Active service unit

An active service unit (ASU) was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) cell of five to eight members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks. In 2002 the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.

An example of an active service unit at a Hunger Strike rally in Galbally, Tyrone 2009. This was part of a re-enactment. Note the weapons: an Armalite AR-18, a MAC-10 machine pistol (with silencer) and an AK-47 assault rifle.

In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the battalion structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary member for support activities such as intelligence gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.

The bulk of attacks from 1977 onwards were the responsibility of a second type of unit, the ASU. To improve security and operational capacity these ASUs were smaller, tight-knit cells, usually consisting of five to eight members, for carrying out armed attacks. The ASU's weapons were controlled by a quartermaster under the direct control of the IRA leadership. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was estimated that the IRA had roughly 300 members in ASUs and approximately 450 serving in supporting roles.

The exception to this reorganisation was the South Armagh Brigade which retained its traditional hierarchy and battalion structure and used relatively large numbers of volunteers in its actions. Some operations, like the attack on Cloghogue checkpoint or the South Armagh sniper squads, involved as many as 20 volunteers, most of them in supporting roles. During the Irish War of Independence "flying columns" were also referred to as "active service units" to differentiate them from local inactive units which gave them support (see Tom Barry, "Guerrilla Days In Ireland"). It is from this practice that the Provisional IRA took the name.

References

• O'Hearn, Denis. Bobby Sands: Nothing but an Unfinished Song, Pluto, ISBN 0-7453-2572-6
• Bell, J. Bowyer. The Secret Army - The IRA, 1997 3rd Edition, ISBN 1-85371-813-0
• Moloney Ed, The Secret History of the IRA, Penguin, London 2002, ISBN 0-141-01041-X
• O'Brien. Brendan, The Long War - The IRA and Sinn Féin. O'Brien Press, Dublin 1995, ISBN 0-86278-359-3
• Barry, Tom, "Guerrilla Days In Ireland."
• Augusteijn, Joost "From Public Defiance To Guerrilla Warfare", Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1996, pgs. 124-138. describing ASU's in the Irish War For Independence.