Joseph Proust: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person| |
{{Infobox person| |
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name=Joseph |
name=Joseph Proust |
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|image=Proust_joseph.jpg| |
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quotation=unknown| |
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birth_name=Joseph Louis Proust| |
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birth_date={{birth date|1754|9|26|mf=y}} | |
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birth_place= [[Angers]], [[France]]| |
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dead=dead | |
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death_date={{death date and age|1826|7|5|1754|9|26|mf=y}} | |
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death_place=Angers, France | |
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occupation=Chemist| |
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}} |
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'''Joseph Louis Proust''' (September 26, 1754 – July 5, 1826) was a [[French people|French]] [[chemist]]. |
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==Life== |
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Joseph L. Proust was born on September 26, 1754 in [[Angers]], [[France]]. His father served as an apothecary in Angers. Joseph studied chemistry in his father’s shop and later came to Paris where he gained the appointment of apothecary in chief to the Salpetriere [http://55.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PR/PROUST_JOSEPH_LOUIS.htm]{{Dead link|date=August 2011}}. He also taught chemistry with [[Pilâtre de Rozier]], a famous aeronaut. |
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Under [[Carlos IV]]'s influence Proust went to [[Spain]]. There he taught at the Chemistry School in [[Segovia]] and at the [[University of Salamanca]]. |
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But when Napoleon invaded Spain, they burned Proust's laboratory and forced him back to France. On July 5 1826 he died in Angers, [[France]]. |
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Proust's best known work was derived from a controversy with chemist [[C.L. Berthollet]]. Berthollet did not believe that substances always combine in [[Law of definite proportions|constant and definite proportions]] as Proust did. Proust eventually was able to prove Berthollet wrong in 1799 and published his own hypothesis. |
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==Chemistry studies== |
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Proust’s largest accomplishment into the realm of science was disproving Berthollet with the [[law of definite proportions]], which is sometimes also known as Proust's Law. Proust studied copper carbonate, the two tin oxides,and the two iron sulfides to prove this law. He did this by making artificial [[copper]] carbonate and comparing it to natural copper carbonate. With this he showed that each had the same proportion of weights between the three elements involved ([[Copper|Cu]], [[Carbon|C]], [[Oxygen|O]]). Between the two types of the other [[Chemical compound|compounds]], Proust showed that no intermediate indeterminate compounds exist between them. Proust published this paper in 1794, but the law was not accepted until 1811, when the Swedish chemist [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]] gave him credit for it. |
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There are, however, exceptions to the [[Law of Definite Proportions]]. An entire class of substances does not follow this rule. The compounds are called [[non-stoichiometric compound]]s, or Berthollides, after Berthollet. The ratio of the elements present in the compound can fluctuate within certain limits, such as in the example of [[Ferrous oxide]]. The ideal formula is FeO, but due to [[crystallography|crystallographic]] vacancies it is reduced to about Fe<sub>0.95</sub>O. |
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Proust was also interested in studying the sugars that are present in sweet vegetables and fruits. In 1799, Proust demonstrated, to his class in [[Madrid]], how the sugar in [[grapes]] is identical to that found in [[honey]]. This later became known as [[glucose]]. |
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==External links== |
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{{Wikisource1911Enc|Proust, Joseph Louis}} |
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* [http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0059.html Joseph Louis Proust (1754 – 1826)] |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> |
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|NAME = Proust, Joseph Louis |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION = French chemist |
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|DATE OF BIRTH = September 26, 1754 |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH = Angers, France |
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|DATE OF DEATH = July 5, 1826 |
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|PLACE OF DEATH = Angers, France |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Proust, Joseph Louis}} |
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[[Category:1754 births]] |
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[[Category:1826 deaths]] |
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[[Category:French chemists]] |
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[[az:Cozef Lui Prust]] |
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[[be:Жазеф Луі Пруст]] |
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[[bg:Жозеф Пруст]] |
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[[ca:Joseph Louis Proust]] |
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[[de:Joseph Louis Proust]] |
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[[et:Joseph Louis Proust]] |
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[[el:Ζοζέφ Προυστ]] |
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[[es:Louis Proust]] |
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[[fr:Joseph Louis Proust]] |
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[[ko:조제프 루이 프루스트]] |
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[[it:Joseph Proust]] |
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[[kk:Жозеф Луи Пруст]] |
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[[lv:Žozefs Prusts]] |
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[[nl:Louis Joseph Proust]] |
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[[ja:ジョゼフ・プルースト]] |
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[[pl:Joseph Proust]] |
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[[pt:Joseph Louis Proust]] |
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[[ru:Пруст, Жозеф Луи]] |
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[[sv:Joseph Louis Proust]] |
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[[uk:Жозеф Пруст]] |
[[uk:Жозеф Пруст]] |
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[[zh:约瑟夫·普鲁斯特]] |
[[zh:约瑟夫·普鲁斯特]] |
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Revision as of 17:53, 7 October 2011
Joseph Proust | |
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 | |
| Born | Joseph Louis Proust September 26, 1754 |
| Died | July 5, 1826 (aged 71) Angers, France |
| Occupation | Chemist |
Joseph Louis Proust (September 26, 1754 – July 5, 1826) was a French chemist.
Life
Joseph L. Proust was born on September 26, 1754 in Angers, France. His father served as an apothecary in Angers. Joseph studied chemistry in his father’s shop and later came to Paris where he gained the appointment of apothecary in chief to the Salpetriere [1][dead link]. He also taught chemistry with Pilâtre de Rozier, a famous aeronaut.
Under Carlos IV's influence Proust went to Spain. There he taught at the Chemistry School in Segovia and at the University of Salamanca. But when Napoleon invaded Spain, they burned Proust's laboratory and forced him back to France. On July 5 1826 he died in Angers, France.
Proust's best known work was derived from a controversy with chemist C.L. Berthollet. Berthollet did not believe that substances always combine in constant and definite proportions as Proust did. Proust eventually was able to prove Berthollet wrong in 1799 and published his own hypothesis.
Chemistry studies
Proust’s largest accomplishment into the realm of science was disproving Berthollet with the law of definite proportions, which is sometimes also known as Proust's Law. Proust studied copper carbonate, the two tin oxides,and the two iron sulfides to prove this law. He did this by making artificial copper carbonate and comparing it to natural copper carbonate. With this he showed that each had the same proportion of weights between the three elements involved (Cu, C, O). Between the two types of the other compounds, Proust showed that no intermediate indeterminate compounds exist between them. Proust published this paper in 1794, but the law was not accepted until 1811, when the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius gave him credit for it.
There are, however, exceptions to the Law of Definite Proportions. An entire class of substances does not follow this rule. The compounds are called non-stoichiometric compounds, or Berthollides, after Berthollet. The ratio of the elements present in the compound can fluctuate within certain limits, such as in the example of Ferrous oxide. The ideal formula is FeO, but due to crystallographic vacancies it is reduced to about Fe0.95O.
Proust was also interested in studying the sugars that are present in sweet vegetables and fruits. In 1799, Proust demonstrated, to his class in Madrid, how the sugar in grapes is identical to that found in honey. This later became known as glucose.
External links
