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{{Selfref|For the use of HTML on Wikipedia, see [[Help:HTML in wikitext]].}}
{{Infobox file format
| name = HTML<br />({{small|{{nowrap|Hyper Text Markup Language}}}})
| icon =
| screenshot =
| extension = .html, .htm
| mime = text/html
| type code = TEXT
| uniform type = public.html
| owner = [[World Wide Web Consortium]] & [[WHATWG]]
| genre = [[Markup language]]
| container for =
| contained by =
| extended from = [[Standard Generalized Markup Language|SGML]]
| extended to = [[XHTML]]
| standard = [http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/ W3C HTML 4.01]<br />
[http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114 W3C HTML 3.2]<br />[http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/ W3C HTML 5] (draft)
}}

'''HTML''', which stands for '''Hyper Text Markup Language''', is the predominant [[markup language]] for [[web page]]s. It provides a means to create [[structured document]]s by denoting structural [[semantic]]s for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and other items. It allows [[HTML element#Images and objects|images and objects]] to be embedded and can be used to create [[HTML element#Forms|interactive forms]]. It is written in the form of [[HTML element]]s consisting of "tags" surrounded by [[brackets#Angle brackets or chevrons .3C .3E|angle brackets]] within the web page content. It can include or can load [[scripting language|scripts]] in languages such as [[JavaScript]] which affect the behavior of HTML processors like [[Web browser]]s; and [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The [[W3C]], maintainer of both HTML and CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicit presentational markup.<ref name="deprecated">[http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/conform.html#deprecated HTML 4 — Conformance: requirements and recommendations]</ref>

Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML) is the encoding scheme used to create and format a web document. A user need not be an expert programmer to make use of HTML for creating hypertext documents that can be put on the internet.

==History of HTML==
===Origins===
[[Image:Tim Berners-Lee April 2009.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Tim Berners-Lee]]]]

In 1980, physicist [[Tim Berners-Lee]], who was an independent contractor at [[CERN]], proposed and prototyped [[ENQUIRE]], a system for [[CERN]] researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer [[Robert Cailliau]] each submitted separate proposals for an [[Internet]]-based [[hypertext]] system providing similar functionality. The following year, they collaborated on a joint proposal, the WorldWideWeb (W3) project,<ref>Tim Berners-Lee, "Information Management: A Proposal." CERN (March 1989, May 1990). http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html</ref>
which was accepted by CERN. In his personal notes<ref>Tim Berners-Lee, "Design Issues" http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/</ref> from 1990 he lists<ref>Tim Berners-Lee, "Design Issues" http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Uses.html</ref>, "''some of the many areas in which hypertext is used''", and puts an encyclopedia first.

===First specifications===
The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called ''HTML Tags'', first mentioned on the Internet by Berners-Lee in late 1991.<ref name="tagshtml" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-talk/1991SepOct/0003.html|title=First mention of HTML Tags on the www-talk mailing list|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|date=1991-10-29|accessdate=2007-04-08}}</ref> It describes 20 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Thirteen of these elements still exist in HTML 4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/index/elements|title=Index of elements in HTML 4|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|date=1999-12-24|accessdate=2007-04-08}}</ref>

HTML is a text and image formatting language used by web browsers to dynamically format web pages. Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 ''Techniques for using SGML'', which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the [[TYPSET and RUNOFF|RUNOFF command]] developed in the early 1960s for the [[CTSS]] (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However the [[SGML]] concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely point effects, and also the separation of structure and processing: HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with [[CSS]].

Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of [[SGML]], and it was formally defined as such by the [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification: [http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/draft-ietf-iiir-html-01.txt "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet-Draft] by Berners-Lee and [[Dan Connolly]], which included an SGML [[Document Type Definition]] to define the grammar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-talk/1991NovDec/0020.html|title=Re: SGML/HTML docs, X Browser (archived www-talk mailing list post)|author=Tim Berners-Lee|date=1991-12-09|accessdate=2007-06-16|quote=SGML is very general. HTML is a specific application of the SGML basic syntax applied to hypertext documents with simple structure.}}</ref> The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the [[Mosaic (web browser)|NCSA Mosaic]] browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes.<ref name="raymond">{{cite book|url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/|chapterurl=http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ietf_process.html|title=[[The Art of Unix Programming]]|last=Raymond|first=Eric|chapter=IETF and the RFC Standards Process|quote=In IETF tradition, standards have to arise from experience with a working prototype implementation — but once they become standards, code that does not conform to them is considered broken and mercilessly scrapped. …Internet-Drafts are not specifications, and software implementers and vendors are specifically barred from claiming compliance with them as if they were specifications. Internet-Drafts are focal points for discussion, usually in a working group… Once an Internet-Draft has been published with an RFC number, it is a specification to which implementers may claim conformance. It is expected that the authors of the RFC and the community at large will begin correcting the specification with field experience.}}</ref> Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.<ref name="html+">{{cite web|url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/idindex.cgi?command=id_detail&id=789|title=HTML+ Internet-Draft - Abstract|quote=Browser writers are experimenting with extensions to HTML and it is now appropriate to draw these ideas together into a revised document format. The new format is designed to allow a gradual roll over from HTML, adding features like tables, captioned figures and fill-out forms for querying remote databases or mailing questionnaires.}}</ref>

