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{{Redirect|Swiftboat|the naval vessel|Fast Patrol Craft}}
{{Redirect|Swiftboat|the naval vessel|Fast Patrol Craft}}


The term '''swiftboating''' (also spelled '''swift-boating''' or '''swift boating''') is an [[United States|American]] [[neologism]] used [[pejorative]]ly to describe an unfair or untrue political attack that is aimed at derailing a candidate's strength. The term is derived from the name of the organization "Swift Boat Veterans for Truth" (SBVT, later the [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth]]) because of their widely publicized—and then discredited—campaign against [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 U.S. Presidential candidate]] [[John Kerry]].<ref name="annenberg">{{cite web|title=University of Pennsylvania National Annenberg Election Survey|publisher=PollingReport.com|date=conducted August 9–16, 2004|url=http://www.pollingreport.com/wh04misc2.htm|accessdate=2007-03-30}}</ref><ref name=Cogan1>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture|first1=Brian|last1=Cogan|first2=Tony|last2=Kelso|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2009|pages=155, 187, 335|isbn=0-313-34379-9}}</ref><ref name="Casey">{{cite journal|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/dissent/v056/56.2.casey.html|title=No redemption song: The Case of Bill Ayers|last=Casey|first=Leo|date=Spring 2009|work=Dissent|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|volume=56|number=2|pages=107–111|issn=0012-3846|doi=10.1353/dss.0.0041|quote=In recent elections, the patriotism and good names of Democratic war hero candidates, from John Kerry to Max Cleland, had been impugned so successfully that a neologism for such smears—to 'swift boat'—was coined out of the assault on Kerry.}}</ref><ref name="vetsattack">{{cite news|title=The Vets Attack |first=Evan|last=Thomas|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080610022244/http://www.newsweek.com/id/55728/output/print|publisher=Newsweek|date=November 14, 2004|accessdate=February 6, 2013}}</ref>
The term '''swiftboating''' (also spelled '''swift-boating''' or '''swift boating''') is an [[United States|American]] [[neologism]] used [[pejorative]]ly to describe an unfair or untrue political attack that is used to undermine a particular strength a candidate might have. The term is derived from the name of the organization "Swift Boat Veterans for Truth" (SBVT, later the [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth]]) because of their widely publicized—and then discredited—campaign against [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 U.S. Presidential candidate]] [[John Kerry]].<ref name="annenberg">{{cite web|title=University of Pennsylvania National Annenberg Election Survey|publisher=PollingReport.com|date=conducted August 9–16, 2004|url=http://www.pollingreport.com/wh04misc2.htm|accessdate=2007-03-30}}</ref><ref name=Cogan1>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture|first1=Brian|last1=Cogan|first2=Tony|last2=Kelso|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2009|pages=155, 187, 335|isbn=0-313-34379-9}}</ref><ref name="Casey">{{cite journal|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/dissent/v056/56.2.casey.html|title=No redemption song: The Case of Bill Ayers|last=Casey|first=Leo|date=Spring 2009|work=Dissent|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|volume=56|number=2|pages=107–111|issn=0012-3846|doi=10.1353/dss.0.0041|quote=In recent elections, the patriotism and good names of Democratic war hero candidates, from John Kerry to Max Cleland, had been impugned so successfully that a neologism for such smears—to 'swift boat'—was coined out of the assault on Kerry.}}</ref><ref name="vetsattack">{{cite news|title=The Vets Attack |first=Evan|last=Thomas|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080610022244/http://www.newsweek.com/id/55728/output/print|publisher=Newsweek|date=November 14, 2004|accessdate=February 6, 2013}}</ref>


