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DNA and RNA codon tables: Difference between revisions

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The [[genetic code]] is traditionally represented as a RNA codon table due to the biochemical nature of the [[translation (genetics)|protein translation]] process. RNA, however, substitutes uracil(U) for thymine(T) as one of its nucleotides, which is one of the main differences between RNA and DNA. However, with the rise of computational biology and genomics, proteins have become increasingly studied at a genomic level. As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a '''DNA codon table''' has become more popular. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the [[Sense (molecular biology)|sense DNA strand]] and are arranged at a [[Directionality (molecular biology)|5' → 3' directionality]].
The [[genetic code]] is traditionally represented as a RNA codon table due to the biochemical nature of the [[translation (genetics)|protein translation]] process. However, with the rise of computational biology and genomics, proteins have become increasingly studied at a genomic level. As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a '''DNA codon table''' has become more popular. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the [[Sense (molecular biology)|sense DNA strand]] and are arranged at a [[Directionality (molecular biology)|5' → 3' directionality]].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! colspan="8" | 2nd base
! colspan="8" | 2nd base
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | U
! colspan="2" | T
! colspan="2" | C
! colspan="2" | C
! colspan="2" | A
! colspan="2" | A
Line 23: Line 23:


! rowspan="16" | 1st base
! rowspan="16" | 1st base
! rowspan="4" | U
! rowspan="4" | T
|UUU
|TTT
| style="background:#ffe75f;" | (Phe/F) [[Phenylalanine]]
| style="background:#ffe75f;" | (Phe/F) [[Phenylalanine]]
|UUC
|TCT
| style="background:#b3dec0;" | (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
| style="background:#b3dec0;" | (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
|UUA
|TAT
| style="background:#b3dec0;" | (Tyr/Y) [[Tyrosine]]
| style="background:#b3dec0;" | (Tyr/Y) [[Tyrosine]]
|UUG
|TGT
| style="background:#b3dec0;" | (Cys/C) [[Cysteine]]
| style="background:#b3dec0;" | (Cys/C) [[Cysteine]]
|-
|-

Revision as of 00:36, 21 September 2011

The genetic code is traditionally represented as a RNA codon table due to the biochemical nature of the protein translation process. However, with the rise of computational biology and genomics, proteins have become increasingly studied at a genomic level. As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a DNA codon table has become more popular. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged at a 5' → 3' directionality.

nonpolar polar basic acidic (stop codon)
  2nd base
T C A G
1st base T TTT (Phe/F) Phenylalanine TCT (Ser/S) Serine TAT (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine TGT (Cys/C) Cysteine
TTC (Phe/F) Phenylalanine TCC (Ser/S) Serine TAC (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine TGC (Cys/C) Cysteine
TTA (Leu/L) Leucine TCA (Ser/S) Serine TAA Stop (Ochre) TGA Stop (Opal)
TTG (Leu/L) Leucine TCG (Ser/S) Serine TAG Stop (Amber) TGG (Trp/W) Tryptophan    
C CTT (Leu/L) Leucine CCT (Pro/P) Proline CAT (His/H) Histidine CGT (Arg/R) Arginine
CTC (Leu/L) Leucine CCC (Pro/P) Proline CAC (His/H) Histidine CGC (Arg/R) Arginine
CTA (Leu/L) Leucine CCA (Pro/P) Proline CAA (Gln/Q) Glutamine CGA (Arg/R) Arginine
CTG (Leu/L) Leucine CCG (Pro/P) Proline CAG (Gln/Q) Glutamine CGG (Arg/R) Arginine
A ATT (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACT (Thr/T) Threonine         AAT (Asn/N) Asparagine AGT (Ser/S) Serine
ATC (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACC (Thr/T) Threonine AAC (Asn/N) Asparagine AGC (Ser/S) Serine
ATA (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACA (Thr/T) Threonine AAA (Lys/K) Lysine AGA (Arg/R) Arginine
ATG[A] (Met/M) Methionine ACG (Thr/T) Threonine AAG (Lys/K) Lysine AGG (Arg/R) Arginine
G GTT (Val/V) Valine GCT (Ala/A) Alanine GAT (Asp/D) Aspartic acid GGT (Gly/G) Glycine
GTC (Val/V) Valine GCC (Ala/A) Alanine GAC (Asp/D) Aspartic acid GGC (Gly/G) Glycine
GTA (Val/V) Valine GCA (Ala/A) Alanine GAA (Glu/E) Glutamic acid GGA (Gly/G) Glycine
GTG (Val/V) Valine GCG (Ala/A) Alanine GAG (Glu/E) Glutamic acid GGG (Gly/G) Glycine
A The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in a DNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins.[1]
A Mapping of Amino Acids and Stop Signals to DNA Codons
Amino Acid/Signal Codons Amino Acid/Signal Codons
A GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG C TGT, TGC
D GAT, GAC E GAA, GAG
F TTT, TTC G GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG
H CAT, CAC I ATT, ATC, ATA
K AAA, AAG L TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG
M ATG N AAT, AAC
P CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG Q CAA, CAG
R CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG S TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC
T ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG V GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG
W TGG Y TAT, TAC
START ATG STOP TAA, TGA, TAG

See also

References

  1. ^ Nakamoto T (2009). "Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis". Gene. 432 (1–2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001. PMID 19056476. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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