After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.<ref name="raymond"/> Published as [[Request for Comments]] 1866, HTML 2.0 included ideas from the HTML and HTML+ drafts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt|title=RFC 1866: Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 - Acknowledgments|publisher=Internet Engineering Task Force|date=2005-09-22|accessdate=2007-06-16|quote=Since 1993, a wide variety of Internet participants have contributed to the evolution of HTML, which has included the addition of in-line images introduced by the NCSA Mosaic software for WWW. Dave Raggett played an important role in deriving the forms material from the HTML+ specification. Dan Connolly and Karen Olson Muldrow rewrote the HTML Specification in 1994. The document was then edited by the HTML working group as a whole, with updates being made by Eric Schieler, Mike Knezovich, and Eric W. Sink at Spyglass, Inc. Finally, Roy Fielding restructured the entire draft into its current form.}}</ref> There was no "HTML 1.0"; the 2.0 designation was intended to distinguish the new edition from previous drafts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt|title=RFC 1866: Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 - Introduction|publisher=Internet Engineering Task Force|date=2005-09-22|accessdate=2007-06-16|quote=This document thus defines an HTML 2.0 (to distinguish it from the previous informal specifications). Future (generally upwardly compatible) versions of HTML with new features will be released with higher version numbers.}}</ref>

Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C).<ref name="raggett">{{cite book|first=Dave|last=Raggett|title=Raggett on HTML 4|year=1998|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/book4/ch02.html|accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref> However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard ([[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 15445:2000). The last HTML specification published by the W3C is the HTML 4.01 Recommendation, published in late 1999. Its issues and errors were last acknowledged by errata published in 2001.

===Version history of the standard===
{{Html series}}
====HTML version timeline====

; November 1995: [[HTML 2.0]] was published as IETF RFC 1866. Supplemental [[Request For Comments|RFC]]s added capabilities:
:* November 1995: RFC 1867 (form-based file upload)
:* May 1996: RFC 1942 (tables)
:* August 1996: RFC 1980 (client-side image maps)
:* January 1997: RFC 2070 ([[internationalization and localization|internationalization]])
:In June 2000, all of these were declared obsolete/historic by RFC 2854.

; January 1997: [[HTML 3.2]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32 |title=HTML 3.2 Reference Specification |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=14-January-1997 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> was published as a [[W3C Recommendation]]. It was the first version developed and standardized exclusively by the W3C, as the IETF had closed its HTML Working Group in September 1996.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/HTML-WG/
|title=IETF HTML WG
|accessdate=2007-06-16
|quote=NOTE: This working group is closed}}</ref>
:HTML 3.2 dropped math formulas entirely, reconciled overlap among various proprietary extensions, and adopted most of Netscape's visual markup tags. Netscape's [[blink element]] and Microsoft's [[marquee element]] were omitted due to a mutual agreement between the two companies.<ref name="raggett"/> A markup for mathematical formulas similar to that in HTML wasn't standardized until 14 months later in [[MathML]].

; December 1997: [[HTML 4.0]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40-971218/ |title=HTML 4.0 Specification |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=18-December-1997 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers three "flavors":
:* Strict, in which deprecated elements are forbidden,
:* Transitional, in which deprecated elements are allowed,
:* Frameset, in which mostly only [[Framing (World Wide Web)|frame]] related elements are allowed;
:Initially code-named "Cougar",<ref name="engelfriet">{{cite web
|url=http://htmlhelp.com/reference/wilbur/intro.html
|title=Introduction to Wilbur
|author=Arnoud Engelfriet
|publisher=Web Design Group
|accessdate=2007-06-16}}</ref> HTML 4.0 adopted many browser-specific element types and attributes, but at the same time sought to phase out Netscape's visual markup features by marking them as [[deprecation|deprecated]] in favor of style sheets.

; April 1998: HTML 4.0<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/ |title=HTML 4.0 Specification |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=24-April-1998 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> was reissued with minor edits without incrementing the version number.

; December 1999: [[HTML 4.01]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/ |title=HTML 4.01 Specification |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=24 December 1999 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers the same three flavors as HTML 4.0, and its last [http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html4-updates/errata errata] were published [[May 12]], [[2001]].

; May 2000: [[ISO/IEC 15445:2000]]<ref>https://www.cs.tcd.ie/15445/15445.HTML</ref> ("[[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] HTML", based on HTML 4.01 Strict) was published as an ISO/IEC international standard.

As of mid-2008, HTML 4.01 and ISO/IEC 15445:2000 are the most recent versions of HTML. Development of the parallel, XML-based language XHTML occupied the W3C's HTML Working Group through the early and mid-2000s.

=====Drafts=====
; October 1991: ''[[HTML Tags]]'',<ref name="tagshtml" /> an informal CERN document listing twelve HTML tags, was first mentioned in public. November 1992.

; July 1993: [[Hypertext Markup Language (Internet draft)|Hypertext Markup Language]]<ref>[http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/draft-ietf-iiir-html-01.txt Hypertext Markup Language: A Representation of Textual Information and MetaInformation for Retrieval and Interchange]</ref> was published by the [[Internet Engineering Task Force|IETF]] as an Internet-Draft (a rough proposal for a standard). It expired in January 1994.

; November 1993: [[HTML+]] was published by the IETF as an Internet-Draft and was a competing proposal to the Hypertext Markup Language draft. It expired in May 1994.

