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-{{Taxobox
-| name = Blue monkey<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=157|id=12100475}}</ref>
-| status = LC
-| status_system = iucn3.1
-| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessors=Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T. M., Lawes, M. J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y.|year=2008|id=4221|title=Cercopithecus mitis|downloaded=4 January 2009}}</ref>
-| image = Blue monkey relaxing.jpg
-| image_caption = Blue monkey in [[Arusha National Park]], [[Tanzania]].
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
-| ordo = [[Primate]]s
-| familia = [[Cercopithecidae]]
-| genus = ''[[Cercopithecus]]''
-| species = '''''C. mitis'''''
-| binomial = ''Cercopithecus mitis''
-| binomial_authority = [[Johann Wolf|Wolf]], 1822
-| range_map = World cercopithecus mitis.png
-| range_map_caption = Range map (note: includes the range of the closely related [[Sykes' monkey|Sykes']], [[silver monkey|silver]], and [[golden monkey]])
-| subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]]
-| subdivision = 6, see text
-}}
-The '''blue monkey''' or '''diademed monkey''' (''Cercopithecus mitis'') is a species of [[Old World monkey]]<ref name=Forster>{{cite journal |last1=Förster |first1=Steffen |last2=Cords |first2=Marina |year=2005 |title=Socialization of infant blue monkeys (''Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni''): Allomaternal interactions and sex differences |journal=Behaviour |volume=142 |issue=7 |pages=869–896 |doi=10.1163/1568539055010138 }}</ref><ref>Hutchins, M., Kleiman, G.D., Geist, V., McDada, M.C. 2004. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. 14:2. Gale Group.</ref> native to [[Central Africa|Central]] and [[East Africa]], ranging from the upper [[Congo River]] basin east to the [[East African Rift]] and south to northern [[Angola]] and [[Zambia]]. It sometimes includes the [[Sykes' monkey|Sykes']], [[Silver monkey|silver]], and [[golden monkey]] as [[subspecies]].<ref name=MSW3/>
-==Subspecies==
-Several [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=MSW3/>
-* ''[[Cercopithecus mitis mitis]]'' – Pluto monkey, found in [[Angola]]
-* ''[[Cercopithecus mitis heymansi]]''
-* ''[[Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni]]'' – Stuhlmann's blue monkey
-* ''[[Cercopithecus mitis elgonis]]'' – Elgon blue monkey
-* ''[[Cercopithecus mitis botourlinii]]''
-* ''[[Cercopithecus mitis opitsthosticus]]''
-At times some of these have been regarded as full species, additional subspecies have been considered valid, while others are not recognized by all authorities.
-==Description==
-[[Image:Blue Monkey, Lake Manyara.jpg|thumb|left|By stream in [[Lake Manyara National Park]], [[Tanzania]]]]
-Despite its name, the blue monkey is not noticeably blue: it has little hair on its face, and this does sometimes give a blue appearance, but it never has the vivid blue appearance of a [[mandrill]], for example. It is mainly [[olive (color)|olive]] or grey apart from the face (which is dark with a pale or yellowish patch on the forehead - the "diadem" from which the species derives its common name), the blackish cap, feet and front legs, and the mantle, which is brown, olive or grey depending on the subspecies. Typical sizes are from 50 to 65&nbsp;cm in length (not including the [[tail]], which is almost as long as the rest of the animal), with females weighing a little over 4&nbsp;kg and males up to 8&nbsp;kg.
-==Habitat==
-The blue monkey is found in [[evergreen]] forests and montane [[bamboo]] forests, and lives largely in the forest canopy, coming to the ground infrequently. It is very dependent on humid, shady areas with plenty of water. It eats mainly [[fruit]] and leaves, but will take some slower-moving invertebrates. It prefers to live in tall trees which provide both food and shelter, and is therefore, like almost all guenons, suffering from the loss of its natural habitat. Where pine plantations replace natural forest, the monkey may be treated as a threat by foresters, since it sometimes strips the bark from exotic trees in a search for food or moisture. It is also hunted for bushmeat.
-==Social structure==
-<!-- inline references added. Cords 2001 was replaced with Cords 2002 ref. -->
-The blue monkeys live in female-[[Philopatry|philopatric]] social systems where females stay in their natal groups while males disperse once they reach adulthood.<ref name=Forster/> As a result, blue monkey groups usually consist of one male with several females and infants, giving rise to matrilinear societies.<ref name=Forster/><ref name=Cords86/><ref name=Cords/> Occasionally, solitary males are observed which are probably transient, having left their natal group in search of a new group (Rudran 1978).
