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'''Michael Houghton''' is a British scientist, who along with [[Qui-Lim Choo]], [[George Kuo]] and Daniel W Bradley, co-discovered [[Hepatitis C]] in 1989. He is currently Li Ka Shing Professor of Virology, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Virology, Director of the Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, and Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology at the [[University of Alberta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmi.med.ualberta.ca/staff_students/michael_houghton.php|title=MMI Faculty - Michael Houghton, PhD|accessdate=13 January 2014}}</ref>
'''Michael Houghton''' is a British scientist, who along with [[Qui-Lim Choo]], [[George Kuo]] and Daniel W Bradley, co-discovered [[Hepatitis C]] in 1989. He is currently Li Ka Shing Professor of Virology, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Virology, Director of the Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, and Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology at the [[University of Alberta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmi.med.ualberta.ca/staff_students/michael_houghton.php|title=MMI Faculty - Michael Houghton, PhD|accessdate=13 January 2014}}</ref>


After graduating with a degree in Biological Sciences from the [[University of East Anglia]] in 1972 and a PhD in Biochemistry from [[King's College London]] in 1977, Houghton joined [[G. D. Searle & Company]] before moving to [[Chiron Corporation]] in 1982.<ref name="ref904913078">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=n5P696E7T0wC&pg=PA344&dq=dr+Michael+Houghton&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gW7IUq69IImO7AbepoG4CQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20Michael%20Houghton&f=false|title=Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development - Google Books|publisher=books.google.co.uk|accessdate=2014-01-12}}</ref> It was at Chiron that Houghton together with colleagues [[Qui-Lim Choo]] and George Kuo, and D.W. Bradley from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] first discovered [[Hepatitis C]]. He also discovered the [[Hepatitis D]] [[genome]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wang|first=KS |author2=Choo, QL |author3=Weiner, AJ |author4=Ou, JH |author5=Najarian, RC |author6=Thayer, RM |author7=Mullenbach, GT |author8=Denniston, KJ |author9=Gerin, JL |author10=Houghton, M|title=Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome|journal=Nature|date=9 October 1986|volume=323|issue=6088|pages=508–14|pmid=3762705|doi=10.1038/323508a0}}</ref>
After graduating with a degree in biological sciences from the [[University of East Anglia]] in 1972 and a PhD in Biochemistry from [[King's College London]] in 1977, Houghton joined [[G. D. Searle & Company]] before moving to [[Chiron Corporation]] in 1982.<ref name="ref904913078">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=n5P696E7T0wC&pg=PA344&dq=dr+Michael+Houghton&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gW7IUq69IImO7AbepoG4CQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20Michael%20Houghton&f=false|title=Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development - Google Books|publisher=books.google.co.uk|accessdate=2014-01-12}}</ref> It was at Chiron that Houghton together with colleagues [[Qui-Lim Choo]] and George Kuo, and D.W. Bradley from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], first discovered [[Hepatitis C]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Houghton|first1=M|title=The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus.|journal=J. Hepatol.|date=2009|issue=51|pages=939-948}}</ref> He also discovered the [[Hepatitis D]] [[genome]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wang|first=KS |author2=Choo, QL |author3=Weiner, AJ |author4=Ou, JH |author5=Najarian, RC |author6=Thayer, RM |author7=Mullenbach, GT |author8=Denniston, KJ |author9=Gerin, JL |author10=Houghton, M|title=Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome|journal=Nature|date=9 October 1986|volume=323|issue=6088|pages=508–14|pmid=3762705|doi=10.1038/323508a0}}</ref>