; April 1995 (authored March 1995)<!--published April 1995 but authored March 1995-->: [[HTML 3.0]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/ |title=HTML 3.0 Draft (Expired!) Materials |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=1995-12-21 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> was proposed as a standard to the IETF, but the proposal expired five months later without further action. It included many of the capabilities that were in Raggett's HTML+ proposal, such as support for tables, text flow around figures, and the display of complex mathematical formulas.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/CoverPage
|title=HyperText Markup Language Specification Version 3.0
|accessdate=2007-06-16}}</ref>
A demonstration appeared in W3C's own [[Arena (web browser)|Arena browser]]. HTML 3.0 did not succeed for several reasons. The pace of browser development, as well as the number of interested parties, had outstripped the resources of the IETF.<ref name="raggett" /> Netscape continued to introduce HTML elements that specified the visual appearance of documents,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://wp.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/html_extensions_3.html
|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061113205359/http://wp.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/html_extensions_3.html
|archivedate=2006-11-13
|title=Extensions to HTML 3.0
|publisher=Netscape
|quote=Netscape remains committed to supporting HTML 3.0. To that end, we've gone ahead and implemented several of the more stable proposals, in expectation that they will be approved. …In addition, we've also added several new areas of HTML functionality to Netscape Navigator that are not currently in the HTML 3.0 specification. We think they belong there, and as part of the standards process, we are proposing them for inclusion.}}</ref> contrary to the goals of the newly-formed W3C, which sought to limit HTML to describing logical structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Press/CSS2 |title=Press Release: W3C Publishes Public Draft of CSS2 |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=4 November, 1997 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS, FRANCE |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> Microsoft, a newcomer at the time, played to all sides by creating its own tags, implementing Netscape's elements for compatibility, and supporting W3C features such as Cascading Style Sheets.<ref name="raggett" />

; January 2008: [[HTML 5]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/ |title=HTML 5 |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=10 June 2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> was published as a Working Draft by the W3C.

Although its syntax closely resembles that of SGML, [[HTML 5]] has abandoned any attempt to be an SGML application, and has explicitly defined its own "html" serialization, in addition to an alternative XML-based [[XHTML 5]] serialization. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/QA/2008/01/html5-is-html-and-xml.html |title=HTML 5, one vocabulary, two serializations|accessdate=2009-02-25}}</ref>

====XHTML versions====
{{Main|XHTML}}
XHTML is a separate language that began as a reformulation of HTML 4.01 using [[XML]] 1.0. It continues to be developed:
* [[XHTML 1.0]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/ |title=XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=26 January 2000 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> published January 26, 2000 as a W3C Recommendation, later revised and republished August 1, 2002. It offers the same three flavors as HTML 4.0 and 4.01, reformulated in XML, with minor restrictions.
* [[XHTML 1.1]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/ |title=XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML - Second Edition |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=16 February 2007 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> published May 31, 2001 as a W3C Recommendation. It is based on XHTML 1.0 Strict, but includes minor changes, can be customized, and is reformulated using modules from [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/ Modularization of XHTML], which was published April 10, 2001 as a W3C Recommendation.
* [[XHTML 2.0]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/ |title=XHTM 2.0 |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=26 July 2006 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> is still a W3C Working Draft. W3C announched that the XHTML 2 group will stop work by end of 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/News/2009#item119 |title=XHTML 2 Working Group Expected to Stop Work End of 2009, W3C to Increase Resources on HTML 5 |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=17 July 2009 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref>. There will be no XHTML 2.0 standard. XHTML 2.0 is incompatible with XHTML 1.x and, therefore, would be more accurate to characterize as an XHTML-inspired new language than an update to XHTML 1.x.
* [[XHTML 5]], which is an update to XHTML 1.x, is being defined alongside [[HTML 5]] in the HTML 5 draft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/html/wg/html5/ |title=HTML5 |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=24 October 2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref>

==HTML markup==
HTML markup consists of several key components, including ''elements'' (and their ''attributes''), character-based ''data types'', and ''character references'' and ''entity references''. Another important component is the ''[[document type declaration]]'', which specifies the [[Document Type Definition]]. As of [[HTML 5]], no Document Type Definition will need to be specified, and will only determine the layout mode[http://www.w3.org/2008/Talks/04-24-smith/index.html].

The [[Hello world program]], a common [[computer program]] employed for comparing [[programming language]]s, [[scripting language]]s, and [[markup language]]s is made of 9 [[lines of code]] in HTML, albeit [[Newline]]s are optional:
<source lang="html4strict">
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</body>
</html>
</source>

This Document Type Declaration is for HTML 5.

If the <code><!doctype html></code> declaration is not included, most browsers will render using "[[quirks mode]]."<ref name="hsivonen">[http://hsivonen.iki.fi/doctype/ Activating Browser Modes with Doctype]</ref>

===Elements===
:''See [[HTML element]]s for more detailed descriptions.''
HTML elements are the basic components for HTML markup. Elements have two basic properties: attributes and content. Each element's attribute and each element's content has certain restrictions that must be followed for an HTML document to be considered valid. An element usually has a start tag (e.g. <code><element-name></code>) and an end tag (e.g. <code></element-name></code>). The element's attributes are contained in the start tag and content is located between the tags (e.g. <code><element-name&nbsp;attribute="value">Content</element-name></code>). Some elements, such as <code><nowiki><br></nowiki></code>, do not have any content and must not have a closing tag. Listed below are several types of markup elements used in HTML.

'''Structural''' markup describes the purpose of text. For example, <code><nowiki><h2>Golf</h2></nowiki></code> establishes "Golf" as a second-level [[heading]], which would be rendered in a browser in a manner similar to the "HTML markup" title at the start of this section. Structural markup does not denote any specific rendering, but most Web browsers have standardized default styles for element formatting. Text may be further styled with [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS).