Since the political [[smear campaign]]<ref name="Cogan1"/><ref name=Allen1>{{cite book|title=Until the last man comes home: POWs, MIAs, and the unending Vietnam War|first1=Michael Joe|last1=Allen|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|year=2009|pages=294–299|isbn=0-8078-3261-8}}</ref><ref name=Reclaim/><ref name=Donaldson1>{{cite book|title=The making of modern America: the nation from 1945 to the present|first1=Gary|last1=Donaldson|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2009|page=333|isbn=0-7425-4820-1}}</ref><ref name=Boehlert1>{{cite book|title=Lapdogs: How the Press Lay Down for the Bush White House|first1=Eric|last1=Boehlert|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|page=198|isbn=0-7432-9916-7}}</ref> conducted by the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth against John Kerry, the term "swiftboating" has come into common use to refer to a harsh attack by a political opponent that is dishonest, personal, and unfair.<ref name=Bond1>{{cite book|title=The Promise and Performance of American Democracy|first1=Jon|last1=Bond|first2=Kevin|last2=Smith|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2011|page=206|isbn=0-495-91374-X}}</ref><ref name=Time1>{{cite news |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1813974,00.html |title=To Swift-Boat or Not |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |author=Michael Kinsley |date=June 12, 2008}}{{subscription required}}</ref> The Swift Boat Veterans and media pundits objected to this use of the term to define a smear campaign.<ref name="SmithEtAl2010">{{cite book|title=Campaign Finance Reform: The Political Shell Game|first1=Melissa M.|last1=Smith|first2=Glenda C.|last2=Williams|first3=Larry|last3=Powell|first4=Gary A.|last4=Copeland|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|year=2010|isbn=0-7391-4566-5|page=105|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RC7eoV_7mGQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=February 17, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nonetooswift" />
Since the political [[smear campaign]]<ref name="Cogan1"/><ref name=Allen1>{{cite book|title=Until the last man comes home: POWs, MIAs, and the unending Vietnam War|first1=Michael Joe|last1=Allen|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|year=2009|pages=294–299|isbn=0-8078-3261-8}}</ref><ref name=Reclaim/><ref name=Donaldson1>{{cite book|title=The making of modern America: the nation from 1945 to the present|first1=Gary|last1=Donaldson|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2009|page=333|isbn=0-7425-4820-1}}</ref><ref name=Boehlert1>{{cite book|title=Lapdogs: How the Press Lay Down for the Bush White House|first1=Eric|last1=Boehlert|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|page=198|isbn=0-7432-9916-7}}</ref> conducted by the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth against John Kerry, the term "swiftboating" has come into common use to refer to a harsh attack by a political opponent that is dishonest, personal, and unfair.<ref name=Bond1>{{cite book|title=The Promise and Performance of American Democracy|first1=Jon|last1=Bond|first2=Kevin|last2=Smith|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2011|page=206|isbn=0-495-91374-X}}</ref><ref name=Time1>{{cite news |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1813974,00.html |title=To Swift-Boat or Not |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |author=Michael Kinsley |date=June 12, 2008}}{{subscription required}}</ref> The Swift Boat Veterans and media pundits objected to this use of the term to define a smear campaign.<ref name="SmithEtAl2010">{{cite book|title=Campaign Finance Reform: The Political Shell Game|first1=Melissa M.|last1=Smith|first2=Glenda C.|last2=Williams|first3=Larry|last3=Powell|first4=Gary A.|last4=Copeland|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|year=2010|isbn=0-7391-4566-5|page=105|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RC7eoV_7mGQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=February 17, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nonetooswift" />

Revision as of 20:42, 30 January 2016

"Swiftboat" redirects here. For the naval vessel, see Fast Patrol Craft.

The term swiftboating (also spelled swift-boating or swift boating) is an American neologism used pejoratively to describe an unfair or untrue political attack that is used to undermine a particular strength a candidate might have. The term is derived from the name of the organization "Swift Boat Veterans for Truth" (SBVT, later the Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) because of their widely publicized—and then discredited—campaign against 2004 U.S. Presidential candidate John Kerry.[1][2][3][4]

Since the political smear campaign[2][5][6][7][8] conducted by the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth against John Kerry, the term "swiftboating" has come into common use to refer to a harsh attack by a political opponent that is dishonest, personal, and unfair.[9][10] The Swift Boat Veterans and media pundits objected to this use of the term to define a smear campaign.[11][12]

