Tripeptide: Difference between revisions
→See also: Addition of information on Lactotripeptides |
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'''What are [[lactotripeptides / Tripeptides]]?''' |
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[[Lactotripeptides]] is a commonly used name for two naturally occurring milk peptides: Isoleucine-Proline-Proline (IPP) and Valine-Proline-Proline (VPP). These Lactotripeptides are derived from casein, which is a milk protein also found in dairy products. Although most normal dairy products contain lactotripeptides, they are inactive within the original milk proteins. Dairy peptides can be effectively released through enzymatic predigestion – a process by which milk protein is enzymatically broken down into smaller pieces. Once activated, the peptides responsible for the [[blood pressure]] lowering effect can be delivered into the system in a highly concentrated form. |
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Several clinical studies have shown that these Lactotripeptides help promote healthy blood pressure levels as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19061526</ref> |
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'''Lactotripeptides and their impact on [[hypertension]]''' |
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Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant health problem worldwide. Research has shown that even small blood pressure reductions can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease, kidney failure and stroke. |
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Dairy peptides work by inhibiting, or preventing, the activity of the [[angiotensin converting enzyme]] (ACE). ACE is part of the renin-angiotensin system – a natural mechanism that helps regulate blood pressure in the body. In certain individuals, the renin-angiotensin system can become overactive, often due to stress, an unhealthy diet and/or unhealthy lifestyle. Under such conditions ACE becomes overactive and converts more angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to contract, and so increases blood pressure which can potentially lead to hypertension. But when ACE activity is inhibited, the formation of angiotensin II is reduced. This then helps the blood vessels to relax and expand back to its normal healthy state, so blood pressure is lowered. |
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Lactotripeptides are a type of ACE inhibitor – they work by supporting the body’s natural processes to relax and expand (dilate) blood vessels, which in turn helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range. |
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'''Clinical evidence for their efficacy'''<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19061526</ref> |
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The health claims of bioactive peptides have been scientifically validated by over 20 human clinical studies over the last ten years . |
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These human trials aimed to evaluate the effect of lactotripeptides on blood pressure. The vast majority show a blood pressure lowering effect of lactotripeptides in people with mild to moderate hypertension. Some also show an effect in those with high normal blood pressure. In those with normal blood pressure, however, lactotripeptides do not further lower blood pressure. There is an ample body of scientific research demonstrating the influence of lactotripeptides on blood pressure levels. |
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'''[[Heart health]] advice''' |
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For the best results regular consumption of dairy peptide-rich products should be reinforced with a heart-friendly wholesome diet, reduction in sodium and alcohol intake and regular exercise. Quitting smoking and weight management are equally recommended for both treatment and prevention of hypertension. |
Revision as of 09:33, 14 October 2009
A tripeptide is a peptide consisting of three amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Examples of tripeptides are:
- Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is an antioxidant, protecting cells from toxins such as free radicals
- Glypromate (gly-pro-glu) is a naturally occurring IGF-1 protein fragment under investigation as a neuroprotectant
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, thyroliberin or protirelin) (L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidinyl-L-prolinamide) is a peptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary
- Melanostatin (prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide) is a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
- Ophthalmic acid (L-γ-glutamyl-L-α-aminobutyryl-glycine) is an analogue of glutathione isolated from crystalline lens
- Norophthalmic acid (y-glutamyl-alanyl-glycine) is an analogue of glutathione (L-cysteine replaced by L-alanine) isolated from crystalline lens
- Leupeptin (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal) is a protease inhibitor that also acts as an inhibitor of calpain
- Eisenin (pGlu-Gln-Ala-OH) is a peptide with immunological activity that is isolated from the Japanese marine alga, Eisenia bicyclis, which more commonly is known as, Arame
See also
What are lactotripeptides / Tripeptides?
Lactotripeptides is a commonly used name for two naturally occurring milk peptides: Isoleucine-Proline-Proline (IPP) and Valine-Proline-Proline (VPP). These Lactotripeptides are derived from casein, which is a milk protein also found in dairy products. Although most normal dairy products contain lactotripeptides, they are inactive within the original milk proteins. Dairy peptides can be effectively released through enzymatic predigestion – a process by which milk protein is enzymatically broken down into smaller pieces. Once activated, the peptides responsible for the blood pressure lowering effect can be delivered into the system in a highly concentrated form.
Several clinical studies have shown that these Lactotripeptides help promote healthy blood pressure levels as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle.[1]
Lactotripeptides and their impact on hypertension
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant health problem worldwide. Research has shown that even small blood pressure reductions can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease, kidney failure and stroke.
Dairy peptides work by inhibiting, or preventing, the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is part of the renin-angiotensin system – a natural mechanism that helps regulate blood pressure in the body. In certain individuals, the renin-angiotensin system can become overactive, often due to stress, an unhealthy diet and/or unhealthy lifestyle. Under such conditions ACE becomes overactive and converts more angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to contract, and so increases blood pressure which can potentially lead to hypertension. But when ACE activity is inhibited, the formation of angiotensin II is reduced. This then helps the blood vessels to relax and expand back to its normal healthy state, so blood pressure is lowered.
Lactotripeptides are a type of ACE inhibitor – they work by supporting the body’s natural processes to relax and expand (dilate) blood vessels, which in turn helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range.
Clinical evidence for their efficacy[2]
The health claims of bioactive peptides have been scientifically validated by over 20 human clinical studies over the last ten years .
These human trials aimed to evaluate the effect of lactotripeptides on blood pressure. The vast majority show a blood pressure lowering effect of lactotripeptides in people with mild to moderate hypertension. Some also show an effect in those with high normal blood pressure. In those with normal blood pressure, however, lactotripeptides do not further lower blood pressure. There is an ample body of scientific research demonstrating the influence of lactotripeptides on blood pressure levels.
Heart health advice
For the best results regular consumption of dairy peptide-rich products should be reinforced with a heart-friendly wholesome diet, reduction in sodium and alcohol intake and regular exercise. Quitting smoking and weight management are equally recommended for both treatment and prevention of hypertension.