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Revision as of 20:42, 11 November 2010
Joseph Ingraham | |
|---|---|
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/ | United States Navy |
| Battles/wars | American Revolutionary War, Quasi-War |
Joseph Ingraham (1762–1800) was an American sailor and Maritime Fur Trader who discovered several islands of the Marquesas Islands while on his way to trade along the West Coast of North America. He was also a prisoner in the American Revolutionary War and an officer in the United States Navy.
Early life
During the War of Independence Joseph Ingraham was a sailor captured by the British. He spent part of the war on a prison ship.[1] In 1787, he served as second mate aboard the Columbia Rediviva under the command of John Kendrick when it sailed to the Pacific Northwest to engage in the fur trade.[2]
Pacific voyages
On September 16, 1790, Ingraham set sail from Boston as captain of the brig Hope.[3][4] The ship and venture was paid for by George Perkins.[2] Ingraham's destination was a return to the northwest coast to partake in the fur trade.[4] Ingraham and his ship sailed around Cape Horn, passing by the southern tip of South America on January 26, 1791.[5] Their next stop was at Port Madre de Dios on the island of Dominica, part of the Marquesas Islands chain on April 14.[5] While in this Spanish port they took on some provisions before sailing north again.[5] A few days later on April 19, 1792, Ingraham discovered a small uncharted island group.[4] These islands were situated roughly nine degrees south of the equator.[6] Captain Ingraham named the group Washington Islands, and named many of the individual islands: Washington Island for the president, Adams Island for the vice president, Federal Island, Franklin Island, Knox Island, and lastly Lincoln Island for a general.[5] The island are approximately at 9° 20' south of the Equator and 140° 54' west of London.[5] These islands are part of the Marquesas chain. Upon sailing from the Marquesas archipelago Ingraham sailed north to the Sandwich Islands before sailing on to the Queen Charlotte Islands on the northwest coast of North America.[4]
After arriving off the coast of North America, Captain Ingraham set about trading for the fur pelts he was sent to bargain for from the natives.[6] On September 26, 1792, Ingraham encountered his former captain, Captain Robert Gray, captain of the Columbia, in Neah Bay off Cape Flattery.[7] Gray was there to sell his small craft Adventure to the Spanish. The Adventure was under the command of Ingraham’s former shipmate Robert Haswell. The next day Ingraham and the Hope set sail with the Spanish vessel Princesa that was sailing north to Nootka Sound to deliver Spain’s new administrator to that outpost.[8] After spending the summer trading for fur pelts from the natives along the coast, Ingraham then sailed to China via the Sandwich Islands, and then back to Boston.[4] On the journey to the Chinese mainland the ship log shows the crew passing by the island of Formosa.[6] This voyage was a commercial failure.[9]
Later life
During the United States’ undeclared Quasi-War with France in the late 1790s Ingraham served as a naval officer.[10] There he was a lieutenant, last appearing on Navy Department records on June 14, 1799.[10] Joseph Ingraham was lost at sea in the fall of 1800 while serving on the USS Pickering.[2]
See also
References
- ^ American Prisoners of the Revolution: Names of 8000 Men. American Merchant Marine at War. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.
- ^ a b c Corning, Howard M. (1989) Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing. p. 124.
- ^ Joseph Ingraham, Joseph Ingraham's Journal of the Brigantine Hope on a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, Mark D. Kaplanoff (ed.), Barre (Massachusetts), Imprint Society, 1971.
- ^ a b c d e Hittell, Theodore Henry (1885). History of California. Occidental publishing co: v. 3-4:.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ a b c d e "Account of the Discovery of Seven Islands in the South Pacifick Ocean, by Capt. Joseph Ingraham". excerpts from the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society For the Year 1793. Vol. II. Cape Cod History. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b c Boggs, S. Whittemore (1938). American Contributions to Geographical Knowledge of the Central Pacific. Geographical Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 177-192. doi:10.2307/210470.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Howay, Frederic W. Voyages of the Columbia to the Northwest Coast. Boston: The Massachusetts Historical Society (1941), p. 355
- ^ Howay. p. 355
- ^ Lewis & Clark: Beyond the Allegheny Mountains. Library of Congress. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.