DNA and RNA codon tables: Difference between revisions
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:{{note label|methionine|A|A}} The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in |
:{{note label|methionine|A|A}} The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in an [[DNA]]'s coding region is where translation into protein begins.<ref name="pmid19056476">{{cite journal | author = Nakamoto T | title = Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis | journal = Gene | volume = 432 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 1–6 | year = 2009 | month = March | pmid = 19056476 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001 | url = | issn = }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 15:22, 19 September 2011
The genetic code is traditionally represented as a RNA codon table due to the biochemical nature of the protein translation process. However, with the rise of computational biology and genomics, proteins have become increasingly studied at a genomic level. As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a DNA codon table has become more popular. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged at a 5' → 3' directionality.
| nonpolar | polar | basic | acidic | (stop codon) |
| 2nd base | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | A | G | ||||||
| 1st base | T | TTT | (Phe/F) Phenylalanine | TCT | (Ser/S) Serine | TAT | (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine | TGT | (Cys/C) Cysteine |
| TTC | (Phe/F) Phenylalanine | TCC | (Ser/S) Serine | TAC | (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine | TGC | (Cys/C) Cysteine | ||
| TTA | (Leu/L) Leucine | TCA | (Ser/S) Serine | TAA | Stop (Ochre) | TGA | Stop (Opal) | ||
| TTG | (Leu/L) Leucine | TCG | (Ser/S) Serine | TAG | Stop (Amber) | TGG | (Trp/W) Tryptophan | ||
| C | CTT | (Leu/L) Leucine | CCT | (Pro/P) Proline | CAT | (His/H) Histidine | CGT | (Arg/R) Arginine | |
| CTC | (Leu/L) Leucine | CCC | (Pro/P) Proline | CAC | (His/H) Histidine | CGC | (Arg/R) Arginine | ||
| CTA | (Leu/L) Leucine | CCA | (Pro/P) Proline | CAA | (Gln/Q) Glutamine | CGA | (Arg/R) Arginine | ||
| CTG | (Leu/L) Leucine | CCG | (Pro/P) Proline | CAG | (Gln/Q) Glutamine | CGG | (Arg/R) Arginine | ||
| A | ATT | (Ile/I) Isoleucine | ACT | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAT | (Asn/N) Asparagine | AGT | (Ser/S) Serine | |
| ATC | (Ile/I) Isoleucine | ACC | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAC | (Asn/N) Asparagine | AGC | (Ser/S) Serine | ||
| ATA | (Ile/I) Isoleucine | ACA | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAA | (Lys/K) Lysine | AGA | (Arg/R) Arginine | ||
| ATG[A] | (Met/M) Methionine | ACG | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAG | (Lys/K) Lysine | AGG | (Arg/R) Arginine | ||
| G | GTT | (Val/V) Valine | GCT | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAT | (Asp/D) Aspartic acid | GGT | (Gly/G) Glycine | |
| GTC | (Val/V) Valine | GCC | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAC | (Asp/D) Aspartic acid | GGC | (Gly/G) Glycine | ||
| GTA | (Val/V) Valine | GCA | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAA | (Glu/E) Glutamic acid | GGA | (Gly/G) Glycine | ||
| GTG | (Val/V) Valine | GCG | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAG | (Glu/E) Glutamic acid | GGG | (Gly/G) Glycine | ||
- A The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in an DNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins.[1]
| Amino Acid/Signal | Codons | Amino Acid/Signal | Codons |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG | C | TGT, TGC |
| D | GAT, GAC | E | GAA, GAG |
| F | TTT, TTC | G | GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG |
| H | CAT, CAC | I | ATT, ATC, ATA |
| K | AAA, AAG | L | TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG |
| M | ATG | N | AAT, AAC |
| P | CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG | Q | CAA, CAG |
| R | CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG | S | TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC |
| T | ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG | V | GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG |
| W | TGG | Y | TAT, TAC |
| START | ATG | STOP | TAA, TGA, TAG |
See also
References
- ^ Nakamoto T (2009). "Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis". Gene. 432 (1–2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001. PMID 19056476.
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