Dryopithecus: Difference between revisions
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| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|12|9}}<small>[[miocene]]</small> |
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| image = Dryopithecus fontani.jpg |
| image = Dryopithecus fontani.jpg |
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| image_caption = mandible fragment of ''Dryopithecus fontani'' from Saint-Gaudens, France (Middle Miocene, 11,5 My) ; cast from Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris |
| image_caption = mandible fragment of ''Dryopithecus fontani'' from Saint-Gaudens, France (Middle Miocene, 11,5 My) ; cast from Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris |
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Revision as of 04:26, 20 February 2011
| Dryopithecus Temporal range: miocene
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| mandible fragment of Dryopithecus fontani from Saint-Gaudens, France (Middle Miocene, 11,5 My) ; cast from Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris | |
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| Genus: | Dryopithecus† Lartet, 1856
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Dryopithecus was a genus of apes that is known from Eastern Africa into Eurasia the late Miocene period. The first species of Dryopithecus was discovered at the site of Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, France, in 1856.[1] Other dryopithecids have been found in Hungary,[2] Spain,[3] and China.[4]
Like Sivapithecus, Dryopithecus was suspensory, had a large brain, and a delayed development, but, unlike the former, it had a gracile jaw with thinly enameled molars and suspensory forelimbs; Begun 2004 notes that the similarities and differences between them provides insight into the timing and paleogeography of hominid origins and the phylogenetic divide between Asian and Afro-European great apes. [5]
Description
Dryopithecus was about 60 centimetres (24 in) in body length, and more closely resembled a monkey than a modern ape. The structure of its limbs and wrists show that it walked in a similar way to modern chimpanzees, but that it used the flat of its hands, like a monkey, rather than knuckle-walking, like modern apes.[6] Its face exhibited klinorhynchy, with its face being tilted downwards in profile.
It likely spent most of its life in trees, and was probably a brachiator, similar to modern orangutans and gibbons. Its molars had relatively little enamel, suggesting that it ate soft leaves and fruit, an ideal food for a tree-dwelling animal.[6]
The five-cusp and juvenile[7] fissure pattern of its molar teeth, known as the Y-5 arrangement, is typical of the dryopithecids and of hominoids in general.
Additional images
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Dryopithecus fontani jaw in front view at the Geological Museum, Copenhagen -
Jaw of Dryopithecus fontani
Notes
- ^ Pilbeam & Simons 1971
- ^ Kordos & Begun 2001
- ^ Harrison, Ribot & Gibert 1996
- ^ Xue & Delson 1989
- ^ Begun 2004, Abstract, Conclusions
- ^ a b Palmer 1999
- ^ Simons 1983
References
- Begun, David R. (2004). "Sivapithecus is east and Dryopithecus is west, and never the twain shall meet". Anthropological Science. doi:10.1537/ase.04S008.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Harrison, Terry; Ribot, F; Gibert, J (1996). "A reinterpretation of the taxonomy of Dryopithecus from Valles-Penedes, Catalonia (Spain)" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution (31): 129–141.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) Terry Harrison's faculty page - Kordos, László; Begun, David R. (2001). "A new cranium of Dryopithecus from Rudabánya, Hungary" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution (41): 689–700. doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0523.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Palmer, D, ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 292. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pilbeam, David; Simons, E. L. (1971). "Biological Sciences: Humerus of Dryopithecus from Saint Gaudens, France". Nature (229): 406–407. doi:10.1038/229406a0.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Simons, E. L.; Meinel, W. (1983). "Mandibular ontogeny in the miocene great apeDryopithecus". International Journal of Primatology. 4: 331–162. doi:10.1007/BF02735598.
- Xue, Xiang-Xu; Delson, Eric (1989). "A new species of Dryopithecus from Gansu, China" (PDF). Chinese Science Bulletin (34): 223–230.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