Houghton was co-author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in blood, particularly among patients at higher risk of contracting the disease, including those who had received blood transfusions.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kuo|first1=G|last2=Choo|first2=Q-L|last3=Alter|first3=HJ|last4=Gitnick|first4=GI|last5=Redeker|first5=AG|last6=Purcell|first6=RH|last7=Miyamura|first7=T|last8=Dienstag|first8=JL|last9=Alter|first9=MJ|last10=Stevens|first10=CE|last11=Tegtmeier|first11=GE|last12=Bonino|first12=F|last13=Colombo|first13=M|last14=Lee|first14=W-S|last15=Kuo|first15=C|last16=Berger|first16=K|last17=Shuster|first17=JR|last18=Overby|first18=LR|last19=Bradley|first19=DW|last20=Houghton|first20=M|title=An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis.|journal=Science|date=1989|issue=244|pages=362-364}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Esteban|first1=JI|last2=Viladomiu|first2=L|last3=Bonzalez|first3=A|last4=Roget|first4=M|last5=Genesca|first5=J|last6=Guardia|first6=J|last7=Esteban|first7=R|last8=Lopez-Talavera|first8=JC|last9=Hernandez|first9=JM|last10=Vargas|first10=V|last11=Buti|first11=M|last12=Kuo|first12=G|last13=Choo|first13=Q-L|last14=Houghton|first14=M|title=Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain.|journal=Lancet|date=1989|issue=334|pages=294-297}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Van Der Poel|first1=CL|last2=Ressink|first2=HW|last3=Lelie|first3=PN|last4=Leentvaar-Kuypers|first4=A|last5=Choo|first5=Q-L|last6=Kuo|first6=G|last7=Houghton|first7=M|title=Anti-hepatitis C antibodies and non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands.|journal=Lancet|date=1989|issue=334|pages=297-298}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alter|first1=HJ|last2=Purcell|first2=RH|last3=Shih|first3=JW|last4=Melpolder|first4=JC|last5=Houghton|first5=M|last6=Choo|first6=Q-L|last7=Kuo|first7=G|title=Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|date=1989|issue=321|pages=1494-1500}}</ref> This work led to the development of a blood screening test in 1990; widespread blood screening that began in 1992 with the development of a more sensitive test has since virtually eliminated hepatitis C contamination of donated blood supplies in Canada.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cha|first1=T-A|last2=Kolberg|first2=J|last3=Irvine|first3=B|last4=Stempien|first4=M|last5=Beall|first5=E|last6=Yano|first6=M|last7=Choo|first7=Q-L|last8=Houghton|first8=M|last9=Kuo|first9=G|last10=Han|first10=JH|last11=Urdea|first11=MS|title=Use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis C virus for detection of viral RNA in human serum and plasma.|journal=J. Clin. Microbiol.|date=1991|issue=29|pages=2528-2534}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bresters|first1=D|last2=Cuypers|first2=HT|last3=Reesink|first3=HW|last4=Schaasberg|first4=WP|last5=van der Poel|first5=CL|last6=Mauser-Bunschoten|first6=EP|last7=Houghton|first7=M|last8=Choo|first8=Q-L|last9=Kuo|first9=G|last10=Lesniewski|first10=R|last11=Troonen|first11=H|last12=Lelie|first12=PN|title=Enhanced sensitivity of a second generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus.|journal=Vox Sang.|date=1992|issue=62|pages=213-217}}</ref> In other studies published during the same period, Houghton and collaborators linked hepatitis C with liver cancer.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hasan|first1=F|last2=Jeffers|first2=L|last3=de Medina|first3=M|last4=Reddy|first4=R|last5=Parker|first5=T|last6=Schiff|first6=E|last7=Houghton|first7=M|last8=Choo|first8=Q-L|last9=Kuo|first9=G|title=Hepatitis C HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma.|journal=Hepatology|date=1989|issue=10|page=580}}</ref>, <ref>{{cite journal|last1=De Bisceglie|first1=AM|last2=Alter|first2=H|last3=Kuo|first3=G|last4=Houghton|first4=M|last5=Hoofnagle|first5=JH|title=Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with various chronic liver diseases.|journal=Hepatology|date=1989|issue=10|page=581}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Saito|first1=I|last2=Miyamura|first2=T|last3=Ohbayashi|first3=A|last4=Harada|first4=H|last5=Katayama|first5=T|last6=Kikuchi|first6=S|last7=Watanabe|first7=Y|last8=Koi|first8=S|last9=Onji|first9=M|last10=Ohta|first10=Y|last11=Choo|first11=Q-L|last12=Houghton|first12=M|last13=Kuo|first13=G|title=Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA|date=1990|issue=87|pages=6547-6549}}</ref>