'''Presentational''' markup describes the appearance of the text, regardless of its function. For example <code><nowiki><b>boldface</b></nowiki></code> indicates that visual output devices should render "boldface" in bold text, but gives no indication what devices which are unable to do this (such as aural devices that read the text aloud) should do. In the case of both <code><nowiki><b>bold</b></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><i>italic</i></nowiki></code>, there are elements which usually have an equivalent visual rendering but are more semantic in nature, namely <code><nowiki><strong>strong emphasis</strong></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><em>emphasis</em></nowiki></code> respectively. It is easier to see how an aural user agent should interpret the latter two elements. However, they are not equivalent to their presentational counterparts: it would be undesirable for a screen-reader to emphasize the name of a book, for instance, but on a screen such a name would be italicized. Most presentational markup elements have become [[Deprecation|deprecated]] under the HTML 4.0 specification, in favor of [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] based style design.

'''Hypertext''' markup links parts of the document to other documents. HTML up through version [[XHTML]] 1.1 requires the use of an anchor element to create a hyperlink in the flow of text: <code><nowiki><a>Wikipedia</a></nowiki></code>. However, the <code>href</code> attribute must also be set to a valid [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] so for example the HTML markup, <code><nowiki><a&nbsp;href="http://en.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></nowiki></code>, will render the word "<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]</span>" as a [[hyperlink]].To link on an image, the anchor tag use the following syntax: <code><a href="url"><img src="image.gif" alt="alternative text" width="50" height="50"></a></code>

====Attributes====
Most of the attributes of an element are name-value pairs, separated by "=", and written within the start tag of an element, after the element's name. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/intro/sgmltut.html#h-3.2.2 |title=On SGML and HTML |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date= |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/diffs.html#h-4.4 |title=XHTML 1.0 - Differences with HTML&#160;4 |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date= |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> Leaving attribute values unquoted is considered unsafe.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jukka |last=Korpela|url=http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/qattr.html |title=Why attribute values should always be quoted in HTML |publisher=Cs.tut.fi |date=1998-07-06 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> In contrast with name-value pair attributes, there are some attributes that affect the element simply by their presence in the start tag of the element<ref name="tagshtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/Tags.html |title=Tags used in HTML |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=1992-11-03 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> (like the <code>ismap</code> attribute for the <code>img</code> element<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/objects.html#adef-ismap |title=Objects, Images, and Applets in HTML documents |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=1999-12-24 |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref>).

Most elements can take any of several common attributes:

* The <code>id</code> attribute provides a document-wide unique identifier for an element. This can be used by stylesheets to provide presentational properties, by browsers to focus attention on the specific element, or by scripts to alter the contents or presentation of an element. Appended to the URL of the page, it provides a globally-unique identifier for an element; typically a sub-section of the page. For example, the ID "Attributes" in <code><nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#Attributes</nowiki></code>
* The <code>class</code> attribute provides a way of classifying similar elements. This can be used for [[semantics|semantic]] or presentation purposes. Semantically, for example, classes are used in [[microformat]]s. Presentationally, for example, an HTML document might use the designation <code>class="notation"</code> to indicate that all elements with this class value are subordinate to the main text of the document. Such elements might be gathered together and presented as footnotes on a page instead of appearing in the place where they occur in the HTML source.
* An author may use the <code>style</code> non-attributal codes presentational properties to a particular element. It is considered better practice to use an element’s <code>id</code> or <code>class</code> attributes to select the element with a stylesheet, though sometimes this can be too cumbersome for a simple ad hoc application of styled properties.
* The <code>title</code> attribute is used to attach subtextual explanation to an element. In most browsers this attribute is displayed as what is often referred to as a [[tooltip]].

The abbreviation element, <code>abbr</code>, can be used to demonstrate these various attributes:

::<source lang="html4strict"><abbr id="anId" class="aClass" style="color:blue;" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr></source>

This example displays as <span id="anId" class="aClass" style="color:blue;" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</span>; in most browsers, pointing the cursor at the abbreviation should display the title text "Hypertext Markup Language."

Most elements also take the language-related attributes <code>lang</code> and <code>dir</code>.

===Character and entity references===
{{See also|List of XML and HTML character entity references}}

As of version 4.0, HTML defines a set of 252 [[character entity reference]]s and a set of 1,114,050 [[numeric character reference]]s, both of which allow individual characters to be written via simple markup, rather than literally. A literal character and its markup counterpart are considered equivalent and are rendered identically.

The ability to "escape" characters in this way allows for the characters <code>&lt;</code> and <code>&amp;</code> (when written as <code>&amp;lt;</code> and <code>&amp;amp;</code>, respectively) to be interpreted as character data, rather than markup. For example, a literal <code>&lt;</code> normally indicates the start of a tag, and <code>&amp;</code> normally indicates the start of a character entity reference or numeric character reference; writing it as <code>&amp;amp;</code> or <code>&amp;#x26;</code> or <code>&amp;#38;</code> allows <code>&amp;</code> to be included in the content of elements or the values of attributes. The double-quote character (<code>"</code>), when used to quote an attribute value, must also be escaped as <code>&amp;quot;</code> or <code>&amp;#x22;</code> or <code>&amp;#34;</code> when it appears within the attribute value itself. The single-quote character (<code>'</code>), when used to quote an attribute value, must also be escaped as <code>&amp;#x27;</code> or <code>&amp;#39;</code> (should NOT be escaped as <code>&amp;apos;</code> except in XHTML documents) when it appears within the attribute value itself. However, since document authors often overlook the need to escape these characters, browsers tend to be very forgiving, treating them as markup only when subsequent text appears to confirm that intent.

