Giovanni di Giovanni: Difference between revisions
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'''Giovanni di Giovanni''' (c. 1350 – May 7, 1365?) is one of the youngest victims of the campaign against [[sodomy]] waged in [[Florence]] since the [[Middle Ages]]. |
'''Giovanni di Giovanni''' (c. 1350 – May 7, 1365?) is one of the youngest victims of the campaign against [[sodomy]] waged in [[Florence]] since the [[Middle Ages]]. |
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He was convicted by the [[Podestà]] court of being the passive partner of a number of different men. He was labeled "a public and notorious passive sodomite." His punishment was to be paraded on the back of an ass, then to be publicly [[Castration|castrated]]. Finally, he was to have his anus burned with a red-hot iron (or, as the sentence read: "[punished] in that part of the body where he allowed himself to be known in sodomitical practice") It is presumed he did not survive the ordeal.<ref name=giovanni>{{cite book|title=Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2nKiOKHrjtgC&dq=Forbidden+Friendships,+Homosexuality+and+Male+Culture+in+Renaissance+Florence|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=24, 227, 356, 360|last=Rocke|first=Michael|isbn=0-19-512292-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Literature and Homosexuality |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZRQdOHWYAfIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Meyer,+Michael+J+(2000).+Literature+and+Homosexuality#v=onepage&q&f=false |first=Michael J |last=Meyer |year=2000 |publisher=Rodopi |pages=206|isbn=90-420-0519-X}}</ref> |
He was convicted by the [[Podestà]] court of being the passive partner of a number of different men. He was labeled "a public and notorious passive sodomite." His punishment was to be paraded on the back of an ass, then to be publicly [[Castration|castrated]]. Finally, he was to have the "between of his thights" (probably anus; maybe the castration wound (he would have bled to death pretty soon if the wound was not [[Cauterization|closed by burning]]) or both) burned with a red-hot iron (or, as the sentence read: "[punished] in that part of the body where he allowed himself to be known in sodomitical practice") It is presumed he did not survive the ordeal.<ref name=giovanni>{{cite book|title=Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2nKiOKHrjtgC&dq=Forbidden+Friendships,+Homosexuality+and+Male+Culture+in+Renaissance+Florence|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=24, 227, 356, 360|last=Rocke|first=Michael|isbn=0-19-512292-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Literature and Homosexuality |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZRQdOHWYAfIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Meyer,+Michael+J+(2000).+Literature+and+Homosexuality#v=onepage&q&f=false |first=Michael J |last=Meyer |year=2000 |publisher=Rodopi |pages=206|isbn=90-420-0519-X}}</ref> |
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His prosecution came on the heels of the [[Black Death]], the [[bubonic plague]] epidemic which had ravaged the city two years earlier. Some of the most influetal people of the religious establishment as [[Bernardino of Siena]] blamed [[sodomites]] for having brought the wrath of |
His prosecution came on the heels of the [[Black Death]], the [[bubonic plague]] epidemic which had ravaged the city two years earlier. Some of the most influetal people of the religious establishment as [[Bernardino of Siena]] blamed [[sodomites]] for having brought the [[Divine retribution|wrath of God]] down on the heads of the populace. The "remedy" they promoted was to purify the city of evil by means of fire, leading to burnings at the stake and other punishments (red-hot iron) such as that suffered by Giovanni di Giovanni.<ref name=giovanni/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 22:59, 10 August 2012
Giovanni di Giovanni (c. 1350 – May 7, 1365?) is one of the youngest victims of the campaign against sodomy waged in Florence since the Middle Ages.
He was convicted by the Podestà court of being the passive partner of a number of different men. He was labeled "a public and notorious passive sodomite." His punishment was to be paraded on the back of an ass, then to be publicly castrated. Finally, he was to have the "between of his thights" (probably anus; maybe the castration wound (he would have bled to death pretty soon if the wound was not closed by burning) or both) burned with a red-hot iron (or, as the sentence read: "[punished] in that part of the body where he allowed himself to be known in sodomitical practice") It is presumed he did not survive the ordeal.[1][2]
His prosecution came on the heels of the Black Death, the bubonic plague epidemic which had ravaged the city two years earlier. Some of the most influetal people of the religious establishment as Bernardino of Siena blamed sodomites for having brought the wrath of God down on the heads of the populace. The "remedy" they promoted was to purify the city of evil by means of fire, leading to burnings at the stake and other punishments (red-hot iron) such as that suffered by Giovanni di Giovanni.[1]
References
- ^ a b Rocke, Michael (1996). Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence. Oxford University Press. pp. 24, 227, 356, 360. ISBN 0-19-512292-5.
- ^ Meyer, Michael J (2000). Literature and Homosexuality. Rodopi. p. 206. ISBN 90-420-0519-X.