Houghton was co-author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in blood, particularly among patients at higher risk of contracting the disease, including those who had received blood transfusions.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kuo|first1=G|last2=Choo|first2=Q-L|last3=Alter|first3=HJ|last4=Gitnick|first4=GI|last5=Redeker|first5=AG|last6=Purcell|first6=RH|last7=Miyamura|first7=T|last8=Dienstag|first8=JL|last9=Alter|first9=MJ|last10=Stevens|first10=CE|last11=Tegtmeier|first11=GE|last12=Bonino|first12=F|last13=Colombo|first13=M|last14=Lee|first14=W-S|last15=Kuo|first15=C|last16=Berger|first16=K|last17=Shuster|first17=JR|last18=Overby|first18=LR|last19=Bradley|first19=DW|last20=Houghton|first20=M|title=An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis.|journal=Science|date=1989|issue=244|pages=362-364}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Esteban|first1=JI|last2=Viladomiu|first2=L|last3=Bonzalez|first3=A|last4=Roget|first4=M|last5=Genesca|first5=J|last6=Guardia|first6=J|last7=Esteban|first7=R|last8=Lopez-Talavera|first8=JC|last9=Hernandez|first9=JM|last10=Vargas|first10=V|last11=Buti|first11=M|last12=Kuo|first12=G|last13=Choo|first13=Q-L|last14=Houghton|first14=M|title=Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain.|journal=Lancet|date=1989|issue=334|pages=294-297}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Van Der Poel|first1=CL|last2=Ressink|first2=HW|last3=Lelie|first3=PN|last4=Leentvaar-Kuypers|first4=A|last5=Choo|first5=Q-L|last6=Kuo|first6=G|last7=Houghton|first7=M|title=Anti-hepatitis C antibodies and non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands.|journal=Lancet|date=1989|issue=334|pages=297-298}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alter|first1=HJ|last2=Purcell|first2=RH|last3=Shih|first3=JW|last4=Melpolder|first4=JC|last5=Houghton|first5=M|last6=Choo|first6=Q-L|last7=Kuo|first7=G|title=Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|date=1989|issue=321|pages=1494-1500}}</ref> This work led to the development of a blood screening test in 1990; widespread blood screening that began in 1992 with the development of a more sensitive test has since virtually eliminated hepatitis C contamination of donated blood supplies in Canada.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cha|first1=T-A|last2=Kolberg|first2=J|last3=Irvine|first3=B|last4=Stempien|first4=M|last5=Beall|first5=E|last6=Yano|first6=M|last7=Choo|first7=Q-L|last8=Houghton|first8=M|last9=Kuo|first9=G|last10=Han|first10=JH|last11=Urdea|first11=MS|title=Use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis C virus for detection of viral RNA in human serum and plasma.|journal=J. Clin. Microbiol.|date=1991|issue=29|pages=2528-2534}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bresters|first1=D|last2=Cuypers|first2=HT|last3=Reesink|first3=HW|last4=Schaasberg|first4=WP|last5=van der Poel|first5=CL|last6=Mauser-Bunschoten|first6=EP|last7=Houghton|first7=M|last8=Choo|first8=Q-L|last9=Kuo|first9=G|last10=Lesniewski|first10=R|last11=Troonen|first11=H|last12=Lelie|first12=PN|title=Enhanced sensitivity of a second generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus.|journal=Vox Sang.|date=1992|issue=62|pages=213-217}}</ref> In other studies published during the same period, Houghton and collaborators linked hepatitis C with liver cancer.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hasan|first1=F|last2=Jeffers|first2=L|last3=de Medina|first3=M|last4=Reddy|first4=R|last5=Parker|first5=T|last6=Schiff|first6=E|last7=Houghton|first7=M|last8=Choo|first8=Q-L|last9=Kuo|first9=G|title=Hepatitis C HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma.|journal=Hepatology|date=1989|issue=10|page=580}}</ref>, <ref>{{cite journal|last1=De Bisceglie|first1=AM|last2=Alter|first2=H|last3=Kuo|first3=G|last4=Houghton|first4=M|last5=Hoofnagle|first5=JH|title=Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with various chronic liver diseases.|journal=Hepatology|date=1989|issue=10|page=581}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Saito|first1=I|last2=Miyamura|first2=T|last3=Ohbayashi|first3=A|last4=Harada|first4=H|last5=Katayama|first5=T|last6=Kikuchi|first6=S|last7=Watanabe|first7=Y|last8=Koi|first8=S|last9=Onji|first9=M|last10=Ohta|first10=Y|last11=Choo|first11=Q-L|last12=Houghton|first12=M|last13=Kuo|first13=G|title=Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA|date=1990|issue=87|pages=6547-6549}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:10, 24 March 2016

