Walter de Clare: Difference between revisions
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'''Walter de Clare''' or '''Walter fitzRichard'''{{efn|Other versions of his name include '''Walter fitz Richard of Clare'''<ref name=Henry552>Hollister ''Henry I'' p. 552</ref> and '''Walter fitz Richard de Clare'''.<ref name=King380>King ''King Stephen'' p. 380</ref>}} (d. probably 1137 or 1138) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and founder of [[Tintern Abbey]]. |
'''Walter de Clare''' or '''Walter fitzRichard'''{{efn|Other versions of his name include '''Walter fitz Richard of Clare'''<ref name=Henry552>Hollister ''Henry I'' p. 552</ref> and '''Walter fitz Richard de Clare'''.<ref name=King380>King ''King Stephen'' p. 380</ref>}} (d. probably 1137 or 1138) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and founder of [[Tintern Abbey]]. |
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Walter was a younger son of [[Richard fitz Gilbert|Richard de Clare]], a Norman lord who also held [[Clare, Suffolk|Clare]] and [[Tonbridge]] in England. Walter's mother was Rohese, the daughter of [[Walter Giffard]].<ref name=DNB>Round and Hollister "Clare, Walter de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> Rohese and Richard had at least six sons and two daughters. Besides Walter, they were [[Roger fitz Richard de Clare|Roger]], [[Gilbert Fitz Richard|Gilbert]], [[Richard fitz Richard de Clare|Richard]], [[Robert Fitz Richard|Robert]] and Godfrey. The daughters were Alice and [[Rohese de Clare|Rohese]].<ref name=RichardDNB>Mortimer "Clare, Richard de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> Walter's family of [[de Clare]] was a powerful one, with members of it having participated in rebellions and conspiracies against Henry's older brother King [[William II of England]] (d. 1100) in 1088 and 1095.<ref name=Henry339/> |
Walter was a younger son of [[Richard fitz Gilbert|Richard de Clare]], a Norman lord who also held [[Clare, Suffolk|Clare]] and [[Tonbridge]] in England. Walter's mother was Rohese, the daughter of [[Walter Giffard]].<ref name=DNB>Round and Hollister "Clare, Walter de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> Rohese and Richard had at least six sons and two daughters. Besides Walter, they were [[Roger fitz Richard de Clare|Roger]], [[Gilbert Fitz Richard|Gilbert]], [[Richard fitz Richard de Clare|Richard]], [[Robert Fitz Richard|Robert]] and Godfrey. The daughters were Alice and [[Rohese de Clare|Rohese]].<ref name=RichardDNB>Mortimer "Clare, Richard de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> Walter's family of [[de Clare]] was a powerful one, with members of it having participated in rebellions and conspiracies against King Henry's older brother King [[William II of England]] (d. 1100) in 1088 and 1095.<ref name=Henry339/> |
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Little is known of Walter's life, most of it deriving from the ''[[Gesta Normannorum Ducum]]'' written by [[William of Jumieges]]. The first mention of Walter in the historical record is when he was granted the lordship of [[Kingdom of Gwent#Legacy|Netherwent]], including [[Chepstow Castle]] beside the [[River Wye]] by King [[Henry I of England]]. This occurred sometime before 1119.<ref name=DNB/> Walter's lordship of Netherwent or Chepstow was generally considered a [[English feudal barony|feudal barony]].<ref name=Sanders111>Sanders ''English Baronies'' p. 111</ref> and Walter is considered a baron by most historians.<ref name=DNB/><ref name=King60>King ''King Stephen'' p. 60</ref> Walter's land grant was part of a larger series of grants by Henry in southern Wales, including some given to Walter's brother Gilbert de Clare.<ref name=Henry236>Hollister ''Henry I'' p. 236</ref> Henry also granted lands to another brother of Gilbert and Walter: Robert, who received [[Little Dunmow]]. These grants from the king to the Clare family helped bring them over to the royal side during the conflict between the king and his nephew [[William Clito]] over the control of Normandy in the late 1110s.<ref name=Henry339>Hollister ''Henry I'' pp. 339–340</ref> |
Little is known of Walter's life, most of it deriving from the ''[[Gesta Normannorum Ducum]]'' written by [[William of Jumieges]]. The first mention of Walter in the historical record is when he was granted the lordship of [[Kingdom of Gwent#Legacy|Netherwent]], including [[Chepstow Castle]] beside the [[River Wye]] by King [[Henry I of England]]. This occurred sometime before 1119.<ref name=DNB/> Walter's lordship of Netherwent or Chepstow was generally considered a [[English feudal barony|feudal barony]].<ref name=Sanders111>Sanders ''English Baronies'' p. 111</ref> and Walter is considered a baron by most historians.<ref name=DNB/><ref name=King60>King ''King Stephen'' p. 60</ref> Walter's land grant was part of a larger series of grants by Henry in southern Wales, including some given to Walter's brother Gilbert de Clare.<ref name=Henry236>Hollister ''Henry I'' p. 236</ref> Henry also granted lands to another brother of Gilbert and Walter: Robert, who received [[Little Dunmow]]. These grants from the king to the Clare family helped bring them over to the royal side during the conflict between the king and his nephew [[William Clito]] over the control of Normandy in the late 1110s.<ref name=Henry339>Hollister ''Henry I'' pp. 339–340</ref> |
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Revision as of 23:47, 17 January 2015
Walter de Clare | |
|---|---|
| Died | c. 1138 |
| Nationality | Anglo-Norman |
| Other names | Walter fitzRichard |
| Occupation | baron |
| Years active | 1119–1136 |
| Known for | founding Tintern Abbey |
| Parent(s) | Richard de Clare Rohese |
Walter de Clare or Walter fitzRichard[a] (d. probably 1137 or 1138) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and founder of Tintern Abbey.