-===Social relationships===
-In these female-bonded societies, only 5&ndash;15% of monkeys' activity budget is occupied by social interactions and the most common social interactions within a group are grooming and play.<ref name=Cords86>{{cite journal |last=Cords |first=Marina |year=1986 |title=Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Diet of Two Forest Guenons, ''Cercopithecus ascanius'' and ''C. mitis'' |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=811–827 |jstor=4418 }}</ref><ref name=Cords>{{cite journal |last=Cords |first=Marina |year=2002 |title=Friendship among adult female blue monkeys (''Cercopithecus mitis'') |journal=Behaviour |volume=139 |issue=2-3 |pages=291–314 |doi=10.1163/156853902760102681 }}</ref><ref name=Gathua>Gathua JM. 2000. Intraspecific variation in foraging patterns of redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Dissertation Abstracts International 60-12:A,4497. Columbia University.</ref><ref name=Payne>{{cite journal |last1=Payne |first1=H.F.P. |last2=Lawes |first2=M.J. |last3=Henzi |first3=S.P. |year=2003 |title=Fatal Attack on an Adult Female ''Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus'': Implications for Female Dispersal in Female-Bonded Societies |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=1245–1250 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/ijop/2003/00000024/00000006/00474818 |accessdate=24 September 2010 }}</ref><ref name=Pazol>{{cite journal |last1=Pazol |first1=Karen |last2=Cords |first2=Marina |year=2005 |title=Seasonal variation in feeding behavior, competition and female social relationships in a forest dwelling guenon, the blue monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni''), in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=566–577 |doi=10.1007/s00265-005-0953-3 }}</ref> Relationships between group members vary: infants interact most frequently with their peers and adult or juvenile females<ref name=Forster/> and are rarely seen near adult males (Rudran 1978).<ref name=Forster/>
-[[Alloparenting]] is common among blue monkeys. The most common infant handlers are juvenile females and usually one infant is carried by a number of alloparents. One hypothesis is that this allows the infant to learn to socialise at an early stage in life.<ref name=Forster/>
-Interesting female-female relationships exist among blue monkeys. This relationship is believed to be shaped by their feeding ecology, which, in turn, is shaped by between-group and within-group competition.<ref name=Pazol/> Blue monkey females exhibit strong, aggressive competition between groups<ref name=Cords86/><ref name=Cords/><ref name=Payne/> and between other species because of their territorial character<ref name=Cords/><ref name=Payne/> but milder though more frequent competition within groups.<ref name=Cords/> Even though earlier beliefs were that blue monkeys are not territorial, more current extended research<ref name=Payne/> shows that earlier researched misinterpreted the results because social interactions overall are infrequent. Moreover, overall [[agonism]] rates in blue monkeys are very low.<ref name=Cords/><ref name=Pazol/> Within group conflicts are mild and infrequent because females tend to distance themselves from one another and feed at different sites, thus avoiding competition.<ref name=Cords/><ref name=Pazol/> Though it was believed that blue monkeys are egalitarian, current extended research confirms that there actually is linear dominance hierarchy in female blue monkeys,<ref name=Cords/><ref name=Payne/> which becomes more apparent when food resources are scarce.<ref name=Cords/>
-==Reproduction==
-The mating system is [[polygyny|polygynous]], and there is a corresponding sexual dimorphism in size, with the males substantially the larger sex. Females normally give birth every two years, during the onset of the warm, rainy season; gestation is around five months, and the infants are born with fur and with their eyes open. Group sizes range from 10 to 40, containing only a single adult male. It is often found in groups with other species of monkeys such as the [[red-tailed monkey]] and various [[red colobus]] monkeys.<ref>Ghiglieri, Michael. ''East of the Mountains of the Moon: Chimpanzee Society in the African Rain Forest,'' The Free Press, 1988, pg. 238.</ref>
-==References==
-{{Wikispecies|Cercopithecus mitis|Blue monkey}}
-{{Commons|Cercopithecus mitis|Blue monkey}}
-{{Reflist}}
-{{C.Cercopithecinae nav}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
-[[Category:Mammals of Africa]]
-[[Category:Cercopithecine monkeys]]
-[[Category:Animals described in 1822]]
-[[af:Samango-aap]]
-[[ca:Cercopitec blau]]
-[[de:Diademmeerkatze]]
-[[nv:Mágíłbáhí]]
-[[es:Cercopithecus mitis]]
-[[eu:Cercopithecus mitis]]
-[[fr:Cercopithèque à diadème]]
-[[ko:푸른원숭이]]
-[[it:Cercopithecus mitis]]
-[[rw:Inkima]]
-[[lt:Vainikuotoji markata]]
-[[hu:Fejdíszes cerkóf]]
-[[nl:Diadeemmeerkat]]
-[[pl:Koczkodan czarnosiwy]]
-[[sr:Cercopithecus mitis]]
-[[fi:Sinimarakatti]]
-[[sv:Diademmarkatta]]