Escaping also allows for characters that are not easily typed or that aren't even available in the document's [[character encoding]] to be represented within the element and attribute content. For example, the acute-accented <code>e</code> (<code>é</code>), a character typically found only on Western European keyboards, can be written in any HTML document as the entity reference <code>&amp;eacute;</code> or as the numeric references <code>&amp;#233;</code> or <code>&amp;#xE9;</code>. The characters comprising those references (that is, the <code>&amp;</code>, the <code>;</code>, the letters in <code>eacute</code>, and so on) are available on all keyboards and are supported in all character encodings, whereas the literal <code>é</code> is not.

===Data types===
HTML defines several [[data type]]s for element content, such as script data and stylesheet data, and a plethora of types for attribute values, including IDs, names, URIs, numbers, units of length, languages, media descriptors, colors, character encodings, dates and times, and so on. All of these data types are specializations of character data.

===Document type declaration===
HTML documents are required to start with a [[Document Type Declaration]] (informally, a “doctype”). In browsers, the function of the doctype is to indicate the rendering mode — particularly to avoid the [[quirks mode]].

The original purpose of the doctype was to enable validation based on [[Document Type Definition]] (DTD) with SGML tools. The DTD to which the DOCTYPE refers contains machine-readable grammar specifying the permitted and prohibited content for a document conforming to such a DTD. Browsers do not read the DTD, however. [[HTML 5]] validation is not DTD-based, so in HTML 5 the doctype does not refer to a DTD.

An example of an HTML 4 doctype:

:<code><nowiki><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"></nowiki></code>

This declaration references the Strict DTD of HTML 4.01, which does not have presentational elements like <code><nowiki><font></nowiki></code>, leaving formatting to Cascading Style Sheets and the <code>span</code> and <code>div</code> tags. SGML-based validators read the DTD in order to properly parse the document and to perform validation. In modern browsers, the HTML 4.01 Strict doctype activates standards layout mode for [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] as opposed to [[quirks mode]].

In addition, HTML 4.01 provides Transitional and Frameset DTDs. The Transitional DTD was intended to gradually phase in the changes made in the Strict DTD, while the Frameset DTD was intended for those documents which contained frames.

==Semantic HTML==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2009}}
There is no official specification called "Semantic HTML". Semantic HTML refers to a practice of creating HTML documents that contain only the author's intended meaning, without any reference to how this meaning is presented. It is part of the idea of [[separation of presentation and content]]. For example, the emphasis element (<code>&lt;em&gt;</code>) and the italics element (<code>&lt;i&gt;</code>) are functionally identical at default, but have two different meanings. The meaning behind the markup is important in semantic HTML.

CSS is typically used to create presentational effects for semantic HTML. With CSS, a designer can create the content with the appropriate, semantic markup and then use CSS to alter the appearance of their markup. The idea is that strictly presentational elements (such as italics or bold lettering) should not be used in the code and that any use of presentational elements should have some meaning attached to it, such as a citation.

The benefit of semantic HTML is that presentation of the text will be consistently applied, so long as the proper markup is consistently applied. Moreover, it allows for easy change of presentation, by simply editing the style sheets as well as being able to transfer the text from one site to another.

The main disadvantage is that HTML does not contain enough markup tags to describe every single conceivable description or meaning. As such, people will typically use the division (<code>&lt;div&gt;</code>) tag along with a set of pre-defined classes or IDs to properly mark up text for their intended meaning. If the designer has a glut of sections or meanings that don't fit well with HTML's markup, they may be forced to use a lot of division (<code>&lt;div&gt;</code>) tags, which could easily obfuscate the code.

==Delivery of HTML==
HTML documents can be delivered by the same means as any other computer file; however, they are most often delivered either by [[HTTP]] from a Web server or by e-mail.

===HTTP===
The [[World Wide Web]] is composed primarily of HTML documents transmitted from [[Web server]]s to Web browsers using the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP). However, HTTP is used to serve images, sound, and other content in addition to HTML. To allow the Web browser to know how to handle each document it receives, other information is transmitted along with the document. This [[metadata]] usually includes the [[MIME type]] (e.g. <tt>text/html</tt> or <tt>application/xhtml+xml</tt>) and the character encoding (see [[Character encodings in HTML]]).

In modern browsers, the MIME type that is sent with the HTML document may affect how the document is initially interpreted. A document sent with the XHTML MIME type is expected to be [[XML#Well-formed documents|well-formed]] XML, and syntax errors may cause the browser to fail to render it. The same document sent with the HTML MIME type might be displayed successfully, since some browsers are more lenient with HTML.

