Fornax: Difference between revisions
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{{about|a constellation of stars|the Roman goddess| |
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| neareststarname = [[LP 944-20]] |
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| stardistancely = 16.20 |
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| stardistancepc = 4.97 |
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| numbermessierobjects = None |
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| meteorshowers = None |
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| bordering = [[Cetus]]<br />[[Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]]<br />[[Phoenix (constellation)|Phoenix]]<br />[[Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]] |
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| latmax = [[50th parallel north|50]] |
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| latmin = [[South Pole|90]] |
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| month = December |
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| notes=}} |
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'''Fornax''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɔr|n|æ|k|s}}) is a [[constellation]] in the southern sky. Its name is [[Latin]] for [[furnace]]. It was named by French astronomer [[Nicolas Louis de Lacaille]] in 1756. Fornax is one of the 88 modern constellations. |
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==History== |
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[[File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Psalterium Georgii, Fluvius Eridanus, Cetus, Officina Sculptoris, Fornax Chemica, and Machina Electrica.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Fornax Chemica can be seen below [[Cetus (constellation)|Cetus]] in this card from ''[[Urania's Mirror]]'' (1825).]] |
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De Lacaille originally called the constellation "Fornax Chemica" (the [[chemical]] furnace),{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148-149}} representing a small [[solid fuel]] vessel used for heating [[chemistry|chemical]] [[experiment]]s. |
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==Notable features== |
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[[Image:Constellation Fornax.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The constellation Fornax as it can be seen by the naked eye.]] |
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===Stars=== |
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{{see also|List of stars in Fornax}} |
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[[Alpha Fornacis]] is a binary star that can be resolved by small amateur telescopes. The primary is a yellow-tinged [[main-sequence]] star of magnitude 3.9 and the secondary is a yellow star of magnitude 6.5; the secondary may actually be a [[variable star]]. It has a period of 300 years and is 46 light-years from Earth. [[Beta Fornacis]] is a yellow-hued [[giant star]] of magnitude 4.5, 169 light-years from Earth.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148-149}} |
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===Deep-sky objects=== |
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[[File:Heic1425a.jpg|thumb|Four globular clusters in Fornax.<ref>{{cite web|title=Four globular clusters in Fornax|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1425a/|website=www.spacetelescope.org|publisher=ESA/Hubble|accessdate=21 November 2014}}</ref>]] |
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Fornax has been the target of investigations into the furthest reaches of the [[universe]]. The [[Hubble Ultra Deep Field]] is located within Fornax, and the [[Fornax Cluster]], a small [[cluster of galaxies]], lies primarily within Fornax. At a meeting of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], a team from [[University of Queensland]] described 40 unknown "dwarf" galaxies in this constellation; follow-up observations with the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and the [[European Southern Observatory]]'s [[Very Large Telescope]] revealed that [[ultra compact dwarfs]] are much smaller than previously known dwarf galaxies, about {{convert|120|ly|pc}} across.<ref>[http://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.129-sep07/messenger-no129-49-52.pdf Hilker M. et. al.], 2007''</ref> |
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[[NGC 1049]] is a [[globular cluster]] 500,000 light-years from Earth. It is in the [[Fornax Dwarf]] Galaxy.{{sfn|Levy|2005|p=176}} |
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[[UDFj-39546284]], is a candidate protogalaxy located in Fornax,<ref name="Space-20121212">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=Ancient Galaxy May Be Most Distant Ever Seen |url=http://www.space.com/18879-hubble-most-distant-galaxy.html |date=December 12, 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=December 12, 2012 |quote=13.75 [[Big Bang]] - 0.38 = 13.37 }}</ref><ref name=NASA-2011-01-26>NASA, [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/farthest-galaxy.html "NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe"], 26 January 2011</ref><ref name="heic1103">{{cite web |date=26 January 2011 |title=Hubble finds a new contender for galaxy distance record |publisher=Space Telescope (heic1103 - Science Release) |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1103/ |accessdate=2011-01-27}}</ref><ref name="STScI-2011-05">HubbleSite, [http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/05/text/ "NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe"], STScI-2011-05, 26 January 2011</ref> although recent analyses have suggested it is likely to be a lower redshift source.<ref name="Brammer2013">{{cite journal | bibcode = 2013ApJ...765L...2B | title=A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 mum for the z ~ 12 Candidate UDFj-39546284 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=765 | page=L2 | year=2013 | doi=10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/l2|arxiv = 1301.0317 }}</ref><ref name="Bouwens2013">{{cite journal | bibcode = 2013ApJ...765L..16B | title=Photometric Constraints on the Redshift of z ~ 10 Candidate UDFj-39546284 from Deeper WFC3/IR+ACS+IRAC Observations over the HUDF | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=765 | page=L16 | year=2013 | doi=10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/l16|arxiv = 1211.3105 }}</ref> |
