Sally Mugabe: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 05:54, 23 April 2010
Sally Hayfron | |
|---|---|
 after a state visit to the United States in 1983 | |
| Born | Sarah Francesca Hayfron 6 June 1931 Ghana (then a colony of the United Kingdom) |
| Died | January 27, 1992 (aged 60) |
| Cause of death | Kidney failure |
| Other names | Sally Mugabe |
| Occupation | Teacher |
| Title | First Lady of Zimbabwe |
| Successor | Grace Marufu |
| Political party |  ZANU PF |
| Spouse | Robert Mugabe |
| Children | Nhamodzenyika (1963-1966) |
| Relatives | Mavis Hayfron (mother), John Hayfron (father), Esther Sophia Hayfron (twin sister), Jane Hayfron (sister), Isabella Hayfron (sister) |
Sarah Francesca (Hayfron) Mugabe[1] (6 June, 1931 - 27 January, 1992), a.k.a Sally Mugabe, was the first wife of Robert Mugabe, the President of Zimbabwe and the First Lady of Zimbabwe from 1980 until her death in 1992. She was popularly known as Amai (Mother) in Zimbabwe.[2] The death of Sally is seen by some to be around the time that President Robert Mugabe began indurating his policy in Zimbabwe.
Early life
Born in 1931 in present-day Ghana (then a British colony), Sally and her twin sister, Esther, were raised in a political family, which was part of the growing nationalist politics in colonial Ghana. She went to Achimota Secondary School before qualifying as a teacher.
Sally Mugabe was a trained teacher who asserted her position as an independent political activist and campaigner. She demonstrated this activism as early as 1962 when she was active in mobilizing African women to challenge Ian Smith's Rhodesian constitution which resulted in her being charged with sedition and sentenced to five years imprisonment, part of which was suspended.
She met her future husband, President Robert Mugabe at Takoradi Teacher Training College where they were both teaching.
Exile and family
Hayfron married Robert Mugabe in April 1961 in Salisbury.[3] In 1967, Sally went into exile in London, and resided in Ealing Broadway, West London; her stay in England was financed, at least in part, by the British Ariel Foundation.[4] She spent the next eight years agitating and campaigning for the release of political detainees in Rhodesia, including her husband who had been arrested in 1964 and was to remain incarcerated for ten years. Their only son, Nhamodzenyika who was born in 1963 during this period of detention and imprisonment, would succumb to a severe attack of malaria and die in Ghana in 1966. Her father also died in 1970. The British Home Office attempted to deport her, but after her husband petitioned the British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office[5], she was given British residency.[2][4] Mugabe was prevented from attending the burial of his son and Sally was left to singly bear the physical and emotional burden of the loss.
With the release of Mugabe from prison in 1975 and his subsequent escape to Mozambique with Edgar Tekere his fellow revolutionary and then best friend to kick start the war. Sally Mugabe was able to re-join her husband in Maputo. Here, she found herself challenged to a new role of a mother figure to thousands of Zimbabwean refugees and revolutionaries who had fled from Rhodesian governmental oppression. Her efforts in this role earned her the popular title Amai (Mother).
Return to politics
In 1978 she was elected ZANU-PF Deputy Secretary for the Women's League. In 1980 she had to make a quick adjustment to a new and national role of the wife of Zimbabwe's first black Prime Minister. She was elected Secretary General of the ZANU-PF Women's League at the Party's Congress of 1989.
She also founded the Zimbabwe Child Survival Movement. Sally Mugabe launched the Zimbabwe Women's Cooperative in the UK in 1986 and supported Akina Mama wa Africa, a London-based African women's organization focusing on development and women's issues in Africa and the United Kingdom.
Death and remembrance
Sally died on 27 January 1992 from kidney failure. Upon her death she was interred at the National Heroes Acre in Harare, Zimbabwe. In 2002, to mark the 10th anniversary of her passing, Zimbabwe issued a set of four postage stamps, of a common design, using two different photographs, each photograph appearing on two of the denominations. She is remembered fondly with love and affection, as she is still considered the founding mother of the nation of Zimbabwe.[2]
References
- ^ UK National Archive reference to Sally as "Sarah Francesca Mugabe"
- ^ a b c Verkaik, Robert. "The love that made Robert Mugabe a monster". The Independent. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ^ Nyarota, Geoffrey. Against the Grain. Page 101-102
- ^ a b Source of finance and partial text of a letter to Harold Wilson given here (see also footnote 57 of that source)
- ^ Text of letters, telegrams etc. between Mugabe and various British Ministers and officials and the Ariel Foundation