The W3C recommendations state that XHTML 1.0 documents that follow guidelines set forth in the recommendation's Appendix C may be labeled with either MIME Type.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#media |title=XHTML 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=2000, revised 2002 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |quote=XHTML Documents which follow the guidelines set forth in Appendix C, "HTML Compatibility Guidelines" may be labeled with the Internet Media Type "text/html" [RFC2854], as they are compatible with most HTML browsers. Those documents, and any other document conforming to this specification, may also be labeled with the Internet Media Type "application/xhtml+xml" as defined in [RFC3236].}}</ref> The current XHTML 1.1 Working Draft also states that XHTML 1.1 documents should<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt |title=RFC 2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels |publisher=Harvard University |date=1997 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |quote=3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different course.}}</ref> be labeled with either MIME type. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/conformance.html#strict |title=XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML - Second Edition |publisher=World Wide Web Consortium |date=2007 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |quote=XHTML 1.1 documents SHOULD be labeled with the Internet Media Type text/html as defined in [RFC2854] or application/xhtml+xml as defined in [RFC3236].}}</ref>

===HTML e-mail===

{{Main|HTML e-mail}}
Most graphical [[e-mail]] clients allow the use of a subset of HTML (often ill-defined) to provide formatting and [[semantic web|semantic]] markup not available with [[plain text]]. This may include typographic information like coloured headings, emphasized and quoted text, inline images and diagrams. Many such clients include both a [[GUI]] editor for composing HTML e-mail messages and a rendering engine for displaying them. Use of HTML in e-mail is controversial because of compatibility issues, because it can help disguise [[phishing]] attacks, because it can confuse [[E-Mail spam|spam]] filters and because the message size is larger than plain text.

===Naming conventions===
The most common [[filename extension]] for [[computer file|files]] containing HTML is <tt>.html</tt>. A common abbreviation of this is <tt>.htm</tt>, which originated because some early operating systems and file systems, such as [[DOS]] and [[File Allocation Table|FAT]], limited file extensions to [[8.3 filename|three letters]].

=== HTML Application ===

{{Main|HTML Application}}

An HTML Application (HTA; file extension ".hta") is a [[Microsoft Windows]] application that uses HTML and Dynamic HTML in a browser to provide the application's graphical interface. A regular HTML file is confined to the security model of the web browser, communicating only to web servers and manipulating only webpage objects and [[HTTP cookie|site cookies]]. An HTA runs as a fully trusted application and therefore has more privileges, like creation/editing/removal of files and [[Windows Registry]] entries. Because they operate outside the browser's security model, HTAs cannot be executed via HTTP, but must be downloaded (just like an [[EXE|EXE file]]) and executed from local file system.

==Current flavors of HTML==
Since its inception, HTML and its associated protocols gained acceptance relatively quickly. However, no clear standards existed in the early years of the language. Though its creators originally conceived of HTML as a semantic language devoid of presentation details[http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/HTMLConstraints.html], practical uses pushed many presentational elements and attributes into the language, driven largely by the various browser vendors. The latest standards surrounding HTML reflect efforts to overcome the sometimes chaotic development of the language[http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~wwwbtb/book/chap13/who.html] and to create a rational foundation for building both meaningful and well-presented documents. To return HTML to its role as a semantic language, the [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] has developed style languages such as [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] and [[Extensible Stylesheet Language|XSL]] to shoulder the burden of presentation. In conjunction, the HTML specification has slowly reined in the presentational elements.

There are two axes differentiating various flavors of HTML as currently specified: SGML-based HTML versus XML-based HTML (referred to as XHTML) on one axis, and strict versus transitional (loose) versus frameset on the other axis.

===SGML-based versus XML-based HTML===
One difference in the latest HTML specifications lies in the distinction between the SGML-based specification and the XML-based specification. The XML-based specification is usually called XHTML to distinguish it clearly from the more traditional definition; however, the root element name continues to be 'html' even in the XHTML-specified HTML. The W3C intended XHTML 1.0 to be identical to HTML 4.01 except where limitations of XML over the more complex SGML require workarounds. Because XHTML and HTML are closely related, they are sometimes documented in parallel. In such circumstances, some authors conflate the two names as (X)HTML or X(HTML).<ref>See e.g., [[XHTML#Relationship to HTML]]</ref>

Like HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 has three sub-specifications: strict, loose, and frameset.

Aside from the different opening declarations for a document, the differences between an HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 document&mdash;in each of the corresponding DTDs&mdash;are largely syntactic. The underlying syntax of HTML allows many shortcuts that XHTML does not, such as elements with optional opening or closing tags, and even EMPTY elements which must not have an end tag. By contrast, XHTML requires all elements to have an opening tag or a closing tag. XHTML, however, also introduces a new shortcut: an XHTML tag may be opened and closed within the same tag, by including a slash before the end of the tag like this: <code>&lt;br/&gt;</code>. The introduction of this shorthand, which is not used in the SGML declaration for HTML 4.01, may confuse earlier software unfamiliar with this new convention. A fix for this is to include a space before closing the tag, as such: <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>.<ref>Freeman, E (2005). Head First HTML. O'Reilly. </ref>

To understand the subtle differences between HTML and XHTML, consider the transformation of a valid and well-formed XHTML 1.0 document that adheres to Appendix C (see below) into a valid HTML 4.01 document. To make this translation requires the following steps:
# '''The language for an element should be specified with a <code>lang</code> attribute rather than the XHTML <code>xml:lang</code> attribute.''' XHTML uses XML's built in language-defining functionality attribute.
# '''Remove the XML namespace (<code>xmlns=URI</code>).''' HTML has no facilities for namespaces.
# '''Change the document type declaration''' from XHTML 1.0 to HTML 4.01. (see [[#Document_type_declaration|DTD section]] for further explanation).
# If present, '''remove the XML declaration.''' (Typically this is: <code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></code>).
# '''Ensure that the document’s MIME type is set to <code>text/html</code>.''' For both HTML and XHTML, this comes from the HTTP <code>Content-Type</code> header sent by the server.
# '''Change the XML empty-element syntax to an HTML style empty element''' (<code>&lt;br/&gt;</code> to <code>&lt;br&gt;</code>).