Michael Houghton
Alma materUniversity of East Anglia (BSc)
King's College London (PhD)
Known forHepatitis C
Hepatitis D
AwardsKarl Landsteiner Award (1992)
Robert Koch Prize (1993)
William Beaumont Prize (1994)
Beatrice Bitiello Award (1994)
International Hepatitis Foundation Award (1998)
Hans Popper Award (1999)
Lasker Award (2000)
Dale Smith Memorial Award (2005)
Hepdart Lifetime Achievement Award (2009)
Gairdner Foundation International Award (2013 - declined)
Scientific career
FieldsMicrobiology
Virology
InstitutionsUniversity of Alberta
Chiron Corporation
ThesisRNA Polymerases and Transcription in the Chicken Oviduct (1977)
WebsiteMichael Houghton, PhD

Michael Houghton is a British scientist, who along with Qui-Lim Choo, George Kuo and Daniel W Bradley, co-discovered Hepatitis C in 1989. He is currently Li Ka Shing Professor of Virology, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Virology, Director of the Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, and Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Alberta.[1]

After graduating with a degree in biological sciences from the University of East Anglia in 1972 and a PhD in Biochemistry from King's College London in 1977, Houghton joined G. D. Searle & Company before moving to Chiron Corporation in 1982.[2] It was at Chiron that Houghton together with colleagues Qui-Lim Choo and George Kuo, and D.W. Bradley from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, first discovered Hepatitis C.[3] He also discovered the Hepatitis D genome.[4]

Houghton was co-author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in blood, particularly among patients at higher risk of contracting the disease, including those who had received blood transfusions.[5][6][7][8] This work led to the development of a blood screening test in 1990; widespread blood screening that began in 1992 with the development of a more sensitive test has since virtually eliminated hepatitis C contamination of donated blood supplies in Canada.[9][10] In other studies published during the same period, Houghton and collaborators linked hepatitis C with liver cancer.[11], [12][13]

In 2013, Houghton's team at the University of Alberta showed that a vaccine derived from a single strain of Hepatitis C was effective against all strains of the virus.[14][15] The vaccine is currently in clinical trials.

Houghton holds 73 U.S. patents related to his research; a further seven patents are pending.

