Revision as of 20:25, 30 May 2009

File:Active service Unit of the Dublin Brigade.jpg
Wall plaque in Great Denmark Street, where the IRA active service unit was founded in Dublin in 1919 during the Irish War For Independence.

The concept of the active service unit (ASU) was originally created during the Irish War For Independence. It was essentially a company of Irish Volunteers, comprised of men on the run, who were actively engaged in combat, via the mobile "Flying Columns" of the IRA.[1] These ASU's continued to operate throughout the War, the Irish Civil War and briefly, during the Border Campaign. At a later date, the concept was altered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) into a cell of five to eight members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks. In 2002 the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.[2]

In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the battalion structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary member for support activities such as intelligence gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.[3]

The bulk of attacks from 1977 onwards were the responsibility of a second type of unit, the ASU. To improve security and operational capacity these ASUs were smaller, tight-knit cells, usually consisting of five to eight members, for carrying out armed attacks. The ASU's weapons were controlled by a quartermaster under the direct control of the IRA leadership.[4] By the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was estimated that the IRA had roughly 300 members in ASUs and approximately 450 serving in supporting roles.[5]

The exception to this reorganisation was the South Armagh Brigade which retained its traditional hierarchy and battalion structure and used relatively large numbers of volunteers in its actions.[6] Some operations, like the attack on Cloghogue checkpoint or the South Armagh sniper squads, involved as many as 20 volunteers, most of them in supporting roles.

References

  • O'Hearn, Denis. Bobby Sands: Nothing but an Unfinished Song, Pluto, ISBN 0-7453-2572-6
  • Bell, J. Bowyer. The Secret Army - The IRA, 1997 3rd Edition, ISBN 1-85371-813-0
  • Moloney Ed, The Secret History of the IRA, Penguin, London 2002, ISBN 0-141-01041-X
  • O'Brien. Brendan, The Long War - The IRA and Sinn Féin. O'Brien Press, Dublin 1995, ISBN 0-86278-359-3

Footnotes

  1. ^ Augusteijn, Joost, From Public Defiance To Guerrilla Warfare, Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1996, pgs. 124-138.
  2. ^ Moloney, Ed (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. Penguin Books. pp. p. xiv. ISBN 0-141-01041-X. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  3. ^ O'Hearn, page 19
  4. ^ Bowyer Bell Page 437
  5. ^ O'Brien, p.161
  6. ^ Moloney, p.377
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