Walter was a younger son of Richard de Clare, a Norman lord who also held Clare and Tonbridge in England. Walter's mother was Rohese, the daughter of Walter Giffard.[3] Rohese and Richard had at least six sons and two daughters. Besides Walter, they were Roger, Gilbert, Richard, Robert and Godfrey. The daughters were Alice and Rohese.[4] Walter's family of de Clare was a powerful one, with members of it having participated in rebellions and conspiracies against King Henry's older brother King William II of England (d. 1100) in 1088 and 1095.[5]
Little is known of Walter's life, most of it deriving from the Gesta Normannorum Ducum written by William of Jumieges. The first mention of Walter in the historical record is when he was granted the lordship of Netherwent, including Chepstow Castle beside the River Wye by King Henry I of England. This occurred sometime before 1119.[3] Walter's lordship of Netherwent or Chepstow was generally considered a feudal barony.[6] and Walter is considered a baron by most historians.[3][7] Walter's land grant was part of a larger series of grants by Henry in southern Wales, including some given to Walter's brother Gilbert de Clare.[8] Henry also granted lands to another brother of Gilbert and Walter: Robert, who received Little Dunmow. These grants from the king to the Clare family helped bring them over to the royal side during the conflict between the king and his nephew William Clito over the control of Normandy in the late 1110s.[5]
Walter was a witness on 12 of Henry's royal charters, all before 1131. He also was a witness for some royal charters issued by Henry's successor, King Stephen of England, early in Stephen's reign. One was a charter issued at Henry's funeral on 4 January 1136 and another at Stephen's court at Easter 1136. These two charter attestations show that he was an early supporter of Stephen in the king's seizure of the throne from Henry's daughter Matilda. These early charters from Stephen's reign are Walter's last appearances in documents during his lifetime.[3]
Walter established Tintern Abbey as a Cistercian monastery on 9 May 1131, the second Cistercian monastic house to be endowed in Britain.[b] The monks for the establishment came from L'Aumône Abbey in France. Although the ruins of Tintern were the subject of a poem by William Wordsworth[c] and a painting by J. M. W. Turner, these ruins are not Walter's original buildings, as little remains of them.[3]
It is not known if Walter ever married, but he died childless. A date of 1138 is usually given for his death, but this is not proven although it is likely. His estates passed to his nephew Gilbert de Clare, son of his brother Gilbert,[3] who had died around 1115.[6]
Notes
- ^ Other versions of his name include Walter fitz Richard of Clare[1] and Walter fitz Richard de Clare.[2]
- ^ The first was Waverley Abbey, which was founded in 1128.[3]
- ^ The poem has the full title of "Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey", although it's often shortened to "Tintern Abbey" and was published in 1798.[9]
Citations
- ^ Hollister Henry I p. 552
- ^ King King Stephen p. 380
- ^ a b c d e f g Round and Hollister "Clare, Walter de" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Mortimer "Clare, Richard de" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ a b Hollister Henry I pp. 339–340
- ^ a b Sanders English Baronies p. 111
- ^ King King Stephen p. 60
- ^ Hollister Henry I p. 236
- ^ Kuiper Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature p. 1117
References
- Hollister, C. Warren (2001). Frost, Amanda Clark (ed.). Henry I. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08858-2.
- King, Edmund (2010). King Stephen. The English Monarchs Series. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11223-8.
- Kuipier, Kathleen, ed. (1994). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0-87779-042-6.
- Mortimer, Richard (2004). "Clare, Richard de (1030x35–1087x90)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5445. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in|format= - Round, J. H.; Hollister, C. Warren (2004). "Clare, Walter de (d. 1137/8?)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5450. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in|format= - Sanders, I. J. (1960). English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 931660.