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Follicular unit extraction (FUE) was first described by [[Masumi Inaba]] in Japan in Japan in 1988 who introduced the use of a 1-mm needle for extracting follicular units.<ref name="Papel2009">{{cite book|last=Papel|first=Ira D.|title=Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SeZXy1EBbzsC&pg=PA419|accessdate=5 June 2011|year=2009|publisher=Thieme|isbn=9781588905154|page=419}}</ref><ref name="PathomvanichImagawa2010">{{cite book|last1=Pathomvanich|first1=Damkerng|last2=Imagawa|first2=Kenichiro|title=Hair Restoration Surgery in Asians|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vd6ILG_cOjIC&pg=PA133|accessdate=5 June 2011|date=3 February 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=9784431996583|page=133}}</ref>Research into it was conducted throughout the 1990s. In 2002 it was first described in the medical literature by William R. Rassman and Robert M. Bernstein in their publication “Follicular Unit Extraction: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hair Transplantation.”<ref name="PathomvanichImagawa2010"/><ref name="Bernstein">{{cite web|url=http://www.bernsteinmedical.com/hair-transplant/follicular-unit-extraction/|title=Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)|publisher=Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>Robotic FUE devices were discussed at the 2007 meeting of the [[International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery]] (ISHRS), and research in robotic devices was presented by Dr. Miquen G. Canales and Dr. David Berman at the 2008 meeting of the ISHRS.<ref name="Bernstein2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bernsteinmedical.com/hair-transplant/follicular-unit-extraction/robotics/|title=Robotics in Follicular Unit Extraction|publisher=Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>Research was conducted by Restoration Robotics in [[Mountain View, California]] and the [[Berman Skin Institute]] in [[Palo Alto]] and found that follicles could be removed individually at a rate of up to 1000 per hour through the use of 1-mm hollow needles.<ref name="Bernstein2"/> Despite showing evidence of improvements in the transection rate versus the prior year's discussion, the findings suggested that transection at a rate of 6-15% was not low enough for general use in hair restoration procedures.
Follicular unit extraction (FUE) was first described by [[Masumi Inaba]] in Japan in Japan in 1988 who introduced the use of a 1-mm needle for extracting follicular units.<ref name="Papel2009">{{cite book|last=Papel|first=Ira D.|title=Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SeZXy1EBbzsC&pg=PA419|accessdate=5 June 2011|year=2009|publisher=Thieme|isbn=9781588905154|page=419}}</ref><ref name="PathomvanichImagawa2010">{{cite book|last1=Pathomvanich|first1=Damkerng|last2=Imagawa|first2=Kenichiro|title=Hair Restoration Surgery in Asians|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vd6ILG_cOjIC&pg=PA133|accessdate=5 June 2011|date=3 February 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=9784431996583|page=133}}</ref>Research into it was conducted throughout the 1990s. In 2002 it was first described in the medical literature by William R. Rassman and Robert M. Bernstein in their publication “Follicular Unit Extraction: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hair Transplantation.”<ref name="PathomvanichImagawa2010"/><ref name="Bernstein">{{cite web|url=http://www.bernsteinmedical.com/hair-transplant/follicular-unit-extraction/|title=Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)|publisher=Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>Robotic FUE devices were discussed at the 2007 meeting of the [[International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery]] (ISHRS), and research in robotic devices was presented by Dr. Miquen G. Canales and Dr. David Berman at the 2008 meeting of the ISHRS.<ref name="Bernstein2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bernsteinmedical.com/hair-transplant/follicular-unit-extraction/robotics/|title=Robotics in Follicular Unit Extraction|publisher=Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>Research was conducted by Restoration Robotics in [[Mountain View, California]] and the [[Berman Skin Institute]] in [[Palo Alto]] and found that follicles could be removed individually at a rate of up to 1000 per hour through the use of 1-mm hollow needles.<ref name="Bernstein2"/> Despite showing evidence of improvements in the transection rate versus the prior year's discussion, the findings suggested that transection at a rate of 6-15% was not low enough for general use in hair restoration procedures.


The Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration pioneered follicular unit extraction into practice, named after Robert M. Bernstein, a Clinical Professor of Dermatology at [[Columbia University]] in New York who conducted research into hair transplantation with Rassman in the from the mid 1990s, finally publishing their findings in 2002.<ref name="RassmanBernstein2008">{{cite book|author1=William R. Rassman|author2=Robert Bernstein|title=Hair Loss and Replacement For Dummies|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kkyYOx63Z_YC&pg=PA201|accessdate=5 June 2011|date=14 November 2008|publisher=For Dummies|isbn=9780470087879|pages=201–}}</ref><ref name="HaberStough2007">{{cite book|last1=Haber|first1=Robert S.|last2=Stough|first2=Dowling Bluford|title=Trasplante de pelo|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZrG9OfBSmI0C&pg=PA97|accessdate=5 June 2011|year=2007|publisher=Elsevier España|isbn=9788480862004|page=97}}</ref> Bernstein's medical publications have revolutionized hair transplantation and have since been used by other surgeons around the world to open clinics specializing in FUE.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernsteinmedical.com/|title=Robert M. Bernstein|publisher=Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> However, it remains in the early stages of development on the world stage. There are still extremely few surgeons and practices which have mastered Follicular unit extraction because the procedure takes considerable time and expense to learn and to develop skills to a high standard.<ref name="RassmanBernstein2008"/>As of 2011, The Harley Street Hair Clinic in Westminister, London is the only hair loss clinic in the United Kingdom that specialises in follicular transfer (FT).<ref name="HSG">{{cite web|url=http://www.harleystreetguide.co.uk/services/hair-clinics/harley-street-hair-clinic/|title=Harley Street Hair Clinic|publisher=Harley Street Guide|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hshairclinic.co.uk/|title=Harley Street Hair Clinic|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref>It has served some notable celebrities such as [[Wayne Rooney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1394228/United-striker-Wayne-Rooney-visits-baldness-clinic.html#ixzz1OK7AEKUU|title=Hair we go! Rooney visits Harley Street baldness clinic for hair transplant|publisher=''[[Daily Mail]]''|date=4 June 2011|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref>
There are still extremely few surgeons and practices which have mastered Follicular unit extraction because the procedure takes considerable time and expense to learn and to develop skills to a high standard.<ref name="RassmanBernstein2008"/>As of 2011, The Harley Street Hair Clinic in Westminister, London is the only hair loss clinic in the United Kingdom that specialises in follicular transfer (FT).<ref name="HSG">{{cite web|url=http://www.harleystreetguide.co.uk/services/hair-clinics/harley-street-hair-clinic/|title=Harley Street Hair Clinic|publisher=Harley Street Guide|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hshairclinic.co.uk/|title=Harley Street Hair Clinic|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref>It has served some notable celebrities such as [[Wayne Rooney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1394228/United-striker-Wayne-Rooney-visits-baldness-clinic.html#ixzz1OK7AEKUU|title=Hair we go! Rooney visits Harley Street baldness clinic for hair transplant|publisher=''[[Daily Mail]]''|date=4 June 2011|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref>


==Follicular unit survival==
==Follicular unit survival==

Revision as of 23:56, 8 June 2011

Follicular unit extraction (FUE), also known as follicular transfer (FT), is one of two primary methods of obtaining follicular units, naturally-occurring groups of one to four hairs, for hair transplantation.[1] The other method is called strip harvesting.[1] In FUE harvesting, individual follicular units are extracted directly from the hair restoration patient's donor area, ideally one at a time. This differs from strip-harvesting because, in strip harvesting, a strip of skin is removed from the patient and then dissected into many individual follicular units. The follicular units obtained by either method are the basic building blocks of follicular unit transplantation (FUT).

History and research

Follicular unit extraction (FUE) was first described by Masumi Inaba in Japan in Japan in 1988 who introduced the use of a 1-mm needle for extracting follicular units.[2][3]Research into it was conducted throughout the 1990s. In 2002 it was first described in the medical literature by William R. Rassman and Robert M. Bernstein in their publication “Follicular Unit Extraction: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hair Transplantation.”[3][4]Robotic FUE devices were discussed at the 2007 meeting of the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery (ISHRS), and research in robotic devices was presented by Dr. Miquen G. Canales and Dr. David Berman at the 2008 meeting of the ISHRS.[5]Research was conducted by Restoration Robotics in Mountain View, California and the Berman Skin Institute in Palo Alto and found that follicles could be removed individually at a rate of up to 1000 per hour through the use of 1-mm hollow needles.[5] Despite showing evidence of improvements in the transection rate versus the prior year's discussion, the findings suggested that transection at a rate of 6-15% was not low enough for general use in hair restoration procedures.