He was awarded the Robert Koch Prize in 1993, and the Lasker Award in 2000. In 2013 he become the first person to decline the $100,000 Gairdner Foundation International Award stating "I felt that it would be unfair of me to accept this award without the inclusion of two colleagues, Dr. Qui-Lim Choo and Dr. George Kuo".[16][17]

References

  1. ^ "MMI Faculty - Michael Houghton, PhD". Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  2. ^ Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development - Google Books. books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  3. ^ Houghton, M (2009). "The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus". J. Hepatol. (51): 939–948.
  4. ^ Wang, KS; Choo, QL; Weiner, AJ; Ou, JH; Najarian, RC; Thayer, RM; Mullenbach, GT; Denniston, KJ; Gerin, JL; Houghton, M (9 October 1986). "Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome". Nature. 323 (6088): 508–14. doi:10.1038/323508a0. PMID 3762705.
  5. ^ Kuo, G; Choo, Q-L; Alter, HJ; Gitnick, GI; Redeker, AG; Purcell, RH; Miyamura, T; Dienstag, JL; Alter, MJ; Stevens, CE; Tegtmeier, GE; Bonino, F; Colombo, M; Lee, W-S; Kuo, C; Berger, K; Shuster, JR; Overby, LR; Bradley, DW; Houghton, M (1989). "An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis". Science (244): 362–364.
  6. ^ Esteban, JI; Viladomiu, L; Bonzalez, A; Roget, M; Genesca, J; Guardia, J; Esteban, R; Lopez-Talavera, JC; Hernandez, JM; Vargas, V; Buti, M; Kuo, G; Choo, Q-L; Houghton, M (1989). "Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain". Lancet (334): 294–297.
  7. ^ Van Der Poel, CL; Ressink, HW; Lelie, PN; Leentvaar-Kuypers, A; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G; Houghton, M (1989). "Anti-hepatitis C antibodies and non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands". Lancet (334): 297–298.
  8. ^ Alter, HJ; Purcell, RH; Shih, JW; Melpolder, JC; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G (1989). "Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis". N. Engl. J. Med. (321): 1494–1500.
  9. ^ Cha, T-A; Kolberg, J; Irvine, B; Stempien, M; Beall, E; Yano, M; Choo, Q-L; Houghton, M; Kuo, G; Han, JH; Urdea, MS (1991). "Use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis C virus for detection of viral RNA in human serum and plasma". J. Clin. Microbiol. (29): 2528–2534.
  10. ^ Bresters, D; Cuypers, HT; Reesink, HW; Schaasberg, WP; van der Poel, CL; Mauser-Bunschoten, EP; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G; Lesniewski, R; Troonen, H; Lelie, PN (1992). "Enhanced sensitivity of a second generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus". Vox Sang. (62): 213–217.
  11. ^ Hasan, F; Jeffers, L; de Medina, M; Reddy, R; Parker, T; Schiff, E; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G (1989). "Hepatitis C HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology (10): 580.
  12. ^ De Bisceglie, AM; Alter, H; Kuo, G; Houghton, M; Hoofnagle, JH (1989). "Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with various chronic liver diseases". Hepatology (10): 581.
  13. ^ Saito, I; Miyamura, T; Ohbayashi, A; Harada, H; Katayama, T; Kikuchi, S; Watanabe, Y; Koi, S; Onji, M; Ohta, Y; Choo, Q-L; Houghton, M; Kuo, G (1990). "Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (87): 6547–6549.
  14. ^ Law, JL; Chen, C; Wong, J; Hockman, D; Santer, DM; Frey, SE; Belshe, RB; Wakita, T; Bukh, J; Jones, CT; Rice, CM; Abrignani, S; Tyrrell, DL; Houghton, M. (March 19, 2013). "A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1/gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans". PLoS One. 8 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059776. PMID 23527266.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  15. ^ Houghton, M; Law, J; Tyrrell, DL (2013). "An inactivated hepatitis C virus vaccine on the horizon?". Gastroenterology (145): 285–288.
  16. ^ "World-renowned virologist named recipient of Gairdner Award". March 22, 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  17. ^ Boesveld, Sarah (20 March 2013). "Edmonton scientist turns down $100,000 'baby Nobel' because it shut out colleagues". Retrieved 13 January 2014.

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