Plant defensin: Difference between revisions

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary
PDB	1gpt :1-47 1gps :1-47 1ti5A:28-73 1mr4A:26-72 1n4nA:26-72 1h3rA:28-72 1jkzA:1-46 1myn :27-70 1ayj :2-51 1bk8 :4-50

Plant defensins
Plant defensins
	Antifungal protein 1
Identifiers
Symbol	Gamma-thionin
Pfam	PF00304
Pfam clan	CL0054
InterPro	IPR008176
PROSITE	PDOC00725
SCOP2	1gps / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM superfamily	61
OPM protein	1jkz
Pfam
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary
PDB	1gpt :1-47 1gps :1-47 1ti5A:28-73 1mr4A:26-72 1n4nA:26-72 1h3rA:28-72 1jkzA:1-46 1myn :27-70 1ayj :2-51 1bk8 :4-50

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Revision as of 15:51, 9 September 2010

Gamma-thionins (also known as plant defensins) are small evolutionarily related proteins of plants that serve to defend them against parasites.

The following plant proteins belong to this family:

Gamma-thionins from Triticum aestivum (Wheat) endosperm (gamma-purothionins) and gamma-hordothionins from Hordeum vulgare(Barley) are toxic to animal cells and inhibit protein synthesis in cell free systems.^[1]
A flower-specific thionin (FST) from Nicotiana tabacum (Common Tobacco).^[2]
Antifungal proteins (AFP) from the seeds of Brassicaceae species such as radish, mustard, turnip and Arabidopsis thaliana (Thale Cress).^[3]
Inhibitors of insect alpha-amylases from sorghum.^[4]
Probable protease inhibitor P322 from Solanum tuberosum (Potato).
A germination-related protein from Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea).^[5]
Anther-specific protein SF18 from sunflower. SF18 is a protein that contains a gamma-thionin domain at its N-terminus and a proline-rich C-terminal domain.
Glycine max (Soybean) sulfur-rich protein SE60.^[6].
Vicia faba (Broad bean) antibacterial peptides fabatin-1 and -2.

In their mature form, these proteins generally consist of about 45 to 50 amino-acid residues. As shown in the following schematic representation, these peptides contain eight conserved cysteines involved in disulfide bonds.

         +-------------------------------------------+
         |          +-------------------+            |
         |          |                   |            |
       xxCxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxCxxxCxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxCxCxxxC
                          |   |                | |
                          +---|----------------+ |
                              +------------------+

'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.

The folded structure of Gamma-purothionin is characterised by a well-defined 3-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet and a short alpha-helix.^[1] Three disulfide bridges are located in the hydrophobic core between the helix and sheet, forming a cysteine-stabilised alpha-helical motif. This structure differs from that of the plant alpha- and beta-thionins, but is analogous to scorpion toxins and insect defensins.

Databases

A database for antimicrobial peptides, including defensins is available: PhytAMP (http://phytamp.pfba-lab.org).^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Bruix M, Jime nez MA, Santoro J, Gonzalez C, Colilla FJ, Mendez E, Rico M (1993). "Solution structure of gamma 1-H and gamma 1-P thionins from barley and wheat endosperm determined by 1H-NMR: a structural motif common to toxic arthropod proteins". Biochemistry. 32 (2): 715–724. doi:10.1021/bi00053a041. PMID 8380707. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |author= at position 14 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Gu Q, Kawata EE, Cheung AY, Morse MJ, Wu HM (1992). "A flower-specific cDNA encoding a novel thionin in tobacco". Mol. Gen. Genet. 234 (1): 89–96. PMID 1495489.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Osborn RW, Torrekens S, Vanderleyden J, Broekaert WF, Cammue BP, Terras FR, Van Leuven F (1993). "A new family of basic cysteine-rich plant antifungal proteins from Brassicaceae species". FEBS Lett. 316 (3): 233–240. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81299-F. PMID 8422949.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Richardson M, Bloch Jr C (1991). "A new family of small (5 kDa) protein inhibitors of insect alpha-amylases from seeds or sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L) Moench) have sequence homologies with wheat gamma-purothionins". FEBS Lett. 279 (1): 101–104. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80261-Z. PMID 1995329.
^ Ishibashi N, Yamauchi D, Minamikawa T (1990). "Stored mRNA in cotyledons of Vigna unguiculata seeds: nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for a stored mRNA and induction of its synthesis by precocious germination". Plant Mol. Biol. 15 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1007/BF00017724. PMID 2103443.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Choi Y, Choi YD, Lee JS (1993). "Nucleot ide sequence of a cDNA encoding a low molecular weight sulfur-rich protein in soybean seeds". Plant Physiol. 101 (2): 699–700. doi:10.1104/pp.101.2.699. PMC 160625. PMID 8278516. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 8 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Hammami R, Ben Hamida J, Vergoten G, Fliss I, (2008). "PhytAMP: a database dadicated to plant antimicrobial peptides". Nucleic Acid Research. 37 (Database issue): D963. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn655. PMC 2686510. PMID 18836196.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Subfamilies

Gamma Purothionin InterPro: IPR008177

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR008176

[PUB00000384-1] Bruix M, Jime nez MA, Santoro J, Gonzalez C, Colilla FJ, Mendez E, Rico M (1993). "Solution structure of gamma 1-H and gamma 1-P thionins from barley and wheat endosperm determined by 1H-NMR: a structural motif common to toxic arthropod proteins". Biochemistry. 32 (2): 715–724. doi:10.1021/bi00053a041. PMID 8380707. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |author= at position 14 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[PUB00003753-2] Gu Q, Kawata EE, Cheung AY, Morse MJ, Wu HM (1992). "A flower-specific cDNA encoding a novel thionin in tobacco". Mol. Gen. Genet. 234 (1): 89–96. PMID 1495489.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[PUB00001650-3] Osborn RW, Torrekens S, Vanderleyden J, Broekaert WF, Cammue BP, Terras FR, Van Leuven F (1993). "A new family of basic cysteine-rich plant antifungal proteins from Brassicaceae species". FEBS Lett. 316 (3): 233–240. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81299-F. PMID 8422949.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[PUB00001598-4] Richardson M, Bloch Jr C (1991). "A new family of small (5 kDa) protein inhibitors of insect alpha-amylases from seeds or sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L) Moench) have sequence homologies with wheat gamma-purothionins". FEBS Lett. 279 (1): 101–104. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80261-Z. PMID 1995329.

[PUB00004542-5] Ishibashi N, Yamauchi D, Minamikawa T (1990). "Stored mRNA in cotyledons of Vigna unguiculata seeds: nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for a stored mRNA and induction of its synthesis by precocious germination". Plant Mol. Biol. 15 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1007/BF00017724. PMID 2103443.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[PUB00004576-6] Choi Y, Choi YD, Lee JS (1993). "Nucleot ide sequence of a cDNA encoding a low molecular weight sulfur-rich protein in soybean seeds". Plant Physiol. 101 (2): 699–700. doi:10.1104/pp.101.2.699. PMC 160625. PMID 8278516. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 8 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Hammami R, Ben Hamida J, Vergoten G, Fliss I, (2008). "PhytAMP: a database dadicated to plant antimicrobial peptides". Nucleic Acid Research. 37 (Database issue): D963. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn655. PMC 2686510. PMID 18836196.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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