There are still extremely few surgeons and practices which have mastered Follicular unit extraction because the procedure takes considerable time and expense to learn and to develop skills to a high standard.[6]As of 2011, The Harley Street Hair Clinic in Westminister, London is the only hair loss clinic in the United Kingdom that specialises in follicular transfer (FT).[7][8]It has served some notable celebrities such as Wayne Rooney.[9]

Follicular unit survival

The survival of follicular units upon extraction from the scalp is one of the key variables of successful hair transplantation. If follicular units are transected in the extraction process, there is a greater likelihood that they will not survive the transplant, and the hair transplant will fail. While FUT procures using strip-harvesting of follicular units typically guarantees a large number of non-transected follicular units, FUE procedures can, and often do, transect grafts, rendering them useless in a transplant.[10] Significant efforts have been made to reduce the rate of transection in FUE procedures. The skill of the surgeon and his/her team, and the type of instrumentation used, are major factors in the ultimate yield and viability of the follicular units.

Scarring

FUE harvesting of grafts causes "pit" scarring;[11] small, round, and typically white scars; in the patient's donor area where the grafts have been removed.[12] FUE scarring differs from scarring from strip harvesting in that the latter procedure produces a linear scar in the donor area where the strip of skin was removed. Both the pit scarring from FUE and linear scar from strip harvesting are often hard to detect when hair in the donor area is at a normal length and the extraction is performed by a skilled surgeon. While the outcome of the healing process, and thus the appearance of scar tissue, depends on several variables; including the type of extraction, the skill of the surgeon, and, in strip harvesting, the method of wound closure; in both FUE and FUT, short cropped hair or a shaved head will typically reveal some scarring.

Comparisons with Follicular unit transplantation

Follicular unit extraction generally has a quicker patient recovery time and significantly lower post-operative discomfort than follicular unit transplantation (FUT). FUE provides an alternative to FUT when the scalp is too tight for a strip excision and enables a hair transplant surgeon to harvest finer hair from the nape of the neck to be used at the hairline or for eyebrows.[11][13]

However, with FUE, the follicles are harvested from a much greater area of the donor zone compared to FUT, estaimated to be eight times greater than that of traditional strip excision so requires patients to have hairs trimmed in a much larger donor area.[14] As a result, the hair in the lower and upper parts of the donor area, where the grafts were taken from, may thin and this can make the donor scars visible.[4] Follicles harvested from borderline areas of the donor region may not be truly “permanent,” so that over time, the transplanted hair may be lost.[4]Maximum follicular unit graft yield is lower than with FUT and may result in greater follicular transection (damage).[4] Due to the scarring and distortion of the donor scalp from FUE it makes subsequent sessions more difficult, and grafts are more fragile and subject to trauma during placing, since they often lack the protective dermis and fat of microscopically dissected grafts,[15] ultimately which may result in poor growth.[4] A problem of buried grafts can occur during the blunt phase of the three-step technique when the graft is pushed into fat and must be removed through a small incision.[4] FUE can also more expensive and take longer to perform than FUT, so grafts are usually out of the body longer, risking sub-optimal growth.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Avram, Marc R.; Rogers, Nicole E. (31 December 2009). Hair Transplantation. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780521879675. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  2. ^ Papel, Ira D. (2009). Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Thieme. p. 419. ISBN 9781588905154. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  3. ^ a b Pathomvanich, Damkerng; Imagawa, Kenichiro (3 February 2010). Hair Restoration Surgery in Asians. Springer. p. 133. ISBN 9784431996583. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)". Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Robotics in Follicular Unit Extraction". Bernstein Medical Center for Hair Restoration. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference RassmanBernstein2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Harley Street Hair Clinic". Harley Street Guide. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  8. ^ "Harley Street Hair Clinic". Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  9. ^ "Hair we go! Rooney visits Harley Street baldness clinic for hair transplant". Daily Mail. 4 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ Rusciani - Robins; Luigi Rusciani; Perry Robins (2008). Textbook of dermatologic surgery. PICCIN. p. 815. ISBN 9788829918980. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  11. ^ a b Haber, Robert S.; Stough, Dowling Bluford (2006). Hair Transplantation. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 133. ISBN 9781416031048. Retrieved 5 June 2011. Cite error: The named reference "HaberStough2006" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  12. ^ Trüeb, Ralph M.; Tobin, Desmond J. (28 May 2010). Aging Hair. Springer. p. 215. ISBN 9783642026355. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  13. ^ Thomas, J. Regan (September 2009). Advanced Therapy in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. PMPH-USA. p. 531. ISBN 9781607950110. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  14. ^ Truswell, William (15 November 2008). Surgical Facial Rejuvenation: A Roadmap to Safe and Reliable Outcomes. Thieme. p. 162. ISBN 9781588904911. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  15. ^ Armani, Antonio Alvi (1999). How to Beat Hair Loss: The Complete Guide to Surgical, Medical, and Alternative Treatments for Hair Loss. Redom Books. p. 95. ISBN 9780968389812. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  • Publication
  • Official ISHRS Position Paper on FUE vs Strip Harvesting [1]
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