Those are the main changes necessary to translate a document from XHTML 1.0 to HTML 4.01. To translate from HTML to XHTML would also require the addition of any omitted opening or closing tags. Whether coding in HTML or XHTML it may just be best to always include the optional tags within an HTML document rather than remembering which tags can be omitted.

A well-formed XHTML document adheres to all the syntax requirements of XML. A valid document adheres to the content specification for XHTML, which describes the document structure.

The W3C recommends several conventions to ensure an easy migration between HTML and XHTML (see [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#guidelines HTML Compatibility Guidelines]). The following steps can be applied to XHTML 1.0 documents only:
* Include both <code>xml:lang</code> and <code>lang</code> attributes on any elements assigning language.
* Use the empty-element syntax only for elements specified as empty in HTML.
* Include an extra space in empty-element tags: for example <code>&lt;br&nbsp;/&gt;</code> instead of <code>&lt;br/&gt;</code>.
* Include explicit close tags for elements that permit content but are left empty (for example, <code>&lt;div&gt;</code><code>&lt;/div&gt;</code>, not <code>&lt;div /&gt;</code>).
* Omit the XML declaration.

By carefully following the W3C’s compatibility guidelines, a user agent should be able to interpret the document equally as HTML or XHTML. For documents that are XHTML 1.0 and have been made compatible in this way, the W3C permits them to be served either as HTML (with a <code>text/html</code> [[MIME type]]), or as XHTML (with an <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> or <code>application/xml</code> MIME type). When delivered as XHTML, browsers should use an XML parser, which adheres strictly to the XML specifications for parsing the document's contents.

===Transitional versus Strict ===
{{Confusing|section|date=February 2009}}
The latest SGML-based specification HTML 4.01 and the earliest XHTML version include three sub-specifications: Strict, Transitional (once called Loose), and Frameset. The Strict variant represents the standard proper, whereas the Transitional and Frameset variants were developed to assist in the transition from earlier versions of HTML (including HTML 3.2). The Transitional and Frameset variants allow for [[presentational markup]] whereas the Strict variant encourages the use of style sheets through its omission of most presentational markup.

The primary differences which make the Transitional variant more permissive than the Strict variant (the differences are the same in HTML 4 and XHTML 1.0) are:
* '''A looser content model'''
** Inline elements and plain text (#PCDATA) are allowed directly in: <code>body</code>, <code>blockquote</code>, <code>form</code>, <code>noscript</code> and <code>noframes</code>
* '''Presentation related elements'''
** underline (<code>u</code>)
** strike-through (<code>s</code>)
** <code>center</code>
** <code>font</code>
** <code>basefont</code>
* '''Presentation related attributes'''
** <code>background</code> and <code>bgcolor</code> attributes for <code>body</code> element.
** <code>align</code> attribute on <code>div</code>, <code>form</code>, paragraph (<code>p</code>), and heading (<code>h1</code>...<code>h6</code>) elements
** <code>align</code>, <code>noshade</code>, <code>size</code>, and <code>width</code> attributes on <code>hr</code> element
** <code>align</code>, <code>border</code>, <code>vspace</code>, and <code>hspace</code> attributes on <code>img</code> and <code>object</code> elements
** <code>align</code> attribute on <code>legend</code> and <code>caption</code> elements
** <code>align</code> and <code>bgcolor</code> on <code>table</code> element
** <code>nowrap</code>, <code>bgcolor</code>, <code>width</code>, <code>height</code> on <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements
** <code>bgcolor</code> attribute on <code>tr</code> element
** <code>clear</code> attribute on <code>br</code> element
** <code>compact</code> attribute on <code>dl</code>, <code>dir</code> and <code>menu</code> elements
** <code>type</code>, <code>compact</code>, and <code>start</code> attributes on <code>ol</code> and <code>ul</code> elements
** <code>type</code> and <code>value</code> attributes on <code>li</code> element
** <code>width</code> attribute on <code>pre</code> element
* '''Additional elements in Transitional specification'''
** <code>menu</code> list (no substitute, though unordered list is recommended; may return in XHTML 2.0 specification)
** <code>dir</code> list (no substitute, though unordered list is recommended)
** <code>isindex</code> (element requires server-side support and is typically added to documents server-side)
** <code>applet</code> (deprecated in favor of object element)
* '''The <code>language</code> attribute on script element''' (presumably redundant with <code>type</code> attribute, though this is maintained for legacy reasons).
* '''Frame related entities'''
** <code>frameset</code> element (used in place of body for frameset DTD)
** <code>frame</code> element
** <code>iframe</code>
** <code>noframes</code>
** <code>target</code> attribute on <code>anchor</code>, client-side image-map (<code>imagemap</code>), <code>link</code>, <code>form</code>, and <code>base</code> elements

===Frameset versus transitional===
In addition to the above transitional differences, the frameset specifications (whether XHTML 1.0 or HTML 4.01) specifies a different content model, with <code>frameset</code> replacing <code>body</code>, containing <code>frame</code> elements, and optionally <code>noframes</code>, with a <code>body</code>.