Origin and general usage

The term "Swift Boat" itself refers to a class of U.S. Navy vessel used during the Vietnam War. During the 2004 presidential campaign, John Kerry's heroism under fire as a Swift Boat commander in Vietnam was a centerpiece of his campaign.[13] A number of Vietnam veterans who had served on Swift Boats formed a 527 organization called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth or SVPT) with the intent of discrediting his military record and attacking his subsequent antiwar activities as a member of Vietnam Veterans Against the War.[9] The group produced a series of television ads and a bestselling book, Unfit for Command.[14] The unsubstantiated charges against Kerry by the SVPT gave rise to the term "swiftboating" as a synonym for "the nastiest of campaign smears",[6] "a slimy political attack",[15] and, for many, "ugly, unprincipled slander".[16][17][18][19][20] As the purpose of a tax-exempt 527 organization is "to focus on the issues" rather than "attack or defend a specific candidate", the SBVT was fined by the Federal Election Commission in 2004 for specifically attacking Kerry instead of focusing on political issues.[11]

Charges of "swiftboating" were made by supporters of both major candidates in the 2012 presidential election. Republican Party strategists compared attacks on Mitt Romney's tenure at Bain Capital to swiftboating, saying that, "It's very clear they are trying to re-create and take a page out for the 2004 Bush campaign".[21] The term was also used by a representative of Barack Obama's re-election campaign to describe the documentary film Dishonorable Disclosures and an associated ad campaign released by the Special Operations OPSEC Education Fund on the topic of the death of Osama bin Laden.[22]

Conservative objections and conservative usage

The use of this term as a pejorative has caused objections from some conservatives who object to the implied criticism of the tactics used by Swift Vets and POWs for Truth.[12][23]

In 2006, conservative commentator Emmett Tyrrell has denounced its repeated negative usage, and says it "is about to join such terms as McCarthyism and McCarthyite" as a "hate term".[24] In a 2006 interview, John O'Neill, spokesman for Swift Vets and POWs for Truth, commented on the term's usage by "parts of the mainstream media" as a "baseless smear against somebody's personal character": "I don't feel as bad about that as you do. That's a word people will use for however they want to. I have always thought that having left wingers go to bed at night, and put their little children to bed and say "be good little children or the Swiftboats will get you"—(laughs) and so that has never particularly worried me. And I'm not so sure that I'm that sad. Maybe what it really means is tell the truth, don't demean our troops, or you can be sure somebody like the Swift Boats are gonna be right out after you. And maybe that's how the Democratic party has cleaned up its act in the last year or so. And I don't mean cleaned up its act on everything, I mean at least not insulted our soldiers directly. Except for Kerry and Murtha."[25]

The New York Times reported in 2008 that many Swift Boat veterans, "especially those who had nothing to do with the group that attacked Senator John Kerry’s military record in the 2004 election—want their good name back, and the good names of the men not lucky enough to come home alive", expressed regret and dismay that the term "swift boat" has come to represent a political attack and "political chicanery" against a member of a different party.[6]

