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==References==
==References==

{{Reflist}}

<noinclude>{{Template reference list}}</noinclude
<noinclude>{{Template reference list}}</noinclude


Revision as of 02:38, 23 March 2012


The Brown-Peterson task is one of the most commonly used methods for testing short-term memory[1]

Brown Peterson Task -brown-peterson task is widely used in clinical neuropsychology to test for short term memory and also be used to understand working memory -method: individuals asked to recall items on a list after they have delays in which they perform an interference task such as mental addition -the reason for the delayed interference task is because it requires mental rehearsal which causes a delay in recall performance. This delayed interference task also has an impact on the forgetting function -other effects on recall: the more complex the interference task; the lower the number of items that can be recalled from the list -brown Peterson task has also been used to test short term memory in relation to educational level and age -in a particular study: education level was related to performance on the brown-peterson task. Individuals with a lower education level reported fewer items compared to those with a high education level -the impact of education was related to the type of interference task. For example, individuals with a higher education level were less likely to be affected by difficult cognitive tasks compared to those with a low education level. -Age did not have an affect on the brown-peterson task in this experiment. However, previous studies have produced both negative and positive results with relation to age on the brown-Peterson task.[2] --brown Peterson task reveals that there is a short term and long term memory component for retrieval performance[3]

Age Differences in Performance on BP task -age differences had an effect on the brown-peterson task only when recall required secondary memory: -primary memory: recall following a 3 second delay -secondary memory: recall following an 18 second delay -the effect of secondary memory demonstrates that older adults have worse recall than younger adults. It is important to note that this effect is not caused by an increase in the rate of forgetting by primary memory[4] 

Implications

- the brown Peterson task was modified to test working memory in amnesic patients. -the modified brown Peterson task: amnesic patients were presented with either a high or low frequency word or non-word, for 4-8 seconds -working memory may be impaired in amnesia for tasks that require recalling novel/new stimuli, but working memory will remain intact for information that is familiar and easy to remember.[5]

-alzheimer patients in the BP task is due to trouble renewing or updates information in working memory, which means that there are problems in the central executive -types of errors: confusions, perservations, omissions, order alterations -rate of forgetfulness across control group and Alzheimer patients was similar*[6]


Previous Research: -previous studies have shown that exercise have an affect on specific types of cognitive performance such as reaction time, visual search, mathematics and decision making -there is less evidence that exercise facilitates memory -in this particular experiment, individuals completed the brown-peterson task prior to and following 40 minutes of aerobic exercise. Their performance on this task did not change.[7]

-previous research has shown that patients with schizophrenia have deficits in processes that are linked to working memory. -modified BP task used to compare individuals with schizophrenia vs control group -rapid decline in schizo patients→ coarticulation, more intrusion errors[8]







References

  1. ^ Sebastian, Maria V. (2001). "Patterns of errors in short-term forgetting in AD and ageing". Memory. 9 (4–6): 223–231. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Bherer, Louis (2001). "Education, age, and the Brown-Peterson technique". Developmental Neuropsychology. 19 (3): 237–251. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Murray, D.J. (1978). "Failure of "automatic" in the Brown-Peterson paradigm". Canadian Journal of Psychology. 32 (3): 189–192. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Floden, Darlene (2000). "Age differences in performance on two versions of the Brown-Peterson task". Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. 7 (4): 245–259. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Rose, Nathan S. (2012). "Working memory and amnesia: The role of stimulus novelty". Neuropsychologia. 50 (1): 11–18. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Sebastian, Maria V. (2001). "Patterns of errors in short-term forgetting in AD and ageing". Memory. 9 (4–6): 223–231. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Tomporowski, Phillip D (2006). "Short-term effects of aerobic exercise on executive processing, memory, and emotional reactivity". International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 4 (1): 57–72. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Fleming, Kirsten (1995). "Verbal working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: Use of a Brown-Peterson paradigm". Psychiatry Research. 56 (2). {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.

Bherer, Louis (2001). "Education, age, and the Brown-Peterson technique". Developmental Neuropsychology. 19 (3): 237–251. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)</ref>

  1. ^ Burns, Daniel (Summer). "The Simultaneous Acquisition Effect: Simultaneous Task Learning Inhibits Memory For Order". The American Journal of Psych. 117 (2): 229–248. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  2. ^ Fleming, Kirsten (1995). "Verbal working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: Use of a Brown-Peterson paradigm". Psychiatry Research. 56 (2). {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Floden, Darlene (2000). "Age differences in performance on two versions of the Brown-Peterson task". Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. 7 (4): 245–259. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Jarold, Christopher (2012). "The nature and position of processing determines why forgetting occurs in working memory tasks". Psychodynamic Bulletin Review. 17 (6). {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Lee, Ying-Lien (2010). "The effects of congruency between sound-source location and verbal message semantics of in-vehicle navigation systems". Safety Science. 48 (6): 708–713. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ McKeown, Martin J (1998). "Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components". Human Brain mapping. 6 (3): 160–188. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Messier, Claude (2010). "Effect of age and glucoregulation on cognitive performance". Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 32 (8): 809–821. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Murray, D.J. (1978). "Failure of "automatic" in the Brown-Peterson paradigm". Canadian Journal of Psychology. 32 (3): 189–192. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Pucket, James M. (1989). "Absence of adult age differences in forgetting in the Brown-Peterson Task". Act Psychologia. 2 (2): 159–175. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Rose, Nathan S. (2012). "Working memory and amnesia: The role of stimulus novelty". Neuropsychologia. 50 (1): 11–18. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Sebastian, Maria V. (2001). "Patterns of errors in short-term forgetting in AD and ageing". Memory. 9 (4–6): 223–231. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Sebastian, Maria V. (2006). "Attentional dysfunction of the central executive in AD: Evidence from dual task and preservation erors". Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behaviour. 42 (7): 1015–1020. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Sebastian, Maria V. (2010). "A comparison of memory and executive functions in Alzheimers disease and the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia". Piscothema. 22 (3): 424–429. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Sebrechets, Marc M. (1989). "Secondary memory and very rapid forgetting". Memory & Cognition. 17 (6): 693–700. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Tomporowski, Phillip D (2006). "Short-term effects of aerobic exercise on executive processing, memory, and emotional reactivity". International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 4 (1): 57–72. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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