=== Summary of flavors ===
As this list demonstrates, the loose flavors of the specification are maintained for legacy support. However, contrary to popular misconceptions, the move to XHTML does not imply a removal of this legacy support. Rather the X in XML stands for extensible and the W3C is modularizing the entire specification and opening it up to independent extensions. The primary achievement in the move from XHTML 1.0 to XHTML 1.1 is the modularization of the entire specification. The strict version of HTML is deployed in XHTML 1.1 through a set of modular extensions to the base XHTML 1.1 specification. Likewise someone looking for the loose (transitional) or frameset specifications will find similar extended XHTML 1.1 support (much of it is contained in the legacy or frame modules). The modularization also allows for separate features to develop on their own timetable. So for example XHTML 1.1 will allow quicker migration to emerging XML standards such as [[MathML]] (a presentational and semantic math language based on XML) and [[XForms]]&mdash;a new highly advanced web-form technology to replace the existing HTML forms.

In summary, the HTML 4.01 specification primarily reined in all the various HTML implementations into a single clear written specification based on SGML. XHTML 1.0, ported this specification, as is, to the new XML defined specification. Next, XHTML 1.1 takes advantage of the extensible nature of XML and modularizes the whole specification. XHTML 2.0 will be the first step in adding new features to the specification in a standards-body-based approach.

== Hypertext features not in HTML ==
HTML lacks some of the features found in earlier hypertext systems, such as [[typed link]]s, [[source tracking]], [[fat link]]s, and more.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20050103.html
|title=Reviving Advanced Hypertext
|author=[[Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)|Jakob Nielsen]]
|date=2005-01-03
|accessdate=2007-06-16}}</ref> Even some hypertext features that were in early versions of HTML have been ignored by most popular web browsers until recently, such as the link element and in-browser Web page editing.

Sometimes Web services or browser manufacturers remedy these shortcomings. For instance, [[wiki]]s and [[content management system]]s allow surfers to edit the Web pages they visit.

==See also==
* [[Breadcrumb (navigation)]]
* [[HTML decimal character rendering]]
* [[HTML elements]]
* [[List of computer standards]]
* [[List of document markup languages]]
* [[Microformats]]
* ''[[The HTML Sourcebook: The Complete Guide to HTML]]'' (historical reference from 1995)
* [[JHTML]]
* [[XHTML]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Wikibooks|HyperText Markup Language}}
{{wikiversity}}
{{wikiversity|HTML Challenges}}
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/ HTML 4.01, the last valid specification]
* [http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/ Dave Raggett's Introduction to HTML]
* [http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/html/empty.html Empty elements in SGML, HTML, XML, and XHTML]

===HTML Tutorials===
<!--See discussion on Talk:HTML-->
* [http://htmldog.com/guides/ HTML Dog]
* [http://www.w3schools.com/html/ W3Schools]

{{W3C Standards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Html}}
[[Category:HTML]]
[[Category:Computing acronyms]]
[[Category:Markup languages]]
[[Category:Technical communication]]
[[Category:World Wide Web Consortium standards]]
[[Category:Internet terminology]]

[[af:HTML]]
[[als:HTML]]
[[ar:لغة رقم النص الفائق]]
[[an:HTML]]
[[az:HTML]]
[[bn:হাইপার টেক্সট মার্ক আপ ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ]]
[[be-x-old:HTML]]
[[bar:HTML]]
[[bs:HTML]]
[[br:HTML]]
[[bg:HTML]]
[[ca:Hyper Text Markup Language]]
[[cs:HyperText Markup Language]]
[[cy:HTML]]
[[da:Hypertext Markup Language]]
[[de:Hypertext Markup Language]]
[[et:HTML]]
[[el:HTML]]
[[es:HTML]]
[[eo:HTML]]
[[eu:HTML]]
[[fa:اچ‌تی‌ام‌ال]]
[[fo:HTML]]
[[fr:Hypertext Markup Language]]
[[fy:HTML]]
[[fur:HTML]]
[[ga:HTML]]
[[gl:HTML]]
[[ko:HTML]]
[[hy:HTML]]
[[hi:एच.टी.एम.एल.]]
[[hsb:HTML]]
[[hr:HTML]]
[[id:Hypertext markup language]]
[[ia:HTML]]
[[is:HTML]]
[[it:HTML]]
[[he:HTML]]
[[ka:ჰიპერტექსტური მარკირების ენა]]
[[kk:HTML]]
[[ku:HTML]]
[[lv:HTML]]
[[lb:Hypertext Markup Language]]
[[lt:HTML]]
[[lmo:HTML]]
[[hu:HTML]]
[[mk:HTML]]
[[ml:എച്.ടി.എം.എല്‍.]]
[[mr:एच.टी.एम.एल.]]
[[ms:HTML]]
[[mn:HTML]]
[[nl:HyperText Markup Language]]
[[ja:HyperText Markup Language]]
[[no:HTML]]
[[nn:HTML]]
[[uz:HTML]]
[[km:HTML]]
[[pl:HTML]]
[[pt:HTML]]
[[kaa:HTML]]
[[ro:HyperText Markup Language]]
[[ru:HTML]]
[[sq:HTML]]
[[simple:HTML]]
[[sk:Hypertext markup language]]
[[sl:HTML]]
[[sr:HTML]]
[[sh:HTML]]
[[fi:HTML]]
[[sv:HTML]]
[[tl:HTML]]
[[ta:எச்.டி.எம்.எல்]]
[[th:HTML]]
[[tg:HTML]]
[[tr:HTML]]
[[uk:HTML]]
[[ur:وراۓمتن زبان تدوین]]
[[vi:HTML]]
[[yi:HTML]]
[[zh-yue:HTML]]
[[bat-smg:HTML]]
[[zh:HTML]]

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mickey mouse is going to come and scratch your balls off!!!

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