Other conservatives have used the term in its common pejorative context, including Republican strategist Greg Mueller, who is quoted in Politico as saying, "The New York Times is trying to swift-boat McCain.... Certainly, the Times cannot complain about a negative general election campaign, since they fired the first shot. It was a poor and revealing attempt by The New York Times to try and smear McCain". Republican Newt Gingrich, putting his own twist on the neologism at a presidential campaign stop on January 1, 2012, said he felt he was being "Romney-boated" by the barrage of negative ads run against him. "I probably should have responded faster and more aggressively. If somebody spent $3.5 million lying about you, you have some obligation to come back and set the record straight.[26][27] Fox News Radio host John Gibson has written a book titled How the Left Swiftboated America, in which he defines swiftboating as "the political trick of claiming to expose truth while in fact lying", and "used as a verb, came to mean just that: undermining character and credibility, no matter whether the charges are accurate". Gibson attributes the origin and definition of the word to "the left".[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ "University of Pennsylvania National Annenberg Election Survey". PollingReport.com. conducted August 9–16, 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b Cogan, Brian; Kelso, Tony (2009). Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 155, 187, 335. ISBN 0-313-34379-9.
  3. ^ Casey, Leo (Spring 2009). "No redemption song: The Case of Bill Ayers". Dissent. 56 (2). University of Pennsylvania Press: 107–111. doi:10.1353/dss.0.0041. ISSN 0012-3846. In recent elections, the patriotism and good names of Democratic war hero candidates, from John Kerry to Max Cleland, had been impugned so successfully that a neologism for such smears—to 'swift boat'—was coined out of the assault on Kerry.
  4. ^ Thomas, Evan (November 14, 2004). "The Vets Attack". Newsweek. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  5. ^ Allen, Michael Joe (2009). Until the last man comes home: POWs, MIAs, and the unending Vietnam War. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 294–299. ISBN 0-8078-3261-8.
  6. ^ a b c Zernike, Kate (June 30, 2008). "Veterans Long to Reclaim the Name 'Swift Boat'". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2010. Cite error: The named reference "Reclaim" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ Donaldson, Gary (2009). The making of modern America: the nation from 1945 to the present. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 333. ISBN 0-7425-4820-1.
  8. ^ Boehlert, Eric (2006). Lapdogs: How the Press Lay Down for the Bush White House. Simon & Schuster. p. 198. ISBN 0-7432-9916-7.
  9. ^ a b Bond, Jon; Smith, Kevin (2011). The Promise and Performance of American Democracy. Cengage Learning. p. 206. ISBN 0-495-91374-X.
  10. ^ Michael Kinsley (June 12, 2008). "To Swift-Boat or Not". Time.(subscription required)
  11. ^ a b Smith, Melissa M.; Williams, Glenda C.; Powell, Larry; Copeland, Gary A. (2010). Campaign Finance Reform: The Political Shell Game. Lexington Books. p. 105. ISBN 0-7391-4566-5. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  12. ^ a b Rosen, Mike (October 26, 2006). "Story is none too 'swift'". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  13. ^ Michael Dobbs (August 22, 2004). "Swift Boat Accounts Incomplete". The Washington Post.
  14. ^ O'Neill, John; Corsi. Unfit for Command. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-017-4.
  15. ^ Meckler, Laura (June 30, 2008). "McCain Supporter Defends Swift Boat Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  16. ^ Kulik, Gary (2009). "War stories": false atrocity tales, swift boaters, and winter soldiers--what really happened in Vietnam. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 105. ISBN 1-59797-304-1.
  17. ^ Elizabeth Bumiller (August 26, 2004). "The 2004 Campaign: Vietnam Record; Lawyer for Bush Quits Over Links to Kerry's Foes". The New York Times. p. A1. a veterans group that has leveled unsubstantiated attacks on Senator John Kerry's Vietnam War record in a book and on the air.
  18. ^ Manjoo, Farhad. True Enough: Learning to Live in a Post-Fact Society. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-470-05010-1.
  19. ^ Michael Getler (July 13, 2007). "Detecting More Than History?". PBS.
  20. ^ "Glossary: US elections". BBC News. Retrieved November 29, 2011. Swift-boating The name given by Democrats ...
  21. ^ "GOP strategists: Bain attack ads are this year's Swift Boat campaign". CNN. July 25, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  22. ^ Shane, Scott; Kitty Bennett (August 15, 2012). "Ex-Officers Attack Obama Over Leaks on Bin Laden Raid". The New York Times. p. A12. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  23. ^ Wickham, Henry P., Jr. (April 20, 2008). "Redefining 'Swiftboating' and Rewriting History". American Thinker. The term deserves the positive connotation of 'whistle-blowing.'{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Tyrrell, R. Emmett Jr. (June 4, 2006). "Swiftboating has become a hate term". CNN. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
  25. ^ Moore, John (November 16, 2006). "Behind the Scenes: Swift Boat Veterans vs. John Kerry". Useful Fools. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  26. ^ Mike Allen; Jonathan Martin (February 21, 2008). "Rush, right rally to McCain". Politico.
  27. ^ Trip Gabriel (January 1, 2012). "Gingrich Says He's Been 'Romney-Boated'". The New York Times.
  28. ^ Gibson, John (2009). How the Left Swiftboated America: The Liberal Media Conspiracy to Make You Think George Bush was the Worst President in History. HarperCollins. p. vii-viii. ISBN 0-06-179289-6.
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