Yuchi language: Difference between revisions
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==Geographic distribution== |
==Geographic distribution== |
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Yuchi is primarily spoken in the northeastern [[Oklahoma]] region. In 1997 there were 12-19 elderly speakers out of an estimated population of 1500. In 2005 there are about 10 speakers out of approximately 3000 people. |
Yuchi is primarily spoken in the northeastern [[Oklahoma]] region. In 1997 there were 12-19 elderly speakers out of an estimated population of 1500. In 2005 there are about 10 speakers out of approximately 3000 people. |
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==Phonology== |
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===Consonants=== |
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The consonants of Yuchi are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets): |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! rowspan=2 colspan=2| |
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! rowspan=2 | Bilabial |
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! colspan=2 | Alveolar |
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! rowspan=2 | Palatal |
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! rowspan=2 | Velar |
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! rowspan=2 | Glottal |
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|- |
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| align="center"| central |
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| align="center"| lateral |
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|- |
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| rowspan=4| '''Stop''' |
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| unaspirated |
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| align="center"| '''p''' {{IPA|[p]}} |
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| align="center"| '''t''' {{IPA|[t]}} |
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| align="center"| '''k''' {{IPA|[k]}} |
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| align="center"| ''' ' ''' {{IPA|[ʔ]}} |
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|- |
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| aspirated |
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| align="center"| '''pʰ''' {{IPA|[pʰ]}} |
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| align="center"| '''tʰ''' {{IPA|[tʰ]}} |
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| align="center"| '''kʰ''' {{IPA|[kʰ]}} |
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|- |
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| voiced |
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| align="center"| '''b''' {{IPA|[b]}} |
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| align="center"| '''d''' {{IPA|[d]}} |
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| align="center"| '''g''' {{IPA|[g]}} |
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| ejective |
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| align="center"| '''p' ''' {{IPA|[p’]}} |
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| align="center"| '''t' ''' {{IPA|[t’]}} |
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| align="center"| '''k' ''' {{IPA|[k’]}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan=4| '''Affricate''' |
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| unaspirated |
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| align="center"| '''ts''' {{IPA|[ʦ]}} |
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| align="center"| '''ch''' {{IPA|[ʧ]}} |
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|- |
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| aspirated |
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| align="center"| '''tsʰ''' {{IPA|[ʦʰ]}} |
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| align="center"| '''chʰ''' {{IPA|[ʧʰ]}} |
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| voiced |
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| align="center"| '''dz''' {{IPA|[d]}} |
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| align="center"| '''j''' {{IPA|dʒ]}} |
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| ejective |
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| align="center"| '''ts' ''' {{IPA|[ʦ’]}} |
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| align="center"| '''ch' ''' {{IPA|[ʧ’]}} |
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| rowspan=2| '''Fricative''' |
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| voiceless |
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| align="center"| '''f''' {{IPA|[f]}} |
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| align="center"| '''s''' {{IPA|[s]}} |
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| align="center"| '''ł''' {{IPA|[ɬ]}} |
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| align="center"| '''sh''' {{IPA|[ʃ]}} |
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| align="center"| '''h''' {{IPA|[h]}} |
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|- |
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| voiced |
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| align="center"| '''v''' {{IPA|[v]}} |
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| align="center"| '''z''' {{IPA|[z]}} |
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| align="center"| '''l''' {{IPA|[l]}} |
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| '''Nasal''' |
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| align="center"| '''n''' {{IPA|[n]}} |
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| '''Glide''' |
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| align="center"| |
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| align="center"| '''w''' {{IPA|[w]}} |
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| align="center"| '''y''' {{IPA|[j]}} |
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==History== |
==History== |
Revision as of 20:14, 3 November 2006
error: ISO 639 code is required (help)
The Yuchi language is the language of the Yuchi people living in the southeastern United States, including eastern Tennessee, western Carolinas, northern Georgia and Alabama, in the period of early European colonization. However, speakers of the Yuchi language were forcibly relocated to Oklahoma in the early 1800s. Due to assimilation into Muscogee and English-speaking culture, only a few elderly speakers of the Yuchi language remain.
Classification
Yuchi is classified as a language isolate because it is not known to be related to any other language. Some linguists have tried to prove links to other American language families such as Siouan, but no conclusive evidence has emerged.
Geographic distribution
Yuchi is primarily spoken in the northeastern Oklahoma region. In 1997 there were 12-19 elderly speakers out of an estimated population of 1500. In 2005 there are about 10 speakers out of approximately 3000 people.
Phonology
Consonants
The consonants of Yuchi are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | ||||||
Stop | unaspirated | p [p] | t [t] | k [k] | ' [ʔ] | ||
aspirated | pʰ [pʰ] | tʰ [tʰ] | kʰ [kʰ] | ||||
voiced | b [b] | d [d] | g [g] | ||||
ejective | p' [p’] | t' [t’] | k' [k’] | ||||
Affricate | unaspirated | ts [ʦ] | ch [ʧ] | ||||
aspirated | tsʰ [ʦʰ] | chʰ [ʧʰ] | |||||
voiced | dz [d] | j dʒ] | |||||
ejective | ts' [ʦ’] | ch' [ʧ’] | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | s [s] | ł [ɬ] | sh [ʃ] | h [h] | |
voiced | v [v] | z [z] | l [l] | ||||
Nasal | n [n] | ||||||
Glide | w [w] | y [j] |
History
Yuchi people were originally native to various areas of the southeastern United States. However, speakers of the Yuchi language were forcibly relocated with the Muscogee (Creek) people to Oklahoma prior to the Trail of Tears.
Presence in popular literature
The Yuchi people and language are the subject of a chapter in Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages, a book on endangered languages by Mark Abley.
See also
External links