Bladder outlet decline: Difference between revisions
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'''Decline in bladder outlet''' is the process of [[Menopause#Vagina_and_uterus|gradual atrophy]] in the [[Urination#Anatomy_of_the_bladder_and_outlet|distal structures]] to the bladder in the urinary system.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology|edition=7th|page=803|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|year=2016|isbn=9780071833462}}</ref> It happens alongside with [[Atrophy#Vaginal_atrophy|atrophy of the reproductive system]] in females. It is one of the contributing factors for disorders like [[stress incontinence]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics|page=205|edition=8th|first1=Robert L.|last1=Kane|first2=Joseph G.|last2=Ouslander|first3=Barbara|last3=Resnick|first4=Michael L.|last4=Malone|year=2017|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|isbn=9781259860522}}</ref> |
'''Decline in bladder outlet''' is the process of [[Menopause#Vagina_and_uterus|gradual atrophy]] in the [[Urination#Anatomy_of_the_bladder_and_outlet|distal structures]] to the bladder in the urinary system.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology|edition=7th|page=803|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|year=2016|isbn=9780071833462}}</ref> It happens alongside with [[Atrophy#Vaginal_atrophy|atrophy of the reproductive system]] in females. It is one of the contributing factors for disorders like [[stress incontinence]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics|page=205|edition=8th|first1=Robert L.|last1=Kane|first2=Joseph G.|last2=Ouslander|first3=Barbara|last3=Resnick|first4=Michael L.|last4=Malone|year=2017|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|isbn=9781259860522}}</ref> |
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It is commonly associated with decline in [[urethral resistance pressure]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00182666|title=Analysis of bladder-outlet function with the linearized passive urethral resistance relation, linPURR, and a disease-specific approach for grading obstruction: from complex to simple|last=Schäfer|first=Werner|journal=[[World Journal of Urology]]|pages=47–58|volume=13|issue=1|year=1995|doi=10.1007/BF00182666}}</ref> |
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It is commonly associated with decline in [[urethral resistance pressure]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=WHw_a-5yllYC&pg=PA6576&lpg=PA6576&dq=%22decline+in+bladder+outlet+and+urethral+resistance+pressure+promoting+stress+incontinence%22&source=bl&ots=Tg7NGyomZU&sig=CjJj1pikTUemcdiBP7JrPzmT72c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwix_fjH98nbAhXZIjQIHeb7BAIQ6AEILTAA#v=onepage&q=%22decline+in+bladder+outlet+and+urethral+resistance+pressure+promoting+stress+incontinence%22&f=false|title=The Toronto Notes 2012: Comprehensive Medical Reference and Review for the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Exam Part 1 and the United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 2|date=10 June 2018|publisher=Toronto Notes for Medical Students|via=Google Books}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 14:52, 5 February 2020
Decline in bladder outlet is the process of gradual atrophy in the distal structures to the bladder in the urinary system.[1] It happens alongside with atrophy of the reproductive system in females. It is one of the contributing factors for disorders like stress incontinence.[2]
It is commonly associated with decline in urethral resistance pressure.[3]
References
- ^ Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw Hill Professional. 2016. p. 803. ISBN 9780071833462.
- ^ Kane, Robert L.; Ouslander, Joseph G.; Resnick, Barbara; Malone, Michael L. (2017). Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics (8th ed.). McGraw Hill Professional. p. 205. ISBN 9781259860522.
- ^ Schäfer, Werner (1995). "Analysis of bladder-outlet function with the linearized passive urethral resistance relation, linPURR, and a disease-specific approach for grading obstruction: from complex to simple". World Journal of Urology. 13 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/BF00182666.