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[[HIP 13044 b]] is an [[exoplanet]] in the constellation, reported in November 2010, that was discovered to have originated outside of the galaxy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11775803|title='Alien' planet detected circling dying star|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date={{date|2010-11-18}}|accessdate={{date|2010-11-20}}}}</ref> |
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[[NGC 1097]] is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] in Fornax, about 60 million light-years from Earth. At magnitude 9, it is visible in medium amateur telescopes.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|pp=148-149}} It is notable as a [[Seyfert galaxy]] with strong spectral emissions indicating ionized gases and a central [[supermassive black hole]]. |
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[[NGC 1365]] is another [[barred spiral galaxy]] located at a distance of 60 million light-years from Earth. Like NGC 1097, it is also a [[Seyfert galaxy]]. Its bar is a center of [[star formation]] and shows extensions of the spiral arms' [[dust lane]]s. The bright nucleus indicates the presence of an [[active galactic nucleus]] - a galaxy with a [[supermassive black hole]] at the center, accreting matter from the bar.<ref name="objects"/> It is a 10th magnitude galaxy associated with the [[Fornax Cluster]].{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|pp=148-149}} |
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[[NGC 1360]] is a [[planetary nebula]] in Fornax with a magnitude of approximately 9.0, 978 light-years from Earth. Its central star is of magnitude 11.4, an unusually bright specimen. It is five times the size of the famed [[Ring Nebula]] in [[Lyra (constellation)|Lyra]] at 6.5 arcminutes. Unlike the Ring Nebula, NGC 1360 is clearly elliptical.{{sfn|Levy|2005|pp=134-135}} |
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[[Fornax A]] is a [[radio galaxy]] with extensive radio lobes that corresponds to the optical galaxy NGC 1316, a 9th-magnitude galaxy.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148-149}} One of the closer [[active galaxy|active galaxies]] to Earth at a distance of 80 million light-years, Fornax A appears in the [[optical spectrum]] as a large [[elliptical galaxy]] with [[dust lane]]s near its core. These dust lanes have caused astronomers to discern that it recently [[galaxy merger|merged]] with a small [[spiral galaxy]]. Because it has a high rate of [[type Ia supernova]]e, NGC 1316 has been used to determine the size of the universe. The [[astrophysical jet|jet]]s producing the radio lobes are not particularly powerful, giving the lobes a more diffuse, knotted structure due to interactions with the [[intergalactic medium]].<ref name="objects">{{cite book |title = 300 Astronomical Objects: A Visual Reference to the Universe |last1 = Wilkins |first1 = Jamie |last2 = Dunn |first2 = Robert |publisher = Firefly Books |location = Buffalo, New York |date = 2006 |isbn = 978-1-55407-175-3}}</ref> Associated with this [[peculiar galaxy]] is an entire cluster of galaxies.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148-149}} |
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The [[Fornax Dwarf]] galaxy is a [[dwarf galaxy]] that is part of the [[Local Group]] of galaxies. It is not visible in amateur telescopes, despite its relatively small distance of 500,000 light-years.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148-149}} |
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==Equivalents== |
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In [[Chinese astronomy]], the stars that correspond to Fornax are located within the [[White Tiger (Chinese astronomy)|White Tiger of the West]] (西方白虎, ''Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ'').<ref>{{zh icon}} [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060710.html AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 10 日]</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Fornax (Chinese astronomy)]] |
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==References== |
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* {{cite book |first = David H. |last = Levy |title = Deep Sky Objects |publisher = Prometheus Books |date = 2005 |isbn = 1-59102-361-0 |ref = harv}} |
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* {{citation |title = Stars and Planets Guide |last1 = Ridpath |first1 = Ian |last2 = Tirion |first2 = Wil |date = 2001 |publisher = Princeton University Press |isbn = 0-691-08913-2}} |
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* [[Ian Ridpath]] and [[Wil Tirion]] (2007). ''Stars and Planets Guide'', Collins, London. ISBN 978-0-00-725120-9. Princeton University Press, Princeton. ISBN 978-0-691-13556-4. |
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* Hilker M. ''et al.''[http://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.129-sep07/messenger-no129-49-52.pdf ''Weighing Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster''], Astronomical Science, The Messenger 129 – September 2007. [http://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/ '''The Messenger'''] is a quarterly journal presenting ESO's activities to the public. |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{Commons|Fornax}} |
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* [http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/fornax/constell.html The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Fornax] |
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* [http://www.starrynightphotos.com/constellations/fornax_phoenix.htm Starry Night Photography - Fornax Constellation] |
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* [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/fornax.htm Star Tales – Fornax] |
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* [http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/fornax-constellation/ Fornax Constellation at Constellation Guide] |
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{{Stars of Fornax}} |
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{{navconstel}} |
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{{Sky|03|00|00|-|30|00|00|10}} |
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[[Category:Fornax (constellation)| ]] |
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[[Category:Constellations]] |
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[[Category:Southern constellations]] |
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[[Category:Constellations listed by Lacaille]] |
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